Medicine:National Farm Medicine Center

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Short description: Non-profit agricultural health center
NFMC Logo

The National Farm Medicine Center (NFMC), established in 1981, is a non-profit program in Marshfield, Wisconsin dedicated to agricultural health and safety research, and service.[1] The center is a component of the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, which is part of Marshfield Clinic.[2][3][4][5]

History

In the 1960s research was conducted by the Marshfield Clinic Research Institute on respiratory diseases common in dairy farmers. Dean Emanuel identified maple bark disease among paper mill workers.[6][7][8]

In 1964, a culture technique developed by Emanuel and Fritz Wenzel to identify the causative agent for "farmer's lung",[8][9][10] a chronic, progressive, inflammation in the lungs of farmers. By 1971 intervention and education programs targeting farmers were developed in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Station, located in Marshfield.[11] Discussions were held in 1980 and came to fruition in 1981 with the formation of an agricultural medicine center in Marshfield.[12]

Organization

The center is directed by Casper G. Bendixsen, PhD.[13][14] Its staff of 20+ includes five PhD level scientists, along with support staff.[15] Past directors include Barbara C. Lee, PhD and Matthew C. Keifer, MD.[16][17]

Since 1997, the center has been home to the National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety (NCCRAHS),[3][18][19][20] It is one of 11 Centers for Agricultural Disease and Injury Research, Education and Prevention[21] funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,[22] and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[23]

The majority of the center's funding comes from competitive government grants and contracts. Other sources of funding are private foundations, corporations, partnerships and donations.

Education and outreach

The National Farm Medicine Center hosts summer interns who are involved in research projects, farm visits, and field work.[24][25][26]

Research

The research areas this center participates in includes

  • Integrated Pediatric Primary Care and Child Farm Safety[27]
  • Microbiome[28][29][30][31]
  • Skin Cancer Screening
  • Mental health in rural United States and Globally[32]
  • Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC)[33][34]
  • Wisconsin Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Rebate Program[35][36][37]—In 2014 the National Tractor Safety Coalition (NTSC) was created in Chicago, IL. The coalition has 80 members including the National Farm Medicine Center. More than 10 years of research has gone into tractor overturns[38] and the importance of Roll Over Protection Structures[39][40] (ROPS).[41][42] Now 70% of ROPS can be paid for to farmers retrofitting an older tractor with a system.[43][44][45][46]
  • AgInjuryNews.org – an up-to-date collection of agricultural injury and fatality reports, primarily derived from news reports.[47][48][49][50][51] A portion of the data was published in Injury Prevention in 2018[52] and a subset was analyzed for prevention message inclusion in media reports, published in 2017.[53][54] Another subset of the data analyzed from AgInjuryNews.org has described an ongoing issues of youth injuries and young operators of skid steers on U.S. farms and ranches.[55][56] This work has led to further investigation of injury surveillance gaps, and challenges with injury coding systems and the potential to couple multiple systems for improved coding outcomes.[57]

In collaboration with the Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center (UMASH),[58] the following projects are conducted:

  • Seguridad en las Lecherias (safety in the dairy) – addressing the health and safety needs of Hispanic dairy workers in Wisconsin[59][60]
  • Safe Return to work – a computer application that guides a clinician in returning an injured dairy or pork worker to light duty work[60][61]
  • Surveillance in Dairy – a survey-based project surveying the dairy community to explore changes in injury and illness.[60]
  • Rural Fire Fighters Delivering Agriculture Safety and Health (RF-DASH) – improves farmers access to rural health and safety consultation.[62][63][64]

In collaboration with the Central States Center for Agriculture Safety and Health (CS-CASH),[65] the following projects are conducted:

  • Augmented reality – Farm Mapping to Assist, Protect and Prepare Emergency responders (Farm MAPPER)[66][67][68]
  • Identifying the Sources of Stress and Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Among Young Farmers and Ranchers in the Midwest
  • Improving Safety and Health in the Cattle Feed Yard Industry
  • Assessing the prevalence and underlying causes of all-terrain vehicle-related injuries on U.S. farms.

Publications

References

  1. ↑ "Making farm safety a priority". July 26, 2016. https://www.hubcitytimes.com/2016/07/26/farm-safety-agricultural-health-national-childrens-medicine-center/. 
  2. ↑ Mulhern B. Saving Lives: the Marshfield-based National Farm Medicine Center and its director, Barbara Lee, work to reduce traumatic agricultural injuries and deaths. Wisconsin Corporate Report, January 2008, pp. 26–29.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "CDC – Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention Initiative: NIOSH FACTS: Health and Safety for Kids on the Farm – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/childag/kidsag.html. 
  4. ↑ S. Schultz. "National farm medicine center plans unveiled". Marshfield News Herald, April 22, 1982, p. A1.
  5. ↑ T. Murphy. "Farm safety their business". Wausau Daily Herald, October 15, 1989, p. D1.
  6. ↑ University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. "Alumni Gather and Honor a Pioneer in Marshfield". http://www.med.wisc.edu/quarterly/alumni-gather-and-honor-a-pioneer-in-marshfield/38106. 
  7. ↑ Emanuel, D. A.; Lawton, B. R.; Wenzel, F. J. (February 15, 1962). "Maple-bark disease. Pneumonitis due to Coniosporium corticale". The New England Journal of Medicine 266 (7): 333–337. doi:10.1056/nejm196202152660704. ISSN 1533-4406. PMID 13890068. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Dean A. Emanuel, M.D. – Ripon Commonwealth Press". http://riponpress.com/Content/Obituaries/Obituaries/Article/Dean-A-Emanuel-M-D-/5/23/9661. 
  9. ↑ Wenzel, F.; Emanuel, D. A.; Lawton, B. R.; Magnin, G. E. (November 1, 1964). "Isolation of the Causative Agent of Farmer's Lung". Annals of Allergy 22: 533–540. ISSN 0003-4738. PMID 14215933. 
  10. ↑ "Recognizing a pioneer in farm health and safety". http://brownfieldagnews.com/2013/10/23/recognizing-pioneer-farm-health-safety/. 
  11. ↑ "University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Station". http://marshfield.ars.wisc.edu/. 
  12. ↑ Mazza, Joseph J. (2006). Promoting agricultural health and safety: A history of the National Farm Medicine Center. Marshfield, Wisconsin. pp. 7–8. 
  13. ↑ "Marshfield Clinic Research Institute – National Rural Health Association honors Dr. Lee with Researcher Award". https://www.marshfieldresearch.org/nfmc-news/national-rural-health-association-honors-dr-lee-with-researcher-award. 
  14. ↑ Healy, Jack (2018). "5-Year-Olds Work Farm Machinery, and Injuries Follow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/us/family-farms-child-workers.html. 
  15. ↑ "Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation – Staff". http://marshfieldresearch.org/nfmc/staff. 
  16. ↑ "National Farm Medicine Center". http://www3.marshfieldclinic.org/nfmc/. 
  17. ↑ "Matthew Keifer, MD". http://www.marshfieldresearch.org/profiles/1037. 
  18. ↑ "National Children's Center for Rural and Agricultural Health and Safety". http://www3.marshfieldclinic.org/NCCRAHS/. 
  19. ↑ "Barbara Lee PhD". http://www.marshfieldresearch.org/profiles/1423. 
  20. ↑ "CDC – NIOSH Update – NIOSH Announces Cooperative Agreement Creating National Children's Center for Agricultural Injury Prevention". https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/updates/childcr.html. 
  21. ↑ "CDC – NIOSH Grants and Funding – Extramural Research and Training Programs – Training and Research – Agricultural Centers". https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/oep/agctrhom.html. 
  22. ↑ "CDC – The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)". https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/. 
  23. ↑ "CDC works 24/7 to protect US from health, safety and security threats.". https://www.cdc.gov/. 
  24. ↑ Heiberger, Scott; Evans, James F. (December 2017). "New Extension Approaches to Serving Agricultural Media in Advancing Farm-Life Safety Communications". Journal of Extension 55 (6). doi:10.34068/joe.55.06.44. https://www.joe.org/joe/2017december/rb3.php. Retrieved May 16, 2018. 
  25. ↑ "Marshfield Clinic Research Institute – Study takes fresh look at engaging media in farm safety coverage". https://www.marshfieldresearch.org/nfmc-news/study-takes-fresh-look-at-engaging-media-in-farm-safety-coverage. 
  26. ↑ umash (February 20, 2018). "Study takes fresh look at engaging media in farm safety coverage". Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center. http://umash.umn.edu/study-takes-fresh-look-at-engaging-media-in-farm-safety-coverage/. 
  27. ↑ "5-Year-Olds Work Farm Machinery, and Injuries Follow". The New York Times. January 29, 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/us/family-farms-child-workers.html. 
  28. ↑ "Dairy farmers' dirty noses, mouths likely healthy". Wisconsin State Farmer. https://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/state/2017/10/11/dairy-farmers-dirty-noses-mouths-likely-healthy/754253001/. 
  29. ↑ Shukla, Sanjay K.; Ye, Zhan; Sandberg, Scott; Reyes, Iris; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Keifer, Matthew (August 29, 2017). "The nasal microbiota of dairy farmers is more complex than oral microbiota, reflects occupational exposure, and provides competition for staphylococci". PLOS ONE 12 (8): e0183898. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183898. PMID 28850578. Bibcode: 2017PLoSO..1283898S. 
  30. ↑ "Dairy farmers have noses for science". AgUpdate. http://www.agupdate.com/agriview/news/dairy/dairy-farmers-have-noses-for-science/article_e3101421-29fa-5ca7-b112-acc341659bd2.html. 
  31. ↑ Human Microbiome Project Consortium (June 2012). "Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome". Nature 486 (7402): 207–214. doi:10.1038/nature11234. PMID 22699609. Bibcode: 2012Natur.486..207T. 
  32. ↑ Olowogbon, Toyin (October 22, 2018). "Agricultural stressors: identification, causes and perceived effects among Nigerian crop farmers". Journal of Agromedicine 24 (1): 46–55. doi:10.1080/1059924x.2018.1538915. PMID 30345895. 
  33. ↑ Ludka-Gaulke, Tiffany; Ghera, Princy; Waring, Stephen C.; Keifer, Matthew; Seroogy, Christine; Gern, James E.; Kirkhorn, Steven (January 2018). "Farm exposure in early childhood is associated with a lower risk of severe respiratory illnesses". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141 (1): 454–456.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.032. PMID 28870458. 
  34. ↑ "Marshfield study: Kids raised on dairy farms less likely to get allergies, rashes". Daily Herald Media. https://www.wausaudailyherald.com/story/news/local/2017/09/06/marshfield-study-kids-raised-dairy-farms-less-likely-get-allergies-rashes/635116001/. 
  35. ↑ "Tractor rollbar rebate bill advances in Wisconsin legislature". Wisconsin State Farmer. https://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/state/2018/05/01/tractor-rollbar-rebate-bill-advances-wisconsin-legislature/570765002/. 
  36. ↑ "Wisconsin tractor rollbar rebates available for 2017–18". https://hoards.com/article-21703-wisconsin-tractor-rollbar-rebates-available-for-2017-18.html. 
  37. ↑ "Marshfield Clinic Research Institute – Tractor Rollbar Rebate: The Christmas Gift that Keeps on Giving". https://www.marshfieldresearch.org/nfmc-news/tractor-rollbar-rebate-the-christmas-gift-that-keeps-on-giving. 
  38. ↑ "rollbar Archives – OnFocus". https://focusonmarshfield.com/tag/rollbar/. 
  39. ↑ FocusonMFLD (December 8, 2017). "National Farm Medicine Center Helps Farmers Give the Gift of Safety – OnFocus". OnFocus. http://focusonmarshfield.com/national-farm-medicine-center-helps-farmers-give-gift-safety/. 
  40. ↑ "Rollbar rebate form". AgUpdate. http://www.agupdate.com/crops/rollbar-rebate-form/pdf_9d7884bd-8332-55ab-b19f-acad14866980.html. 
  41. ↑ "Tragedy averted: 90-second video speaks to Wisconsin farmers". Wisconsin State Farmer. https://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/2018/03/05/tragedy-averted-90-second-video-speaks-wisconsin-farmers/397566002/. 
  42. ↑ "Tractor roll bars help save lives in most common farm accide...". http://www.westfargopioneer.com/news/4102718-tractor-roll-bars-help-save-lives-most-common-farm-accidents. 
  43. ↑ Rudolphi, Josie M.; Campo, Shelly; Gerr, Fred; Rohlman, Diane S. (May 2018). "Social and Individual Influences on Tractor Operating Practices of Young Adult Agricultural Workers". Journal of Adolescent Health 62 (5): 605–611. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.300. ISSN 1054-139X. PMID 29478719. 
  44. ↑ "Tractor rollbar rebate bill advances in Wisconsin legislature". Wisconsin State Farmer. https://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/state/2018/05/01/tractor-rollbar-rebate-bill-advances-wisconsin-legislature/570765002/. 
  45. ↑ "Win a free tractor ROPS at Grazing Conference". January 22, 2018. http://www.thecountrytoday.com/Farm/Farm-News/2018/01/22/div-class-libPageBodyLinebreak-Win-a-free-tractor-ROPS-at-Grazing-Conference-nbsp-br-div.html. 
  46. ↑ "GrassWorks Grazing Conference Filling Up". Farm Report. http://www.fabulousfarmbabe.net/2017/11/29/grassworks-grazing-conference-filling-up/. 
  47. ↑ Weichelt, Bryan; Salzwedel, Marsha; Heiberger, Scott; Lee, Barbara C. (May 22, 2018). "Establishing a publicly available national database of US news articles reporting agriculture-related injuries and fatalities". American Journal of Industrial Medicine 61 (8): 667–674. doi:10.1002/ajim.22860. ISSN 0271-3586. PMID 29790197. 
  48. ↑ "Ag Injury News Clippings". http://www.aginjurynews.org. 
  49. ↑ "Resolutions for a safer 2018 on Wisconsin farms". Wisconsin State Farmer. http://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/2017/12/28/resolutions-safer-2018-wisconsin-farms/983569001/. 
  50. ↑ "Recent farm tragedy sparks outcry". Wisconsin State Farmer. http://www.wisfarmer.com/story/news/2017/05/24/recent-farm-tragedy-sparks-outcry/338361001/. 
  51. ↑ Healy, Jack (2018). "5-Year-Olds Work Farm Machinery, and Injuries Follow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/us/family-farms-child-workers.html. 
  52. ↑ Weichelt, Bryan; Gorucu, Serap (February 17, 2018). "Supplemental surveillance: a review of 2015 and 2016 agricultural injury data from news reports on AgInjuryNews.org". Injury Prevention 25 (3): injuryprev–2017–042671. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042671. ISSN 1353-8047. PMID 29386372. http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/early/2018/02/16/injuryprev-2017-042671. 
  53. ↑ Marlenga, B.; Berg, R.; Gallagher, S. (January 20, 2017). "News Reports and Their Role in Child Agricultural Injury Prevention". Journal of Agromedicine 22 (2): 71–77. doi:10.1080/1059924X.2017.1282909. PMID 28107106. 
  54. ↑ "Rural Health Informatics Play Increased Role in Ag Safety". Pork Business. https://www.porkbusiness.com/article/rural-health-informatics-play-increased-role-ag-safety. 
  55. ↑ Weichelt, Bryan; Bendixsen, Casper (2018). "A Review of 2016–2017 Agricultural Youth Injuries Involving Skid Steers and a Call for Intervention and Translational Research". Journal of Agromedicine 23 (4): 374–380. doi:10.1080/1059924x.2018.1501455. PMID 30230430. 
  56. ↑ Healy, Jack (January 29, 2018). "5-Year-Olds Work Farm Machinery, and Injuries Follow". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/29/us/family-farms-child-workers.html. 
  57. ↑ Murphy, Dennis; Gorucu, Serap; Weichelt, Bryan; Scott, Erika; Purschwitz, Mark (2019). "Using multiple coding schemes for classification and coding of agricultural injury". American Journal of Industrial Medicine 62 (2): 87–98. doi:10.1002/ajim.22932. ISSN 1097-0274. PMID 30561026. 
  58. ↑ umash. "Home". http://umash.umn.edu/. 
  59. ↑ "Students work on farm safety training for immigrant dairy workers". August 28, 2015. http://farmprogress.com/story-students-work-farm-safety-training-immigrant-dairy-workers-25-131508. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 Archibald, Joy. "Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center – UMASH Projects". http://umash.umn.edu/umash-projects/. 
  61. ↑ 2015 APHA Annual Meeting & Expo (Oct. 31 – Nov. 4, 2015): Nuance to Numbers: Transforming Unstructured Physical Therapist Field Data to Structured Farm Task Data for an Injured/Ill Return to Work Software Application. November 4, 2015. https://apha.confex.com/apha/143am/webprogram/Paper326856.html. Retrieved February 18, 2016. 
  62. ↑ Archibald, Joy. "Rural Firefighters Delivering Agricultural Safety and Health (RF-DASH)". Upper Midwest Agricultural Safety and Health Center. http://umash.umn.edu/portfolio/rural-firefighters-delivering-agricultural-safety-and-health-rf-dash/. 
  63. ↑ "Tracking Farm Hazards with Farm MAPPER". June 28, 2018. http://smallfarms.cornell.edu/2018/06/28/tracking-farm-hazards-with-farm-mapper/. 
  64. ↑ Barnes, Casper Bendixsen and Kate. "Farm First Aid – Preparing for tough situations". https://www.progressivedairy.com/topics/management/farm-first-aid-preparing-for-tough-situations. 
  65. ↑ "Home | CS-CASH | University of Nebraska Medical Center". https://www.unmc.edu/publichealth/cscash/. 
  66. ↑ Weichelt, Bryan; Yoder, Aaron; Bendixsen, Casper; Pilz, Matthew; Minor, Gerald; Keifer, Matthew (July 3, 2018). "Augmented Reality Farm MAPPER Development: Lessons Learned from an App Designed to Improve Rural Emergency Response". Journal of Agromedicine 23 (3): 284–296. doi:10.1080/1059924x.2018.1470051. ISSN 1059-924X. PMID 30047852. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1121&context=veterans. 
  67. ↑ "What's in Marshfield Clinic's next 100 years?". News-Herald Media. https://www.marshfieldnewsherald.com/story/news/2016/12/21/whats-marshfield-clinics-next-100-years/95429266/. 
  68. ↑ Weichelt, Bryan; Heimonen, Tomi; Pilz, Matthew; Yoder, Aaron; Bendixsen, Casper (2018). "An Argument against Cross-Platform Development: Lessons from an Augmented Reality App Prototype for Rural Emergency Responders". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7 (3): e12207. doi:10.2196/12207. PMID 30920380. PMC 6458533. https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/12207. Retrieved February 8, 2019. 
  69. ↑ "Journal of Agromedicine". Taylor & Francis. http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/wagr20/current. 
  70. ↑ "Farm Safety Spheres of Influence". Pork Business. https://www.porkbusiness.com/article/farm-safety-spheres-influence-0. 

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