Medicine:Stress shielding

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Short description: Type of reduction in bone density

Stress shielding is the reduction in bone density (osteopenia) as a result of removal of typical stress from the bone by an implant (for instance, the femoral component of a hip prosthesis).[1] This is because by Wolff's law,[2] bone in a healthy person or animal remodels in response to the loads it is placed under. It is possible to mention the elastic modulus of magnesium (41–45 GPa) compared to titanium (110–127 GPa), stainless steel (189–205 GPa), iron (211.4 GPa), or zinc (78–121 GPa), which makes it further analogous to the natural bone of the body (3–20 GPa) and prevents stress shielding phenomena.[3][4] Porous implantation is one typical alleviation method.[5][6]

References

  1. ↑ Ibrahim, H.; Esfahani, S. N.; Poorganji, B.; Dean, D.; Elahinia, M. (January 2017). "Resorbable bone fixation alloys, forming, and post-fabrication treatments". Materials Science and Engineering: C 70 (1): 870–888. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.069. PMID 27770965. https://zenodo.org/record/996947. 
  2. ↑ Frost, HM (1994). "Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians". The Angle Orthodontist 64 (3): 175–188. PMID 8060014. 
  3. ↑ Kong, Lingyun; Heydari, Zahra; Lami, Ghadeer Hazim; Saberi, Abbas; Baltatu, Madalina Simona; Vizureanu, Petrica (3 July 2023). "A Comprehensive Review of the Current Research Status of Biodegradable Zinc Alloys and Composites for Biomedical Applications". Materials 16 (13): 4797. doi:10.3390/ma16134797. PMID 37445111. Bibcode: 2023Mate...16.4797K. 
  4. ↑ Saberi, A.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Karamian, E.; Kasiri-Asgarani, M.; Ghomi, H. (April 2020). "Magnesium-graphene nano-platelet composites: Corrosion behavior, mechanical and biological properties". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 821: 153379. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.153379. 
  5. ↑ Dhandapani, Ramya; Krishnan, Priya Dharshini; Zennifer, Allen; Kannan, Vishal; Manigandan, Amrutha; Arul, Michael R.; Jaiswal, Devina; Subramanian, Anuradha et al. (March 2020). "Additive manufacturing of biodegradable porous orthopaedic screw". Bioactive Materials 5 (3): 458–467. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.009. PMID 32280835. 
  6. ↑ William F. McKay, "Reinforced porous spinal implants", US patent 5702449, published 1997-12-30, issued 1997-12-30, assigned to Danek Medical, Inc., Memphis, Tenn.and SDGI Holdings Inc.




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