Medicine:The BMJ

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The BMJ  
Recent front cover of The BMJ.jpg
|Subject |Discipline}}Medicine
LanguageEnglish
Edited byFiona Godlee
Publication details
Former name(s)
Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal, British Medical Journal, BMJ
History1840–present
Publisher
BMJ (United Kingdom)
FrequencyWeekly
Immediate, research articles only
LicenseCreative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License
23.295 (2017)
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4BMJ
Indexing
CODENDXRA5
ISSN0959-8138 (print)
1756-1833 (web)
LCCN97640199
JSTOR09598138
OCLC no.32595642
Links

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Originally called the British Medical Journal, the title was officially shortened to BMJ in 1988, and then changed to The BMJ in 2014. The journal is published by the global knowledge provider BMJ, a wholly owned subsidiary of the British Medical Association. The editor in chief of The BMJ is Fiona Godlee, who was appointed in February 2005.[1]

History

The journal began publishing on 3 October 1840 as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal and quickly attracted the attention of physicians around the world through its publication of high-impact original research articles and unique case reports.[2] The BMJ's first editors were P. Hennis Green, lecturer on the diseases of children at the Hunterian School of Medicine, who also was its founder and Robert Streeten of Worcester, a member of the PMSA council.

Image of the cover of 1st issue of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal
Cover of the 1st issue of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal

The first issue of the British Medical Journal was 16 pages long and contained three simple woodcut illustrations. The longest items were the editors' introductory editorial and a report of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association's Eastern Branch. Other pages included a condensed version of Henry Warburton's medical reform bill, book reviews, clinical papers, and case notes. There were ​2 1⁄2 columns of advertisements. Inclusive of stamp duty it cost 7d, a price which remained until 1844. In their main article, Green and Streeten noted that they had "received as many advertisements (in proportion to the quantity of letter press) for our first number, as the most popular Medical Journal, (The Lancet) after seventeen years of existence."[2]

In their introductory editorial and later statements, Green and Streeten defined "the main objects of promotion of which the Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal is established". Summarised, there were two clear main objectives: the advancement of the profession, especially in the provinces and the dissemination of medical knowledge. Green and Streeten also expressed interest in promoting public well-being as well as maintaining 'medical practitioners, as a class in that rank of society which, by their intellectual acquirements, by their general moral character, and by the importance of the duties entrusted to them, they are justly entitled to hold'.[2]

The BMJ published the first centrally randomised controlled trial.[3] The journal also carried the seminal papers on the causal effects of smoking on health[4][5] and lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking.[6]

For a long time, the journal's sole competitor was The Lancet, also based in the UK, but with increasing globalisation, The BMJ has faced tough competition from other medical journals, particularly The New England Journal of Medicine and the Journal of the American Medical Association.[7]

Journal content

The BMJ is an advocate of evidence-based medicine. It publishes research as well as clinical reviews, recent medical advances, editorial perspectives, among others.

A special "Christmas Edition" is published annually on the Friday before Christmas. This edition is known for research articles which apply a serious academic approach to investigating less serious medical questions.[8][9][10] The results are often humorous and widely reported by the mainstream media.[9][11]

The BMJ has an open peer review system, wherein authors are told who reviewed their manuscript. About half the original articles are rejected after review in-house.[12] Manuscripts chosen for peer review are first reviewed by external experts, who comment on the importance and suitability for publication, before the final decision on a manuscript is made by the editorial ("hanging") committee. The acceptance rate is less than 7% for original research articles.[13]

Indexing and citations

The BMJ is included in the major indexes PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCO, and the Science Citation Index. The journal has long criticised the misuse of the impact factor to award grants and recruit researchers by academic institutions.[14]

The five journals that (As of 2008) have cited The BMJ most often are (in order of descending citation frequency) The BMJ, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Lancet, BMC Public Health, and BMC Health Services Research.[15]

(As of 2008), the five journals that have been cited most frequently by articles published in The BMJ are The BMJ, The Lancet, The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.[15]

Impact

In the 2018 Journal Citation Reports, The BMJ's impact factor was 23.295 in 2017,[16] ranking it fourth among general medical journals.[17] According to the Web of Science,[15] the following articles have been cited the most often:

  1. "Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey". BMJ 320 (7244): 1240–3. May 2000. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240. PMID 10797032. 
  2. "Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients". BMJ 324 (7329): 71–86. January 2002. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71. PMID 11786451. 
  3. "Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study". BMJ 321 (7258): 405–12. August 2000. doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405. PMID 10938048. 

As of 2014, the most viewed article[18] on The BMJ website is:

  1. "Magnetic resonance imaging of male and female genitals during coitus and female sexual arousal". BMJ 319 (7225): 1596–600. 18 December 1999. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1596. PMID 10600954. 

Website and access policies

The BMJ went fully online in 1995 and has archived all its issues on the web. In addition to the print content, supporting material for original research articles, additional news stories, and electronic letters to the editors are its principal attractions. The BMJ website has the policy of publishing most e-letters to the journal, called Rapid Responses,[19] and is shaped like a fully moderated Internet forum. (As of January 2013) there had been 88 500 rapid responses posted on the BMJ website.[20] Comments are screened for libellous and obscene content, however potential contributors are warned that once published, they will not have the right to remove or edit their response.[20]

From 1999, all content of The BMJ was freely available online; however, in 2006 this changed to a subscription model. Original research articles continue to be available freely, but from January 2006, all other 'added value' contents, including clinical reviews and editorials, require a subscription. The BMJ allows complete free access for visitors from economically disadvantaged countries as part of the HINARI initiative.

On 14 October 2008, The BMJ announced it would become an open access journal. This only refers to their research articles. To view other articles, a subscription is required.[21]

Editions

The BMJ is principally an online journal, and it is only the website which carries the full text content of every article. However, a number of print editions are produced, targeting different groups of readers with selections of content, some of it abridged, and different advertising.[22] The print editions are:

  • General Practice (weekly) for general practitioners
  • Clinical Research (weekly) for hospital doctors
  • Academic (monthly) for institutions, researchers and medical academics

In addition, The BMJ also publishes a number of overseas/ foreign language editions: Argentinian (in Spanish), Greek, Romanian, Chinese, and Middle Eastern (in English). There is also Student BMJ, an online resource for medical students and junior doctors which publishes an annual print edition each September.

Other services

The BMJ offers several alerting services, free on request:[23]

  • This Week In The BMJ: Weekly table of contents email, latest research, video, blogs and editorial comment.
  • Editor’s choice: Dr Fiona Godlee introduces a selection of the latest research, medical news, comment and education each week.
  • Today on bmj.com Daily links to the latest articles from The BMJ.

Editors

  • P. Hennis Green and Robert Streeten (1840–1844)
  • Robert Streeten (1844–1849)
  • W.H. Rankin and JH Walsh (1849–1853)
  • John Rose Cormack (1853–1855)
  • Andrew Wynter (1855–1861)
  • William Orlando Markham (1861–1866)
  • Ernest Hart (1866–1869)
  • Jonathan Hutchinson (1869–1871)
  • Ernest Hart (1871–1898)
  • Sir Dawson Williams (1898–1928)
  • Norman Gerald Horner (1928–1946)
  • Hugh Clegg (1947–1965)
  • Martin Ware (1966–1975)
  • Stephen Lock (1975–1991)
  • Richard Smith (1991–2004)
  • Fiona Godlee (2005–)


References

  1. ↑ "Godlee is made BMJ's first woman editor". Press Gazette. 11 February 2005. Archived from the original on 2 September 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090902214457/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=29459&sectioncode=1. Retrieved 14 August 2009. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Batrip, P.W.J. (1990). Mirror of Medicine: A History of the British Medical Journal. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-261844-X. 
  3. ↑ "STREPTOMYCIN treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis". British Medical Journal 2 (4582): 769–82. October 1948. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4582.769. PMID 18890300. 
  4. ↑ "Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report". British Medical Journal 2 (4682): 739–48. September 1950. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4682.739. PMID 14772469. 
  5. ↑ "The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report". British Medical Journal 1 (4877): 1451–5. June 1954. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4877.1451. PMID 13160495. 
  6. ↑ "Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking; a second report on the mortality of British doctors". British Medical Journal 2 (5001): 1071–81. November 1956. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5001.1071. PMID 13364389. 
  7. ↑ Mayor, S. (2004). "BMJ and Lancet rank among the most clinically relevant medical journals". BMJ 329: 592. doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7466.592-e. 
  8. ↑ Eveleth, Rose (23 December 2013). "The Best of the British Medical Journal's Goofy Christmas Papers". The Smithsonian. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-best-of-the-british-medical-journals-goofy-christmas-papers-180948177/. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Liberman, Mark (21 December 2007). "Language Log: 'Tis the season". Language Log. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/005246.html. 
  10. ↑ "[AIDS and pedodontics: the real risk and its prevention"]. Minerva Stomatologica 39 (12): 1027–32. December 1990. doi:10.1136/bmj.39430.559375.47. 
  11. ↑ "Santa's a Health Menace? Media Everywhere Are Falling for It—But the Study Was Meant as a Joke". Newsweek blog. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100106204949/http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/nurtureshock/archive/2009/12/18/santa-s-a-health-menace-media-everywhere-are-falling-for-it-but-the-entire-study-is-a-fake.aspx. 
  12. ↑ "BMJ peer reviewers: resources — BMJ resources". bmj.com. http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/reviewers. Retrieved 7 January 2011. 
  13. ↑ "Is The BMJ the right journal for my research article?". BMJ. http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-authors/forms-policies-and-checklists/bmj-right-journal-my-research-article. Retrieved 7 September 2015. "Our rejection rate for research is currently around 93%." 
  14. ↑ "Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research". BMJ 314 (7079): 498–502. February 1997. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7079.497. PMID 9056804. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Web of Science". Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100214003244/http://isiwebofknowledge.com/. Retrieved 23 February 2010. 
  16. ↑ "About BMJ". bmj.com. http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/about-bmj. Retrieved 22 June 2015. 
  17. ↑ 2015 Journal Citation Report Science Edition, Thompson Reuters, 2016.
  18. ↑ "Three million looks at sex-in-an-MRI video". Improbable Research. 17 June 2014. http://www.improbable.com/2014/06/17/three-million-looks-at-sex-in-an-mri-video/. 
  19. ↑ "Recent Rapid Responses". The BMJ. http://www.bmj.com/rapid-responses. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Sharon Davies: Why we’re reluctant to remove rapid responses from bmj.com". The BMJ. 31 January 2013. http://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2013/01/31/sharon-davies-why-were-reluctant-to-remove-rapid-responses-from-bmj-com/#more-24165. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
  21. ↑ Suber, Peter (20 October 2008). "BMJ converts to OA". Open Access News. http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2008/10/bmj-converts-to-gratis-oa.html. 
  22. ↑ "The BMJ and Student BMJ ISSNs". The BMJ. http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-subscribers/bmj-and-student-bmj-issns. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 
  23. ↑ "Receiving email alerts". The BMJ. http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers/receiving-email-alerts. Retrieved 14 January 2016. 

External links




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