Philosophy:Pattavali

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Short description: Record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders

Stela: Bhadrabahu as the last Kevalin in Digambara tradition

A Pattavali (From Sanskrit patta: seat, avali: chain), Sthaviravali or Theravali, is a record of a spiritual lineage of heads of monastic orders. They are thus spiritual genealogies.[1] It is generally presumed that two successive names are teacher and pupil. The term is applicable for all Indian religions, but is generally used for Jain monastic orders.

There are several famous pattavalis which are often used to establish historical chronologies:[2][3]

  • Sarasvatigachchha Pattavali: Pattavali of the Balatkara Gana of Mula Sangh
  • Tapagaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of Tapa Gachchha
  • Upakesha Gaccha Pattavali: Pattavali of now extinct Upakesha Gaccha.
  • Kharataragachha Pattavali: Pattavali of Kharatara Gachchha

Glasenapp notes that although the chronological list mentioned in pattavali are valuable, it is not reliable.[4]

Description

Pattavali states the lineage of Jain monks.[5]

The Jain Monastic Lineages

According to 600 AD inscription at Sravanabelagola, Harivansha Purana, Jambuddvita Pannati and Kalpasutra, the Pattavali (lineage) after Mahavira, 24th tirthankara, is traced as follows.[6] Bhadrabahu was the last leader of the undivided Sangha. After him there were two branches in the lineage. In both branches, some of the oral tradition was gradually lost. The two branches eventually became the two traditions Digambaras and the Svetambaras, although formal recognition of the separation is encountered in the 5th century CE.[citation needed] Kalpasutra gives a lineage starting with Pushyagiri after Vajrasena ending with Kshamashramna Devarddhi, the president of the Vallabhi council. The canonical books of the Svetambaras were produced in writing in this Council. The Kalpasutra also mentions ganas and shakhas established by other disciples of Bhadrabahu, Sambhutavijaya, Mahagiri etc. The Brihat-Kharataragachchha pattavali gives the name of Chandra after Vajrasena, the lineage continues until Udyotana, the founder of Brihadgachcha.[citation needed]

  • The Kevalis (those who attained kavalagyana)
    • Mahavira Swami
    • Gautam Swami
    • Sudharmaswami (Lohacharya)
    • Jambu Swami
  • The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Digambara tradition:
    • Vishnudeva
    • Aparajita
    • Govardhana
    • Bhadrabahu
  • The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts) According to Svetambara tradition:
    • Prabhava
    • Sayyambhava
    • Yashobhadra
    • Sambhutavijaya
    • Bhadrabahu

The Lineages after Bhadrabahu

According to Digambar tradition, the monastic lineage after bhadrabahu was:[7]

  • Bhadrabahu, the shruta-kevali
  • Visakha, the 10-purvis begin here
  • Prosthila
  • Kshatria
  • Jayasena
  • Nagasena
  • Siddhartha
  • Dhritisena
  • Vijaya
  • Buddhilinga
  • Deva I
  • Dharasena
  • Nakshatri, 11 angis begin here.
  • Jayapalaka
  • Pandava
  • Dhruvasena
  • Kansa
  • Subhadra, 1 angis begins here.
  • Yashobhadra
  • Bhadrabahu II
  • Lohacarya II
  • Arhadvali, ekangis with partial knowledge of one anga.
  • Maghanandi
  • Dharasena, see Satkhandagama
  • Pushpadanta
  • Bhutabali

Arhadvali is said to have been the founder for the divisions of the Mula Sangha.

The lineage from Bhadrabahu according to Svetambara tradition is:[8]

  • Bhadrabahu and Sambhutavijaya
  • Sthulabhadra
  • Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)[9]
  • Susthita
  • Indradatta
  • Dinna
  • Sinhagiri
  • Vajra (31 BC to 47 CE)[10]
  • Vajrasena

According to Shwetambar tradition, the monastic lineage is[8]

  1. Sudharmaswami
  2. Jambu Swami
  3. Prabhava
  4. Sayyambhava
  5. Yashobhadra
  6. Sambhutavijaya & Bhadrabahu
  7. Sthulabhadra 
  8. Mahagiri (268 BC to 168 BC) and Suhastin (222 BC to 122 BC)[9]
  9. Susthita and Supratibuddh
  10. Indradinna
  11. Dinna
  12. Sinhagiri
  13. Vajraswami (31 BC to 47 CE)[10]
  14. Vajrasena
  15. Chandrasuri
  16. -
  17. Vriddhadeva
  18. Pradyotansuri
  19. Mandevsuri
  20. Mantungsuri
  21. Virsuri
  22. Jaidevsuri
  23. Anandsuri
  24. Vikramsuri
  25. Narsimhsuriji
  26. Samudrasuri
  27. Mandevsuri II
  28. Vibudhprabhasuri
  29. Jayanandsuri
  30. Raviprabhsuri
  31. Yashodevsuri
  32. Pradyumnasuri
  33. Mandevsuri III
  34. Vimalchandrasuri
  35. Udyotansuri
  36. Sarvadevsuri
  37. Devsuri
  38. Sarvadevsuri II
  39. Yashobhadrasuri
  40. Munichandrasuri
  41. Vadidevsuri
  42. Vijaisinghsuri
  43. Somaprabhsuri
  44. Jagatchandrasuri - Founder of Tapagaccha
  45. Devendrasuri
  46. Vidyanandsuri and Dharmagoshsuri
  47. Somaprabhsuri
  48. Somatilaksuri
  49. Devsundersuri
  50. Somasundersuri
  51. Munisundersuri
  52. Ratnashekharsuri
  53. Lakshmisagarsuri
  54. Sumatisadhusuri
  55. Hemvimalsuri
  56. Anandvimalsuri
  57. Vijay Dansuri
  58. Vijay Hirsuri - One who inspired Akbar
  59. Vijaysen Suri
  60. Vijaydev suri
  61. Vijaysimhsuri
  62. Vijayprabhavsuri
  63. Satyavijay Gani


See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Śrī paṭṭāvalī-samuccayaḥ, Vīramagāma, Gujarāta : Śrī Cāritra-Smāraka-Granthamālā, 1933
  2. ↑ Akbar as Reflected in the Contemporary Jain Literature in Gujarat, by Shirin Mehta, Social Scientist, 1992, p. 54-60
  3. ↑ Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions, by John Cort Numen,1987 BRILL, p. 235-255
  4. ↑ Glasenapp 1999, p. 12
  5. ↑ Upinder Singh 2016, p. 26.
  6. ↑ "History of the Digambaras", Jainworld.com, 16 January 1977, http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm, retrieved 7 September 2015 
  7. ↑ "History of Digambara". http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/History_of_the_Digambaras.htm. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "kalpasutra". Jainworld.com. http://www.jainworld.com/jainbooks/images/18/The_Sthaviravali_of_the_Kal.htm. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Natubhai Shah 2004, p. 46.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Natubhai Shah 2004, p. 47.

References



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