Physics:Exceptional point
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Short description: Singularities in the parameter space
In quantum physics, exceptional points[1] are singularities in the parameter space where two or more eigenstates (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) coalesce. These points appear in dissipative systems, which make the Hamiltonian describing the system non-Hermitian.
Photonics
The losses in photonic systems, are a feature used to study non-Hermitian physics.[2] Adding non-Hermiticity (such as dichroïsm) in photonic systems where exist Dirac points transforms these degeneracy points into a pair of exceptional points. It has been demonstrated experimentally in numerous photonic systems such as microcavities[3] and photonic crystals.[4] The first demonstration of exceptional points was done by Woldemar Voigt in 1902 in a crystal.[5]
See also
References
- ↑ Bergholtz, Emil J.; Budich, Jan Carl; Kunst, Flore K. (2021-02-24). "Exceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems". Reviews of Modern Physics 93 (1): 015005. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.93.015005. Bibcode: 2021RvMP...93a5005B. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/RevModPhys.93.015005.
- ↑ Miri, Mohammad-Ali; Alù, Andrea (2019-01-04). "Exceptional points in optics and photonics" (in en). Science 363 (6422): eaar7709. doi:10.1126/science.aar7709. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30606818. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar7709.
- ↑ Liao, Qing; Leblanc, Charly; Ren, Jiahuan; Li, Feng; Li, Yiming; Solnyshkov, Dmitry; Malpuech, Guillaume; Yao, Jiannian et al. (2021-09-01). "Experimental Measurement of the Divergent Quantum Metric of an Exceptional Point" (in en). Physical Review Letters 127 (10): 107402. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.107402. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 34533335. Bibcode: 2021PhRvL.127j7402L. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.107402.
- ↑ Kim, Kyoung-Ho; Hwang, Min-Soo; Kim, Ha-Reem; Choi, Jae-Hyuck; No, You-Shin; Park, Hong-Gyu (2016-12-21). "Direct observation of exceptional points in coupled photonic-crystal lasers with asymmetric optical gains" (in en). Nature Communications 7 (1): 13893. doi:10.1038/ncomms13893. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 28000688. Bibcode: 2016NatCo...713893K.
- ↑ Voigt, W. (1902-07-01). "VII. On the behaviour of pleochroitic crystals along directions in the neighbourhood of an optic axis". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 4 (19): 90–97. doi:10.1080/14786440209462820. ISSN 1941-5982. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440209462820.
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