Physics:Heavy fermion superconductor

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Heavy fermion superconductors are a type of unconventional superconductor.

The first heavy fermion superconductor, CeCu2Si2, was discovered by Frank Steglich in 1978.[1]

Since then over 30 heavy fermion superconductors were found (in materials based on Ce, U, but also other lanthanide and actinide elements), with a critical temperature up to 18.5 K (in PuCoGa5).

Material TC (K) comments original reference
CeCu2Si2 0.7 first unconventional superconductor [1]
CePt3Si 0.75 first heavy-fermion superconductor with non-centrosymmetric crystal structure [2]
CeIn3 0.2 superconducting only at high pressures [3]
UBe13 0.85 p-wave superconductor [4]
UPt3 0.48 several distinct superconducting phases [5]
URu2Si2 1.3 mysterious 'hidden-order phase' below 17 K [6]
UPd2Al3 2.0 antiferromagnetic below 14 K [7]
UNi2Al3 1.1 antiferromagnetic below 5 K [8]
NpPd5Al2 4.9 [9]
PuCoGa5 18.5 [10]


From specific heat measurements ΔC/C(TC) one knows that the Cooper pairs in the superconducting state are also formed by the heavy quasiparticles.[11] In contrast to normal superconductors it cannot be described by BCS theory. Due to the large effective mass,[12] the

Some heavy fermion superconductors are candidate materials for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase.[13] In particular there has been evidence that CeCoIn5 close to the critical field is in an FFLO state.[14]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Steglich, F.; Aarts, J.; Bredl, C.D.; Lieke, W.; Meschede, D.; Franz, W.; Schäfer, H. (1979). "Superconductivity in the Presence of Strong Pauli Paramagnetism: CeCu2Si2". Physical Review Letters 43 (25): 1892–1896. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.1892. Bibcode: 1979PhRvL..43.1892S. 
  2. ↑ E. Bauer (2004). "Heavy Fermion Superconductivity and Magnetic Order in Noncentrosymmetric CePt3Si". Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.027003. PMID 14753961. Bibcode: 2004PhRvL..92b7003B. 
  3. ↑ Mathur, N.D.; Grosche, F.M.; Julian, S.R.; Walker, I.R.; Freye, D.M.; Haselwimmer, R.K.W.; Lonzarich, G.G. (1998). "Magnetically mediated superconductivity in heavy fermion compounds". Nature 394 (6688): 39. doi:10.1038/27838. Bibcode: 1998Natur.394...39M. 
  4. ↑ Ott, H.R.; Rudigier, H.; Fisk, Z.; Smith, J.L. (1983). "UBe13: An Unconventional Actinide Superconductor". Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 (20): 1595. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.1595. Bibcode: 1983PhRvL..50.1595O. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/18w6w653. 
  5. ↑ Stewart, G.R.; Fisk, Z.; Willis, J.O.; Smith, J.L. (1984). "Possibility of Coexistence of Bulk Superconductivity and Spin Fluctuations in UPt3". Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 (8): 679. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.679. Bibcode: 1984PhRvL..52..679S. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6px8s7q3. 
  6. ↑ Palstra, T. T. M. and Menovsky, A. A. and Berg, J. van den and Dirkmaat, A. J. and Kes, P. H. and Nieuwenhuys, G. J. and Mydosh, J. A. (1985). "Superconducting and Magnetic Transitions in the Heavy-Fermion System URu2Si2". Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (24): 2727–2730. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.55.2727. PMID 10032222. Bibcode: 1985PhRvL..55.2727P. https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/ade9b7b6-f4eb-4973-bfbe-7837626183c0. 
  7. ↑ Geibel, C.; Schank, C.; Thies, S.; Kitazawa, H.; Bredl, C.D.; Böhm, A.; Rau, M.; Grauel, A. et al. (1991). "Heavy-fermion superconductivity at Tc=2K in the antiferromagnet UPd2Al3". Z. Phys. B 84 (1): 1. doi:10.1007/BF01453750. Bibcode: 1991ZPhyB..84....1G. 
  8. ↑ Geibel, C.; Thies, S.; Kaczorowski, D.; Mehner, A.; Grauel, A.; Seidel, B.; Ahlheim, U.; Helfrich, R. et al. (1991). "A new heavy-fermion superconductor: UNi2Al3". Z. Phys. B 83 (3): 305. doi:10.1007/BF01313397. Bibcode: 1991ZPhyB..83..305G. 
  9. ↑ Aoki, Dai; Haga, Yoshinori; D. Matsuda, Tatsuma; Tateiwa, Naoyuki; Ikeda, Shugo; Homma, Yoshiya; Sakai, Hironori; Shiokawa, Yoshinobu et al. (15 June 2007). "Unconventional Heavy-Fermion Superconductivity of a New Transuranium Compound NpPd 5 Al 2". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 76 (6). doi:10.1143/JPSJ.76.063701. 
  10. ↑ Sarrao, J. L.; Morales, L. A.; Thompson, J. D.; Scott, B. L.; Stewart, G. R.; Wastin, F.; Rebizant, J.; Boulet, P. et al. (November 2002). "Plutonium-based superconductivity with a transition temperature above 18 K". Nature 420 (6913): 297–299. doi:10.1038/nature01212. 
  11. ↑ Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics
  12. ↑ Pfleiderer, C. (2009). "Superconducting phases of f -electron compounds". Reviews of Modern Physics 81 (4): 1551–1624. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.81.1551. Bibcode: 2009RvMP...81.1551P. 
  13. ↑ Matsuda, Yuji; Shimahara, Hiroshi (2007). "Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in Heavy Fermion Superconductors". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (5). doi:10.1143/JPSJ.76.051005. Bibcode: 2007JPSJ...76e1005M. 
  14. ↑ Bianchi, A.; Movshovich, R.; Capan, C.; Pagliuso, P.G.; Sarrao, J.L. (2003). "Possible Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in CeCoIn5". Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (18). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.187004. PMID 14611309. Bibcode: 2003PhRvL..91r7004B. 

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