Physics:List of VLF-transmitters
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A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.
List of VLF transmissions
Name / Call sign | Location | Frequency | Coordinates | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
NOV Alpha Transmitter Novosibirsk | Bolotnoye, Bolotninsky District, Russia | 11.905 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 55°45′22″N 84°26′52.4″E / 55.75611°N 84.447889°E | Alpha-Navigation |
KRA Alpha Transmitter Krasnodar | Poltavskaya, Krasnoarmeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | 12.649 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 45°24′12″N 38°09′29″E / 45.40333°N 38.15806°E | Alpha-Navigation, also RJH63 |
KOM Alpha Transmitter Komsomolskamur | Khabarovsk, Russia | 12.649 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 50°04′24″N 136°36′24″E / 50.07333°N 136.60667°E | Alpha-Navigation |
MUR Alpha Transmitter Murmansk | Revda, Russia | 12.649 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 68°02′8″N 34°41′00″E / 68.03556°N 34.6833333°E | Alpha-Navigation |
ASH Alpha Transmitter Ashkabad | Seydi, Türkmenabat, Turkmenistan | 12.649 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 39°28′16″N 62°43′07″E / 39.47111°N 62.71861°E | Alpha-Navigation |
LaMoure - Omega Station D | LaMoure, North Dakota, USA | 12.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°21′58″N 98°20′08″W / 46.365987°N 98.335667°W | now operated by US Navy on 25.2 kHz |
Monte Grande Radio Station | Monte Grande, Argentina | 17.33 kHz, 23.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 34°45′27″S 58°30′33″W / 34.757502°S 58.509128°W | Appears derelict. 718 Foot (219 meter) towers |
HWU | Rosnay, France | 15.1 kHz, 18.3 kHz, 21.75 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°42′51″N 1°14′40″E / 46.714119°N 1.244309°E | 1171 foot (357 meter) tower |
Zendmast Ruiselede | Ruiselede, Belgium | 16.2 kHz 51.25 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 51°04′52″N 3°20′34″E / 51.08111°N 3.34278°E | used before World War II three 287 metres, today active on higher frequency with an antenna of four masts with heights of 121 and 122 metres |
JXN | Gildeskål, Norway | 16.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 66°58′56″N 13°52′21″E / 66.982337°N 13.872471°E | 7,759-foot (2,365 m) valley-span antenna |
VTX | Vijayanarayanam, India | 17.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 8°23′13″N 77°45′07″E / 8.387°N 77.752°E | 1545 foot (471 meter) tower |
SAQ | Grimeton, Varberg, Sweden | 17.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 57°06′50″N 12°24′16″E / 57.113958°N 12.404425°E | Only active at special occasions (Alexanderson Day) |
NAA | Cutler, Maine, USA | 17.8 kHz, 24.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 44°38′40″N 67°17′04″W / 44.644506°N 67.284565°W | 997 ft (304 meter) tall |
RDL | Krasnodar, Russia | 18.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 44°46′24″N 39°32′50″E / 44.77333°N 39.54722°E | 425 metres tall central tower |
INS Kattabomman | Vijayanarayanam, India | 18.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 8°23′13″N 77°45′02″E / 8.3869497°N 77.7505891°E | |
GQD | Anthorn, Cumbria, UK | 19.58 kHz, 22.10 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 54°54′42″N 3°16′43″W / 54.911683°N 3.278738°W | 13 towers, 745-foot (227 m) tall |
NWC | Exmouth, Western Australia | 19.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 21°48′59″S 114°09′56″E / 21.816325°S 114.16546°E | 389 metres tall central tower |
ICV | Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) | 20.27 kHz, 20.76 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 40°55′22″N 9°43′55″E / 40.922889°N 9.732052°E | Valley-span antenna fixed on 133 metres and 114 metres tall masts |
RJH69 | Vileyka, Belarus | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 54°27′48″N 26°46′33″E / 54.463204°N 26.775827°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
RJH77 | Archangelsk, Russia | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 64°21′38″N 41°34′07″E / 64.360491°N 41.568489°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
RJH99 | Nizhny Novgorod, Russia | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 56°10′19″N 43°55′54″E / 56.171945°N 43.931667°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
RJH66 | Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 43°02′22″N 73°36′45″E / 43.039444°N 73.6125°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
RAB99 | Khabarovsk, Russia | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 48°29′08″N 134°49′24″E / 48.48555°N 134.82333°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
RJH63 | Martanskaya, Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | 20.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 44°46′25″N 39°32′50″E / 44.773640°N 39.547262°E | Time signal transmitter Beta |
NPM | Lualualei, Hawaii, USA | 21.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 21°25′13″N 158°09′14″W / 21.420382°N 158.153912°W | 1,503-foot (458 m) tower installed 1972, since the collapse of Warsaw radio mast tallest structure insulated against ground |
GVT[1] | Skelton, Cumbria, UK | 22.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 54°43′55″N 2°53′00″W / 54.731929°N 2.883359°W | 1,198 foot (365-meter) tower |
JJI | Ebino, Japan | 22.2 kHz or 22.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 32°05′32″N 130°49′45″E / 32.092247°N 130.829095°E | Antenna on 8 masts with a height of 270 metres |
DHO38 | Rhauderfehn, Germany | 23.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 53°05′14″N 7°36′31″E / 53.087341°N 7.608652°E | 8 masts with a height of 352.9 metres, submarine communication |
NLK (Jim Creek) | Seattle, Washington (USA) | 24.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 48°12′13″N 121°55′01″W / 48.203633°N 121.916828°W | valley-span antenna |
Mokpo, South Korea[1] | 24.1 kHz,[2] 25.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 34°40′56″N 126°26′49″E / 34.682222°N 126.446944°E | ||
NML LaMoure US Navy Transmitter | LaMoure, North Dakota, USA | 25.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°21′58″N 98°20′08″W / 46.365987°N 98.335667°W | 1,148-foot (350 m) tower |
Denizkoy VLF Transmitter TBB | Bafa, Didim district, Turkey | 26.7 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 37°24′34″N 27°19′31″E / 37.409420°N 27.325273°E | Two 1,247-foot (380 m) towers, built about 2000. |
Dimona Radar Facility | Dimona, Israel | 29.7 kHz, 26.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 30°58′33″N 35°05′55″E / 30.975696°N 35.098668°E | Two 1300 foot (400 meter) tall towers |
Goedverwacht Transmitting Station | Cape Town, South Africa | [ ⚑ ] 33°47′14″S 18°41′41″E / 33.787289°S 18.694761°E | ||
TFK | Grindavík, Iceland | 37.6 kHz (37.5 kHz center) | [ ⚑ ] 63°51′03″N 22°27′06″W / 63.850833°N 22.451667°W | 1,000 ft (304.8-meter) tower |
JJY | Otakadoyayama Transmitter, Tamura, Japan | 40.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 37°22′21″N 140°50′56″E / 37.372557°N 140.849007°E | Time signal |
SRC | Grimeton, Sweden | 40.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 57°06′50″N 12°24′16″E / 57.113958°N 12.404425°E | Shares antenna with SAQ, used for encrypted messages to Swedish Navy |
NAU Naval Communications Station Puerto Rico | Aguada, Puerto Rico, USA | 40.75 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 18°23′56″N 67°10′39″W / 18.398775°N 67.177486°W | 1,205-foot (367 m) tower |
NSY[3] | Niscemi, Italy | 45.9 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 37°07′32″N 14°26′11″E / 37.125654°N 14.436325°E | US Navy, 252 metres tall mast |
SXA | Kato Souli, Marathon, Greece | 49.0 kHz[3] | [ ⚑ ] 38°08′43″N 24°01′11″E / 38.145186°N 24.019703°E | 820 foot (250 meter) tower |
NPG | Dixon, California, USA | 55.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 38°22′17″N 121°46′32″W / 38.371505°N 121.775569°W | 2 masts 194.2 metres tall, submarine communications[4] |
LBH | Gossa, Norway | 57.7 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 62°47′09″N 6°54′03″E / 62.785927°N 6.90083°E | 200 metres tall mast |
WWVB | Fort Collins, Colorado, USA | 60.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 40°40′41″N 105°02′49″W / 40.678056°N 105.046944°W | Time signal |
JJY | Haganeyama Transmitter, Saga, Japan | 60.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 33°27′56″N 130°10′32″E / 33.465539°N 130.175516°E | Time signal |
MSF | Anthorn Radio Station, Anthorn, UK | 60.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 54°55′N 3°17′W / 54.91°N 3.28°W | Time signal |
Italian Navy | Rome, Italy | 65.25 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 41°58′32″N 12°21′34″W / 41.975452°N 12.359494°W | 150 metres tall masts |
RBU | Moscow, Russia | 66.666 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 55°43′50″N 38°09′09″E / 55.730481°N 38.152471°E | Time signal |
RBU | Taldom, Russia | 66.666 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 56°44′00″N 37°39′48″E / 56.733333°N 37.663333°E | Time signal |
BPC | Pucheng, China | 68.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 34°56′54″N 109°32′34″E / 34.948333°N 109.542778°E | Time signal |
BSF | Guishan, Taiwan | 77.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 25°00′20″N 121°21′54″E / 25.005556°N 121.365°E | Time signal |
DCF77 | Mainflingen, Mainhausen, Germany | 77.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 50°00′51″N 9°00′41″E / 50.014234°N 9.011487°E | a major time signal in Europe |
SAS2 | Gudinge, Lövstabruk, Sweden | 42.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 60°31′27″N 18°00′44″E / 60.524275°N 18.012192°E | 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast |
Tving, Sweden | [ ⚑ ] 56°16′30″N 15°29′16″E / 56.275050°N 15.487858°E | 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast | ||
RNAS Rattray (MKL, GYW1) | Crimond, UK | 82.8 kHz, 51.95 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 57°37′03″N 1°53′15″W / 57.617467°N 1.887617°W | tallest mast 274.3 metres high, site now home to a high frequency transmitter station forming part of the Defence High Frequency Communications Service |
RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar) (GIZ20) | Inskip, UK | 61.84 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 53°49′48″N 2°50′03″W / 53.830074°N 2.834262°W | VLF transmissions of Morse code to ships close to U.K. in the 1980s; now used as a military high frequency radio transmitting station |
FTA2 | Saint Assise, France | 16.9 kHz,[5] 20.9 kHz[1] | [ ⚑ ] 48°32′42″N 2°34′35″E / 48.544910°N 2.576294°E | |
La Regine (FUG) | Villemagne, France | 62.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 43°23′12″N 2°05′51″E / 43.386781°N 2.097364°E | [6] |
Kerlouan transmitter (FUE) | Kerlouan, France | 62.6 kHz, 65.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 48°38′16″N 4°21′03″W / 48.637736°N 4.350769°W | |
3SB[7] | Datong, China | 20.6 kHz, 10.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 39°56′35″N 113°14′52″E / 39.942959°N 113.247886°E | |
3SA | Changde, China | 20.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 29°35′24″N 110°44′19″E / 29.589879°N 110.738701°E | valley-spun antenna |
REN | Guardamar del Segura, Spain | 145.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 38°04′19″N 0°39′53″W / 38.071871°N 0.664625°W |
Demolished
Name / Call sign | Location | Frequency | Coordinates | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trinidad - Omega Station B | Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago | 12.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 10°41′59″N 61°38′18″W / 10.699738°N 61.638386°W | valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976 |
Paynesville - Omega Station B | Paynesville, Liberia | 12.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 6°18′20″N 10°39′43″W / 6.305442°N 10.662068°W | 1,368-foot (417 m) tower demolished in 2011 |
Kaneohe - Omega Station C | Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA | 11.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 21°24′17″N 157°49′51″W / 21.404811°N 157.830834°W | 5,000-foot (1,500 m) valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain |
Bratland - Omega Station A (LEA) | Brattland, Norway | 12.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 66°25′10″N 13°07′48″E / 66.419323°N 13.129950°E | 11,500-foot (3,500 m) valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains |
Plaine Chabrier - Omega Station E | Saint-Paul, Reunion Island | 12.3 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 20°58′27″S 55°17′24″E / 20.974153°S 55.289973°E | 1,404-foot (428 m) tower demolished in 1999 |
Golfo Nuevo - Omega Station F | Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina | 12.9 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 43°03′13″S 65°11′27″W / 43.053524°S 65.190763°W | 1,201-foot (366 m) tower demolished in 1998 |
Woodside - Omega Station G (VL3DEF) | Woodside, Victoria, Australia | 13.0 kHz, 18.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 38°28′53″S 146°56′07″E / 38.481268°S 146.935326°E | 1,417-foot (432 m) foot tower demolished in 2015 |
Shushi-Wan - Omega Station H | Tsushima Island, Japan | 12.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 34°36′53″N 129°27′14″E / 34.614763°N 129.453830°E | 1,276-foot (389 m) foot tower dismantled in 1998 |
GBZ Criggion | Criggion, Wales, UK | 15.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°43′21″N 3°03′47″W / 52.72246°N 3.06295°W | towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains |
Kahuku Marconi Transmitter | Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA | 16.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 21°42′22″N 157°58′23″W / 21.7062°N 157.9731°W | shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain |
Coltano transmitting station | Coltano, Italy | [ ⚑ ] 43°38′59″N 10°24′31″E / 43.649841°N 10.408634°E | 4 masts with a height of 250 metres, destroyed at the end of World War II | |
Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter | Waunfawr, Wales, UK | 21.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 53°07′26″N 4°11′37″W / 53.1239°N 4.1935°W | Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains |
Radio Kootwijk | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 24 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°10′24″N 5°49′08″E / 52.173414°N 5.818857°E | last mast demolished in 1980, iconic transmitter building remains |
Table Head Marconi Transmitter | Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°12′40″N 59°57′09″W / 46.21118°N 59.9525°W | dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904 |
Marconi Towers Transmitter | Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°09′17″N 59°56′44″W / 46.1547273°N 59.9455246°W | closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain. |
Marion Marconi Transmitter | Marion, Massachusetts, USA | 25.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 41°42′47″N 70°46′29″W / 41.7131401°N 70.7748406°W | shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain |
New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter | New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA | 21.8 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 40°30′55″N 74°29′20″W / 40.51529°N 74.48895°W | shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains |
Bolinas Marconi Transmitter | Bolinas, California. USA | 19.2 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 37°54′47″N 122°43′42″W / 37.913°N 122.72825°W | shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain |
RCA Radio Central | Rocky Point, New York, USA | 18.3 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 40°55′26″N 72°56′08″W / 40.92379°N 72.9356°W | last VLF tower demolished in 1977 |
NSS Annapolis | Annapolis, Maryland, USA | 21.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 38°58′40″N 76°27′12″W / 38.977778°N 76.453333°W | shut down in 1996, 1,200-foot (370 m) tower demolished in 1999, three 600-foot (180 m) towers remain |
Forestport Tower | Forestport, New York, USA | [ ⚑ ] 43°26′41″N 75°05′10″W / 43.44485337°N 75.0861464°W | 1,205-foot (367 m) tower demolished in 1998 | |
Tuckerton Transmitter | Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA | 22.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 39°33′31″N 74°22′14″W / 39.558495°N 74.370570°W | shut down 1948, 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains |
Silver Creek Communications Annex | Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA | [ ⚑ ] 41°20′46″N 97°43′18″W / 41.3461996°N 97.72176109°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower demolished in 1995. Building remains. | |
Hawes Radio Relay Facility | Hinkley, California, USA | [ ⚑ ] 34°55′03″N 117°22′37″W / 34.9174009°N 117.377046654°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower and all buildings demolished in 1986 | |
GBR | Rugby, UK | 16.0 kHz 60 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°22′02″N 1°11′19″W / 52.367290°N 1.188524°W | shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007 |
JAP | Yosami, Kariya, Aichi, Japan | 17.442 kHz[8] | [ ⚑ ] 34°58′17″N 137°01′01″E / 34.971474°N 137.017018°E | 250m masts, demolished |
NBA Summit Naval Radio Station[9] | Summit, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama | 18.6 kHz, 24.0 kHz[10] | [ ⚑ ] 9°04′12″N 79°38′00″W / 9.0699425°N 79.6333477°W | megawatt naval VLF station, demolished |
NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Station | Cavite, Philippines | 21.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 14°29′42″N 120°54′29″E / 14.495°N 120.908°E | Three 600-foot (180 m) VLF towers demolished after World War II |
Malabar Radio Station | Malabar, Indonesia | [ ⚑ ] 7°06′59″S 107°36′22″E / 7.116281°S 107.606183°E | valley span-antenna, demolished | |
NPM | Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA | 26.1 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 21°21′00″N 157°57′50″W / 21.35°N 157.964°W | Three 600-foot (180 m) towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936 |
NPL Chollas Heights | San Diego, California, USA | 30.6 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 32°44′26″N 117°03′51″W / 32.74063°N 117.0643°W | ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains |
Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station | Sayville, New York, USA | 38.4 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 40°44′37″N 73°06′12″W / 40.7437°N 73.1033°W | 477-foot (145 m) tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain. |
Karlsborg transmitter | Karlsborg, Sweden | 49.55 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 58°29′13″N 14°28′09″E / 58.4870111°N 14.4691833°E | Two 689-foot (210 m) masts demolished in 2001 |
NAA Arlington | Arlington, Virginia, USA | 50.0 kHz, etc | [ ⚑ ] 38°52′04″N 77°04′45″W / 38.867820°N 77.0791°W | towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain. |
RKS Liblice 1 (OMA) | Liblice, Czech | 50.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 50°04′20″N 14°52′51″E / 50.072249°N 14.880810°E | demolished in 2004 |
OLB5 | Poděbrady, Czech | 50.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 50°08′16″N 15°08′40″E / 50.137793°N 15.144331°E | shutdown in 1995 |
FTA50 | Saint-André-de-Corcy, France | 50.75 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 45°55′44″N 4°56′09″E / 45.928825°N 4.935737°E | demolished |
Hürup Navy Transmitter | Hürup, Germany | 53 kHz 68,9 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 54°45′38″N 9°32′58″E / 54.760504°N 9.549544°E | 3 masts, each 160 metres tall, shut-down in 2002 |
Neuharlingersiel Navy Transmitter | Neuharlingersiel, Germany | 53 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 53°40′40″N 7°36′43″E / 53.677881°N 7.612077°E | 3 masts, two 164 metres tall and one 171 metres tall, since 2004 no VLF/LF-transmissions |
Clifden Marconi Transmitter | Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland | 54.5 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 53°27′03″N 10°02′35″W / 53.4508506°N 10.0430238°W | demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain |
Bad Deutsch-Altenburg transmitter | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria | 73.85 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 48°06′22″N 16°55′13″E / 48.106176°N 16.920359°E | Three 100 metres tall masts, demolished in the 1980s |
HBG | Prangins, Switzerland | 75.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 46°24′30″N 6°15′10″E / 46.408422°N 6.252680°E | Demolished 2012 |
Székesfehérvár transmitter | Székesfehérvár, Hungary | 77.82 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 47°09′10″N 18°23′43″E / 47.152844°N 18.395201°E | Two 152 metres masts demolished in 2009 |
Münchenbuchsee transmitter | Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland | 82.05 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 47°00′53″N 7°26′37″E / 47.014617°N 7.443483°E | One 125 metres and two 92 metres towers demolished in 1983 |
Dübendorf transmitter | Dübendorf, Switzerland | [ ⚑ ] 47°24′32″N 8°37′54″E / 47.408820°N 8.631778°E | 122 metres tall mast, demolished | |
Globecom Tower (XPH) | Thule, Greenland | 68.9 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 76°33′11″N 68°33′03″W / 76.553133°N 68.5507134°W | 1,241-foot (378 m) tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992 |
Radom longwave transmitter (SOA, SNA) | Radom - Wacyn, Poland | 55.75, 58.25, 62.45, 64.9, 76.35, 80.5, 81.35 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 51°24′34″N 21°07′02″E / 51.409332°N 21.117214°E | shut-down, one mast today used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, the others demolished |
Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza (AXO, AXL) | Babice, Warsaw, Poland | 14.29, 16.4, 17.7, 18.65 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°15′59″N 20°52′48″E / 52.266412°N 20.879892°E | Alexanderson alternator, destroyed on January 16, 1945 by the army of Nazi Germany[11][12] |
Eilvese | Eilvese, Germany | 20, 30, 96 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°32′47″N 9°24′53″E / 52.546389°N 9.414722°E | 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished in 1931 |
Königs Wusterhausen | Königs Wusterhausen, Germany | 69.7 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°18′15″N 13°36′41″E / 52.304277°N 13.611326°E | demolished |
Kamina Funkstation | Kamina, Atakpamé, Togo | [ ⚑ ] 7°56′00″N 0°51′00″E / 7.933333°N 0.85°E | destroyed | |
Herzogstand | Herzogstand, Germany | [ ⚑ ] 47°37′44″N 11°19′20″E / 47.628889°N 11.322222°E | experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished | |
Goliath | Kalbe, Germany | 16.55 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 52°40′09″N 11°25′19″E / 52.669218°N 11.421890°E | removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia as RJH90 |
Nauen Transmitter Station | Nauen, Germany | [ ⚑ ] 52°38′53″N 12°54′30″E / 52.647959°N 12.908292°E | 872-foot (266 m) tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains | |
SRC[13] | Ruda, Sweden | 44.2, 40.0 kHz | [ ⚑ ] 57°07′13″N 16°09′11″E / 57.120331°N 16.153111°E | 659 foot, 201-metre tall mast, demolished 2020 |
Lafayette Radio Station | Marcheprime, France | [ ⚑ ] 44°42′31″N 0°48′49″W / 44.708611°N 0.813611°W | destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944 | |
Basse-Lande transmitter | Brains, France | [ ⚑ ] 47°10′15″N 1°41′42″W / 47.170749°N 1.694947°W | destroyed |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Ross, Johnathan P. J. (July 2019). "An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region". Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 124 (7): 5246–5259. doi:10.1029/2019JA026715. Bibcode: 2019JGRA..124.5246M. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/224769021.pdf.
- ↑ A S Poletaev; D A Chensky; A G Chensky (2019). "Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series (International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”: IOP Publishing) 1384 (1): 012042. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042. Bibcode: 2019JPhCS1384a2042P.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "VLF Transmitters List". https://sidstation.loudet.org/stations-list-en.xhtml.
- ↑ "MW List". https://www.mwlist.org/vlf.php.
- ↑ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz". http://www.vlf.it/trond2/15-20khz.html.
- ↑ "VLF station la Régine (French Navy)". http://wikimapia.org/6604067/VLF-station-La-R%C3%A9gine-French-Navy.
- ↑ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz". http://www.vlf.it/trond2/20-25khz.html.
- ↑ "Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters". https://www.navy-radio.com/xmtr-vlf.htm.
- ↑ "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". https://www.navy-radio.com/commsta/balboa.htm.
- ↑ "NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experiment/display.action?id=1965-101A-01.
- ↑ "Nadajnik Babice" (in PL). http://www.nadajnik-babice.pl/.
- ↑ "Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza" (in PL). http://trcn.pl/.
- ↑ "IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz". http://ik4hdq.net/doc/0to5MHz.htm.
![]() | Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of VLF-transmitters.
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