Place:Greater China
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"Greater China" is an informal term describing a geographical area sharing cultural and economic ties with the Chinese people.[1][2][3][4] The notion contains a "great deal of ambiguity in its geographical coverage and politico-economic implications",[5] because some users use it to refer to "the commercial ties among ethnic Chinese, whereas others are more interested in cultural interactions, and still others in the prospects for political reunification" [6] but usually refers to an area encompassing Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, places where the majority population is culturally Chinese.[7][8][9] Some analysts may also include places which have predominantly ethnic Chinese population such as Singapore. The term can be generalised to encompass "linkages among regional Chinese communities".[10][11] The term's usage is contested; some observers in Taiwan characterise the term as harmful or a conflation of distinct polities and markets,[4] while the Chinese government has avoided it, either to allay fears of its economic expansionism or to avoid suggesting Taiwan and the People's Republic of China are on equal footing. Australian sinologist Wang Gungwu has characterised the concept as a "myth", and "wrong" if applied to overseas Chinese communities.[12]
Usage
Multinational corporations frequently use the term when naming their headquarters in the region. For example, Procter & Gamble uses the term to name its regional headquarters in Guangzhou that also operates in Hong Kong and Taipei;[13] Apple Inc. uses it when referring to its regional headquarters in Shanghai.[14][15]
The term is often used to avoid invoking sensitivities over the political status of Taiwan.[16] Contrastingly, it has been used in reference to Chinese irredentism in nationalist contexts, such as the notion that China should reclaim its "lost territories" to create a Greater China.[17][18]
History
The term has been used for a long time, but with differing scopes and connotations.
During the 1930s, George Cressey, an American academic who did work for the US State Department throughout his career, used the term to refer to the entirety of the territory controlled by the Qing dynasty, as opposed to China proper.[19] Usage by the United States on government maps in the 1940s as a political term included territories claimed by the Republic of China that were part of the previous Qing Empire, or geographically to refer to topographical features associated with China that may or may not have lain entirely within Chinese political borders.[19]
The concept began to appear again in Chinese-language sources in the late 1970s, referring to the growing commercial ties between the mainland and Hong Kong, with the possibility of extending these to Taiwan, with perhaps the first such reference being in a Taiwanese journal Changqiao in 1979.[19]
The English term subsequently re-emerged in the 1980s to refer to the growing economic ties between the regions as well as the possibility of political unification.[19] It is not an institutionalized entity such as the EU, ASEAN, or AU. The concept is a generalization to group several markets seen to be closely linked economically and does not imply sovereignty.[16] The concept does not always include Taiwan, for instance Cisco uses "Greater China and Taiwan" to refer to the market.[20]
See also
- Adoption of Chinese literary culture
- Bamboo network
- Chinese expansionism
- Chinese irredentism
- Chinese nationalism
- Sinosphere
- Nanyang
- History of China
- List of tributaries of China
- Nine-dash line
- Sinocentrism
- Sinophone
- Greater Britain
References
- ↑ "Pact row could harm Greater China economic integration: ANZ". Focus Taiwan. 2 April 2014. http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201404020006.aspx.
- ↑ MTV Channels In Southeast Asia and Greater China To Exclusively Air The Youth Inaugural Ball – MTV Asia
- ↑ 1 June 2008, Universal Music Group realigns presence in Greater China , Television Asia
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lee, James (6 August 2021). "'Greater China' is a harmful myth". https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2021/08/06/2003762109.
- ↑ Huang, Jianli (2010). "Conceptualizing Chinese Migration and Chinese Overseas: The Contribution of Wang Gungwu". Journal of Chinese Overseas: 12.
- ↑ Harding, Henry (1993). "The concept of "Greater China": Themes, variations and reservations". The China Quarterly 136: 660–686. doi:10.1017/S030574100003229X.
- ↑ William, Yat Wai Lo (2016). "The concept of greater China in higher education: adoptions, dynamics and implications". Comparative Education 52: 26–43. doi:10.1080/03050068.2015.1125613. "This term can be narrowly defined as referring to a geographic concept that consists of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macau Special Administrative Region, where ethnic Chinese comprise the majority of the population. In this sense, the term is used to describe the ethnic and the associated political, economic and cultural ties among these Chinese societies (Harding 1993; Cheung 2013).".
- ↑ "Apple overtakes Lenovo in China sales". Financial Times. 18 August 2011. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/af5dbc86-c977-11e0-9eb8-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1eCA9hvjd.
- ↑ "《路透晚报》4月29日日间新闻摘要（大中华区）". 29 April 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/《路透晚报》-4月29日日间新闻摘要大中华区-idCNL3S22B0EP.
- ↑ William, Yat Wai Lo (2016). "The concept of greater China in higher education: adoptions, dynamics and implications". Comparative Education 52: 26–43. doi:10.1080/03050068.2015.1125613. "However, some analysts see the Greater China concept as a way to summarise 'the linkages among the fair-flung international Chinese community', thereby incorporating Singapore and overseas Chinese communities in their usage of the term (Harding 1993, 660; also see Wang 1993).".
- ↑ Harding, Harry (December 1993). "The Concept of "Greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations*" (in en). The China Quarterly 136: 660–686. doi:10.1017/S030574100003229X. ISSN 1468-2648. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/concept-of-greater-china-themes-variations-and-reservations/FAED34F84F7A8CF25CB3328991218293.
- ↑ He, Henry Yuhuai (2001). Dictionary of the Political Thought of the People's Republic of China. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 47–48.
- ↑ "P&G in Greater China" (in en). https://www.pgcareers.com/location-greaterchina.
- ↑ "Isabel Ge Mahe named Apple's managing director of Greater China". Apple Newsroom. https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/07/isabel-ge-mahe-named-apple-managing-director-of-greater-china/.
- ↑ Mickle, Andrew Dowell and Tripp (14 March 2020). "Apple Closes All Its Stores Outside China Over Coronavirus". https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-closes-all-its-stores-outside-china-over-coronavirus-11584172214.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Aretz, Tilman (2007). The greater China factbook. Taipei: Taiwan Elite Press. ISBN 978-986-7762-97-9. OCLC 264977502. http://www.books.com.tw/exep/prod/booksfile.php?item=0010380377.
- ↑ Tseng, Hui-Yi (2017). Revolution, State Succession, International Treaties and the Diaoyu/Diaoyutai Islands. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 9781443893688.
- ↑ Kim, Samuel S. (1979). China, the United Nations, and World Order. Princeton University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9780691100760. https://archive.org/details/chinaunitednatio0000kims/page/43.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Harding, Harry (December 1993). "The Concept of 'Greater China': Themes, Variations and Reservations". The China Quarterly 136 (136, Special Issue: Greater China): 660–686. doi:10.1017/S030574100003229X.
- ↑ "The Rundown: Pegatron's Tesla Ambitions, Tech Sector Bonuses, and Cisco's New Software Center". Taiwan Topics. 18 January 2021. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2021/01/january-rundowns-business-w2/.
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