Place:New Administrative Capital

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Short description: City in Cairo Governorate, Egypt
New Administrative Capital

العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة
City
New Administrative Capital in June 2023
New Administrative Capital in June 2023
New Administrative Capital is located in Egypt
New Administrative Capital
New Administrative Capital
Coordinates: [ ⚑ ] : 30°01′39″N 31°45′54″E / 30.0275°N 31.765°E / 30.0275; 31.765
Country Egypt
FounderAbdel Fattah el-Sisi
Area
 (as planned)
 • City centre5.6 km2 (2.2 sq mi)
 • Urban
714 km2 (276 sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EST)
Major airportsCapital International Airport
AbbreviationNAC
Websiteacud.eg

The New Administrative Capital (NAC)[1][2] (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015.[3] It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015.[4] The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030.[5]

The new capital of Egypt has yet to be given a name. A competition was launched on the new capital's website to choose a new name and logo for the city. A jury of specialists was formed to evaluate the proposals submitted to list and determine the best among all the proposals.[6][7] No official results have yet been announced by the Egyptian Government. In October 2021, transportation minister Kamel al-Wazir indicated the city might be named "Masr," the Arabic equivalent of "Egypt."[8] Other proposed names include "Kemet," "Al Mustaqbal," and "Al Salam."[9]

The new city is to be located 45 kilometres (28 miles) east of Cairo and just outside the Second Greater Cairo Ring Road, in a largely undeveloped area halfway to the seaport city of Suez. According to the plans, the city will become the new administrative and financial capital of Egypt, housing the main government departments and ministries and foreign embassies. On 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) total area, it is expected to house a population of 6.5 million people, though it is estimated that the figure could rise to seven million.[10][11]

Officially, a major reason for the undertaking of the project was to relieve congestion in Cairo, which is already one of the world's most crowded cities, with the population of Greater Cairo expected to double in the next few decades.[12][13] Cairo has a metro population of nearly 20 million. There is also a training stage for the World Cup in Shooting in the administrative capital.[14][15][16]

Plans

The Governmental district of Egypt

The city is planned to consist of a government administrative district, a diplomatic quarter, a cultural district (opera and theatres), a central business district (CBD), parks (the 'green river'), and 21 residential districts.[17] The NAC is planned to be built in stages across the space of 170,000 feddans (714 km2/ 270 sq mi) with Phase 1 (2016 — ), covering over 40,000 feddans - less than a quarter of the land allocated for the city.

Some amenities planned for the city are a central park,[18] artificial lakes,[19] around 2,000 educational institutions,[11] technology and innovation park,[3] 18 hospitals,[11] 1,250 mosques and churches,[18] a 93,440-seat stadium, 40,000 hotel rooms,[11] a major theme park four times the size of Disneyland,[18] 90 square kilometers of solar energy farms and electric railway link with Cairo.[12][20][21][22]

It is being built as a smart city with over 6,000 cameras monitoring the streets and along with this authorities will be using AI to monitor water use and waste management, and residents will be able to submit complaints into a mobile app.[23][24]

Moving state institutions

It was originally planned that parliament, presidential palaces, government ministries and foreign embassies would be moved into the city between 2020 and 2022, but due to construction delays and COVID-19 the move of over 30,000 government employees was delayed to March 2023.[25][26][27] As of 5 May 2023, 14 ministries and government entities have relocated to the New Administrative Capital.[28]

It is planned to cost over US$100 million to move the government from Cairo to NAC but a full cost and timeline for the overall project has not yet been revealed.[22][29]

Feedback on former experiences of capital relocation was looked at, for instance by meeting with representatives from Astana, which replaced Almaty as the capital city of Kazakhstan in 1997.[30]

Finance and construction

New Administrative Capital 4.jpg
View of the government district
SkyView form the iconic tower, shows the tall minarets of Egypt's grand mosque and Cairo flagpole

SkyView form the iconic tower, shows the tall minarets of Egypt's grand mosque and Cairo flagpole



When the project was officially announced in March 2015, it was revealed that the Egyptian military had already begun building a road from Cairo to the site of the future capital.[3]

The proposed builder of the city was Capital City Partners, a private real estate investment firm led by Emirati businessman Mohamed Alabbar.[10] But in September 2015, Egypt cancelled the memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed with Alabbar during the March economic summit, since they did not make any progress with the proposed plans.[31]

In the same month Egypt signed a new MoU with China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) to "study building and financing" the administrative part of the new capital, which will include ministries, government agencies and the president's office.[32] However, CSCEC signed agreements with Egyptian authorities in 2017 to only develop the CBD.[33][34][35][36]

This left the Egyptian government to finance and manage most of the construction, setting up the Administrative Capital Urban Development Company (ACUD) on 21 April 2016, an Egyptian state owned enterprise (SOE) whose major shareholders are the Ministry of Defence (National Service Products Organisation and the Armed Forces Land Projects Authority) holding 51% by in-kind contribution of the land, and the Ministry of Housing's New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA), holding 49% of the shares via capital injection of EGP 20bn (US$2.2bn in 2016) and an authorised capital of EGP 204bn (US$22bn).[37][38][39]

ACUD manages the planning, subdivision, infrastructure construction and sale of land parcels in conjenction with the New Administrative Capital Development Authority affiliated to NUCA,[40] as the latter does with its other new towns.

State-owned construction company Arab Contractors was called for constructing the water supply and sewage lines to the new capital.[41] The company stated that the studies needed were done in August[when?] and it is supposed that the project will take 3 months to supply the city with the main services needed in order to prepare it for the construction work.[citation needed]

Notable buildings

Mosques and cathedrals

In January 2019, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi inaugurated a large-scale mosque and a cathedral.[42]

Al-Fattah al-Aleem Mosque

Al Fattah Al Aliem Mosque

Al-Fattah al-Aleem is a mega-mosque, the second largest of its kind in Egypt.[43]

The Islamic Cultural Center (Grand Mosque)

Egypt Grand Mosque

The Islamic Cultural Center (Grand Mosque) is the largest mosque in Africa. The mosque is built in the Mamluk style and is located on a hill overlooking the New Administrative Capital as the largest of mosque in Egypt and third largest in the Middle East.

The Nativity of Christ Cathedral

Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ

The Nativity of Christ is a mega-cathedral, the largest of its kind in Egypt and the Middle East.[42] The cathedral serves the city's Coptic Orthodox community.

Green River Park

"The green Nile" as the Egyptians called it while it was being made.

Egypt's central park, biggest city park in the world
Egypt's central park, biggest city park in the world

The Green River Park (also known as Capital Park) is an urban park planned to extend along the entirety of the new capital, representing the Nile river. It is expected to be 35 kilometres (22 mi) long, aiming to be double the size of New York's Central Park. The initial phase of the park will be of about the first 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and is under construction.[44][45]

The Octagon

The Octagon (State's Strategic Leadership Centre) is Egypt's new Ministry of Defense headquarters. The complex is considered the largest of its kind in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world, much like The Pentagon in the United States of America.[46][47]

Capital International Airport

The Capital International Airport is the airport for Egypt's new capital, intended to relieve pressure on Cairo International Airport, serving Cairo, and the Sphinx International Airport, near the Giza Pyramids, serving Giza.[48][49]

Egypt International Olympic City

File:Olympic City of the New Administrative Capital 06.jpg
Egypt International Olympic Games City in 2023

A whole "city/village" built as a sports complex for the country's possible bids for the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup with more than 22 sporting facilities, one of them is the fourth biggest football stadium in the world. The New Administrative Capital Stadium (also known as Sports City Stadium) is a sports stadium that part of the Olympic Games City and opened in 2024 with a capacity of over 93,900 people; it is the largest stadium in Egypt and the second largest in Africa. The stadium is expected to replace the Cairo International Stadium as the new national stadium.[50][51]

Central business district

Skyscrapers and towers under construction

Skyscrapers and towers

Iconic Tower

Over 30 skyscrapers are under construction, including the Iconic Tower, set to be Egypt and Africa's largest skyscraper.[52]

Towers_of_the_CBD_of_the_NAC_of_Egypt_03

MU10

[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]

Rank Name Usage Max height Roof height Floors Started Construction status Total area Notes
1 The Iconic Tower[60][61] Hotel, office and residential 393.8 m (1,292 ft) 382.2 m (1,254 ft)[62] 80 2019 Topped out 260,000 m2 (2,798,617 sq ft)[62] Africa's tallest building
2 D01[63] Administrative and residential 196 m (643 ft) 49 2018 116,621 m2 (1,255,298 sq ft) Africa's tallest residential building[63]
3 C01 Office and administrative 190 m (623 ft) ? 39
4 C04 170 m (558 ft) 34
5 C07[64] 160 m (525 ft) 31
6 C08[64] 31
7 C11 155 m (509 ft) 27
8 C12 27
9 D02 Administrative and residential 150 m (492 ft) 44 Under construction
10 D03 44
12 D04 135 m (443 ft) 40
13 D05 120 m (394 ft) 38
14 C05 Office and administrative 95 m (312 ft) ? 18 Topped out
15 C06 18
16 C02 85 m (279 ft) 16
17 C03 16
18 C09 Hotel and office towers 55 m (180 ft) 9 Luxury five star hotel
19 C10 9

MU07

Name Usage Max height Roof height Floors Started Construction status Developer
Capital Diamond Tower [65] Mixed-use 240 m (787 ft) 62 2021 Under construction Amazon Holding developments
Infinity Tower[66][67] 200 m (656 ft) 40 Infinity for Urban Development
East Tower[68][69][70] 180 m (591 ft) ? 45 2022 UC Developments
6ixty Iconic Tower[71] 44 AlBorouj Masr
Taj Tower Office & commercial 170 m (558 ft) 43 Taj Misr Developments
Quan Tower[72][73] Mixed-use 100 m (328 ft) 25 2023 Approved Contact Developments
Central Iconic Hotel[74][75] Leisure and hospitality ~100 m (328 ft) 18 Modon Developments
Double Two Tower Mixed-use 100 m (328 ft) 23 2022 Under construction Nakheel Developments
Triton Tower 80 m (262 ft) 14 RNA Developments
Ryan Tower 75 m (246 ft) ? 15 Khaled Sabry Holding
PAVO Tower 68 m (223 ft) ? 14 Mercon Developments

MU19

Name Usage Max height Roof height Floors Started Construction status Developer
Nile Business City Tower Mixed-use 233 m (764 ft) 56 2022 Under construction Nile Developments
Levels Business Tower 145 m (476 ft) 36 Urbnlanes Developments
31North Tower[76][77] 131 m (430 ft) ? 36 2021 Nile Developments
OIA Towers[78][79] 111 m (364 ft) 30 EDGE Holdings
Podia Tower[80][81][82] 110 m (361 ft) 29 Approved Menassat Developments
Green River Tower 110 m (361 ft) ? 30 2023 Modon Developments
Obsideir Towers 110 m (361 ft) ? 29 2022 Dubai Developments
Monorail Tower 100 m (328 ft) ? 26 ERG Developments
Pyramids Business Towers[83] 96 m (315 ft) ? 21 Under construction Pyramids Developments
I Business Park Towers[84][85] 91 m (299 ft) ? 20 ARQA Developments Group
Trio V Tower 90 m (295 ft) ? 18 Nakheel Developments

Future proposed towers

Oblisco Capitale

The Oblisco Capitale is a planned and approved skyscraper set to be inaugurated in 2030. It is designed by the Egyptian architectural design firm IDIA in the form of a Pharaonic obelisk, and once finished, it will be the tallest building in the world at a height of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), surpassing the world's tallest tower, Burj Khalifa, as well as the currently stalled Jeddah Tower which will also surpass the Burj Khalifa.[86]

Name Usage Max height Roof height Floors Started Construction status Total area Notes
Oblisco Capitale Tower[87][88][89] Hotel, office and residential 1,000 m (3,281 ft) +200 N/A Approved ?
  • World's tallest building
  • Projected completion 2030

Transportation

The Cairo Light Rail Transit (abbreviated LRT) connects Cairo to the New Administrative Capital. The line starts at Adly Mansour Station at Al Salam City on Cairo Metro Line 3, and splits into two branches at Badr City. One runs northward, parallel to the Cairo Ring Road, to 10th of Ramadan City, while the other turns south towards the New Administrative Capital. Intermediate cities along the train's route include Obour, Shorouk, and Mostaqbal.[90]

In addition, a monorail line under construction will connect Cairo to the new capital, with connections to the Cairo Metro and the Cairo LRT.[91]

In January 2021, Egypt signed a contract with Siemens to construct a high speed rail line that extends from the northern Mediterranean city of El Alamein to Ain Sokhna city on the Red Sea passing through the new capital and Alexandria. The 450 km (280 mi) line is expected to be finished by 2023. Later phases of the 1,750 km (1,087 mi) high speed network will connect the new capital with cities as far as Aswan in the south of Egypt.[92]

The New Administrative Capital will be served by the new Capital International Airport. The airport includes a passenger terminal with a current capacity of 300 passengers per hour, eight parking spaces for aircraft, 45 service and administrative buildings, an air control tower and a 3,650 m (11,975 ft) runway suitable for receiving large aircraft, equipped with lighting and automatic landing systems.[93] The airport has an area of 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi) and is expected to partially ease the pressure on Cairo International Airport and Sphinx International Airport.[94][95]

Criticism

A City for the rich

Many have framed the City as being built for the high classes rather than the middle and lower ones. It is apparent that this is not the first time the Egyptian government has tried to build a city outside of the Nile delta and valley to relieve the overpopulation of Cairo. But those other cities have failed in their mission, due to them being advertised to the high middle and high classes, and that was because of the housing units being sold at high prices. As a result of these cities not being affordable for most of the population, most of their housing units tend to go unsold.[96][97]

Financial troubles

The Egyptian government's ability to finance the project has been put into question. Although president Abdel Fattah El-Sisi stated that “the state won’t pay a penny” for the new capital, funds from the public coffers continue to flow into building the capital, adding to that the loans the government has acquired to fund the project, which has significantly increased the national debt of the nation.[98][99] "The president is borrowing money from abroad to build a massive city for the rich, but poor and middle-class Egyptians are paying the price tag for the megaprojects through taxes, lower investment in social services and subsidy cuts, even if the economic rationale for the developments is questionable," said Maged Mandour, an Egyptian political analyst.[100]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ "Inside Egypt's new capital" (in en). https://www.propertyweek.com/insight/inside-egypts-new-capital/5101721.article. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Egypt Announces Plans to Build New Capital". Associated Press. 13 March 2015. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/03/13/world/middleeast/ap-ml-egypt-new-capital-.html. 
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  5. ↑ "Egypt Vision 2030". https://arabdevelopmentportal.com/sites/default/files/publication/sds_egypt_vision_2030.pdf. 
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  39. ↑ "Presidential Decree 57/2016 Assigning the land of the New Administrative Capital and the Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Urban Community as areas of new urban communities". The Official Gazette 5 bis (59): 3–7. 2016-02-08. https://www.cc.gov.eg/i/l/364453.pdf. 
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  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Egypt's Sisi opens mega-mosque and Middle East's largest cathedral in New Capital". Reuters. 6 January 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-religion/egypts-sisi-opens-mega-mosque-and-middle-easts-largest-cathedral-in-new-capital-idUSKCN1P00L9. 
  43. ↑ "Egypt opens Middle East's biggest cathedral". BBC News. 7 January 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46775842. 
  44. ↑ "The construction of the 35-km Green River in the Egyptian New Administrative capital" (in en). https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/eccvp/the-construction-of-the-35km-green-river-in-the-egyptian-new-administrative-capital.html. 
  45. ↑ "Central Park in Egypt's New Administrative Capital among the largest in the world" (in en-US). 21 October 2020. https://egyptindependent.com/central-park-in-egypts-new-administrative-capital-among-the-largest-in-the-world/. 
  46. ↑ "Egypt's New Ministry Of Defense "Octagon" Complex Looks Like An Alien Base From Space". 11 September 2019. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/29762/egypts-new-octagon-ministry-of-defense-complex-looks-like-an-alien-base-from-space. 
  47. ↑ "President El-Sisi Visits State's Strategic Leadership Center in New Administrative Capital". https://www.presidency.eg/en/قسم-الأخبار/أخبار-رئاسية/الرئيس-عبد-الفتاح-السيسي-يقوم-بزيارة-مقر-مركز-قيادة-الدولة-الاستراتيجي-بالعاصمة-الإدارية-الجديدة-15-11-2020/. 
  48. ↑ "Egypt opens new international airport for trial period" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-airport-idUSKCN1U5279. 
  49. ↑ "Egypt: Greater Cairo has two new airports". https://north-africa.com/2020/06/egypt-cairo-has-two-new-airports/. 
  50. ↑ "New design: Colossus in Egypt's new administrative capital – StadiumDB.com". http://stadiumdb.com/news/2021/07/new_design_colossus_in_egypts_new_administrative_capital. 
  51. ↑ "Sisi inspects Egypt Int'l City for Olympic Games in new capital". https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/153019/Sisi-inspects-Egypt-Int'l-City-for-Olympic-Games-in-new-capital?lang=en-us. 
  52. ↑ "Construction Begins on Iconic Tower". https://www.ctbuh.org/news/construction-begins-on-iconic-tower. 
  53. ↑ "العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة" (in ar). http://www.mhuc.gov.eg/Programs/Index/132. 
  54. ↑ "Chinese firm finalizes deal for building huge business district in Egypt's new capital - People's Daily Online". http://en.people.cn/n3/2017/1012/c90000-9278780.html. 
  55. ↑ "Central Business District at the New Administrative Capital" (in en-US). https://www.dar.com/work/project/central-business-district-at-the-new-administrative-capital. 
  56. ↑ "Egypt's new administrative capital project timeline and what you need to know" (in en-us). 2021-08-02. https://constructionreviewonline.com/project-timelines/egypts-new-administrative-capital-project-timeline-and-what-you-need-to-know/. 
  57. ↑ "Chinese firm finishes capping 1st business skyscraper in Egypt's new capital - Xinhua | English.news.cn". http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2020-03/16/c_138880893.htm. 
  58. ↑ "Central Business District – The Capital Cairo" (in en-US). https://cubeconsultants.org/portfolio/central-business-district-the-capital-cairo-2/. 
  59. ↑ "Egypt new capital's Central Business District towers ready mid 2021" (in en-US). 2019-12-12. https://en.amwalalghad.com/egypt-new-capitals-central-business-district-towers-ready-mid-2021/. 
  60. ↑ "Iconic Tower - The Skyscraper Center". https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/iconic-tower/34420. 
  61. ↑ "StackPath". October 2020. https://dailynewsegypt.com/2020/10/01/cscec-continues-construction-on-high-quality-business-buildings-at-nac-despite-pandemic/. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "Feature: China, Egypt join hands to build CBD project in Egypt's new capital city - Xinhua | English.news.cn". http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-03/19/c_137907912.htm. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 "Login | Facebook" (in en). https://www.facebook.com/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FCSCECEGYPT%2Fposts%2F1408427322887230. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 "Chinese firm succeeds in lifting, fitting iconic "air corridor" in Egypt's new capital - Xinhua | English.news.cn". http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-07/02/c_1310038726.htm. 
  65. ↑ "High Rise Tower – Amazon Holding" (in en-US). https://airoffice.net/amazon-holding/archives/portfolio/high-rise-tower. 
  66. ↑ "PROJECTS: Infinity Tower: Egypt's second tallest skyscraper on track for completion in 2024" (in en). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/projects/story/PROJECTS_Infinity_Tower_Egypts_second_tallest_skyscraper_on_track_for_completion_in_2024-ZAWYA20210609093540. 
  67. ↑ "About" (in en). https://www.infinityt.net/about. 
  68. ↑ "CBD Tower - UC developments". https://ucdevelop.com/real-estate/general/cbd/. 
  69. ↑ "UC للتطوير العقارى تستعد لاطلاق مشروعها الثالث بالعاصمة خلال أيام" (in ar). 2021-08-01. https://elnokhba-eg.com/uc-للتطوير-العقارى-تستعد-لاطلاق-مشروعها/. 
  70. ↑ "رئيس "uc" للتطوير العقاري: الوحدات الإدارية والتجارية بمنطقة الأبراج المركزية الأكثر طلبا بالعاصمة الإدارية" (in ar). 2021-08-21. https://amwalalghad.com/2021/08/21/رئيس-uc-للتطوير-العقاري-الوحدات-الإدا/. 
  71. ↑ "StackPath". 26 March 2021. https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/03/26/al-borouj-misr-launches-sixty-iconic-tower-with-egp-1-7bn-investments/. 
  72. ↑ "PROJECTS: Egypt's Contact Developments launches Quan Iconic Tower" (in en). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/projects/story/PROJECTS_Egypts_Contact_Developments_launches_Quan_Iconic_Tower-ZAWYA20210624121115. 
  73. ↑ "StackPath". 24 June 2021. https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/06/24/contact-developments-launches-quan-iconic-tower-at-new-capital-with-egp-1-5bn-investments/. 
  74. ↑ "Modon Developments" (in en). https://www.modon-eg.com/. 
  75. ↑ "Central Iconic Tower - new capital compounds" (in en-US). 29 July 2021. https://www.newcapitalcompound.com/central-iconic-tower/. 
  76. ↑ "StackPath". 26 March 2021. https://dailynewsegypt.com/2021/03/26/nile-developments-invests-egp-5bn-in-1st-festival-tower-project-at-new-capital/. 
  77. ↑ OOH, INSITE (26 April 2021). "Nile Development to present 31 North New Capital Project" (in en-us). https://insiteooh.com/article/4428-nile-development-to-present-31-north-new-capital-project. 
  78. ↑ "OIA Towers projects" (in en-US). https://edgeholding.co/oia-towers-projects/. 
  79. ↑ "Oia Towers New Capital (Oia Towers units Prices sale in 2021) | Flat & Villa" (in en). 2020-12-28. https://flatandvilla.com/en/new-capital/oia-towers/. 
  80. ↑ "Menassat Developments" (in en-US). https://menassat-eg.com/. 
  81. ↑ "Egypt's Menassat Developments to launch 2 projects in 2021" (in en). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/business/story/Egypts_Menassat_Developments_to_launch_2_projects_in_2021-SNG_226107563. 
  82. ↑ "PROJECTS: Egypt's Menassat Developments to launch two new projects in 2021 - Chairman" (in en). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/projects/story/PROJECTS_Egypts_Menassat_Developments_to_launch_two_new_projects_in_2021__Chairman-ZAWYA20210715073717. 
  83. ↑ "Pyramids Tower". https://pyramidsbusinesstower.com/. 
  84. ↑ "i business park" (in en-US). https://arqadevelopments.com/i-business-park-2/. 
  85. ↑ "PROJECTS: Egypt's Arqa Developments launches Phase 2 of I-Business park" (in en). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/projects/story/PROJECTS_Egypts_Arqa_Developments_launches_Phase_2_of_IBusiness_park-ZAWYA20210614124118. 
  86. ↑ "Oblisco Capitale, the new administrative capital - اوبليزكو كابيتال العاصمة الادارية الجديدة" (in ar). https://www.newcapitaleg.com/properties/اوبليزكو-كابيتال-العاصمة-الادارية-ال/. 
  87. ↑ "Egypt to Build One of the World's Tallest Towers, Surpassing Burj Khalifa | Egyptian Streets" (in en-US). 2018-10-18. https://egyptianstreets.com/2018/10/18/egypt-to-build-one-of-the-worlds-tallest-towers-surpassing-burj-khalifa/. 
  88. ↑ "Oblisco Capitale Tower - The Skyscraper Center". https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/oblisco-capitale-tower/34367. 
  89. ↑ "Oblisco Capitale". https://idia.design/projects/oblisco-capitale/. 
  90. ↑ "Minister reveals accomplishment rates of New Capital train". 2020-03-22. https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/82879/Minister-reveals-accomplishment-rates-of-New-Capital-train. 
  91. ↑ "Monorail project to be constructed in Egypt's New Administrative Capital" (in en-us). 2020-09-24. https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/egypt/monorail-project-to-be-constructed-in-egypts-new-administrative-capital/. 
  92. ↑ "Siemens Signs High Speed Train Agreement with Egyptian Railways" (in en). 2021-01-15. https://raillynews.com/2021/01/siemens-signs-fast-train-agreement-with-egyptian-railways/. 
  93. ↑ "Egypt's new airport, Capital International, begins one month trial". https://www.internationalairportreview.com/news/97023/capital-international-airport-begins-one-month-trial/. 
  94. ↑ "Egypt opens new international airport for trial period" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-airport-idUSKCN1U5279. 
  95. ↑ "New Cairo Capital International Airport Profile | CAPA". https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/new-cairo-capital-international-airport-cce. 
  96. ↑ Elshahed, Mohamed (March 23, 2015). "Nasr City was once Egypt's new capital, but things went wrong.". Cairobserver: pp. 1. https://cairobserver.com/post/114391196879/nasr-city-was-once-egypts-new-capital-but-things#.YxdfIezMLUY. 
  97. ↑ "Professors criticise Egypt's New Administrative Capital". Middle east monitor: pp. 1. November 15, 2021. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20211115-professors-criticise-egypts-new-administrative-capital/. 
  98. ↑ Taweel, Sarah (June 7, 2023). "Report – Al-Sisi's Bubble in the Desert: The Political Economy of Egypt's New Administrative Capital". https://pomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Egypt_NAC_Report.pdf. 
  99. ↑ Abdel Latif Wahba, and Mirette Magdy (August 1, 2022). "Goldman's $15 Billion View of Egypt IMF Needs Too High for Maait". Bloomberg: pp. 1. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-01/goldman-s-15-billion-view-of-egypt-imf-needs-too-high-for-maait?sref=MmPRe670. 
  100. ↑ Declan Walsh, and Vivian Yee (October 8, 2022). "A New Capital Worthy of the Pharaohs Rises in Egypt, but at What Price?". The New York Times: pp. 1. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/08/world/middleeast/egypt-new-administrative-capital.html. 



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