Place:Ouarzazate

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Ouarzazate (/ˌwɑːrzəˈzæt, -ˈzɑːt/; Berber languages: ⵡⴰⵔⵣⴰⵣⴰⵜ Arabic: ورزازات, romanized: Warzāzāt, ar) is a city and capital of Ouarzazate Province in the region of Drâa-Tafilalet, south-central Morocco.

Ouarzazate is a primary tourist destination in Morocco during the holidays, as well as a starting point for excursions into and across the Draa Valley and the desert. The fortified village Aït Benhaddou west of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Ouarzazate area is a noted film-making location, with Morocco's biggest studios inviting many international companies to work here. Films such as Lawrence of Arabia (1962), The Man Who Would Be King (1975), The Living Daylights (1987), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), The Mummy (1999), Gladiator (2000), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), Kundun (1997), Legionnaire (1998), The Hills Have Eyes (2006), Salmon Fishing in the Yemen (2011) and The Wages of Fear (2024) were shot here, as was part of the TV series Game of Thrones. It was the filming location for the fictional city of Agapenta in the fourth season of the Netflix series Outer Banks.

Etymology

History

For a long time, Ouarzazate was a small crossing point for African traders on their way to northern Morocco and Europe.[1] In the 16th century, Sheikh Abu al-'Abaas Ahmed bin Abdellah al-Wizkiti al-Warzazi, emir of the qasba of Ouarzazate and father of Lalla Masuda, helped establish Saadi control over the Sous-Dra'a region.[2][3]

Former Bet Knesset Synagogue, also known as the "Old Synagogue"

Ouarzazate was home to a thriving Jewish community. In 1954, about 170 Jews lived in the Mellah.[4] The "Old Synagogue", a synagogue said to be nearly 300 years old, is located in Ouarzazate.[5] There is also a Jewish cemetery, which is no longer in use.[6]

During the French period, Ouarzazate expanded considerably as a garrison town, administrative centre and customs post and a church (Eglise Saint Therese) was built in 1931.[7] It is home to the Kasbah Taourirt, which was the kasbah of the former caïd and later owned by T'hami El Glaoui. The Krupp field gun which secured Glaoui power is displayed outside the kasbah today.

The nearby Ouarzazate solar power station, co-funded by the Arab League,[8] was connected to the Moroccan power grid in February 2016.[9][10]

On 1 November 2023, Ouarzazate along with Casablanca joined UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network.[11][12]

Geography

Ouarzazate is at an elevation of 1,151 metres (3,776 ft) in the middle of a bare plateau south of the High Atlas Mountains, with a desert to the city's south.

Climate

Ouarzazate has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). The city is hot and dry in summer, but can be very cold in winter, with icy winds coming from the High Atlas Mountains.

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Landmarks

The Kasbah Taourirt is the city's historic kasbah (fortified residence, or tighremt in Berber languages). It was owned and expanded by the Glaoui family in the late 19th century and the 20th century.[17][18] Built mainly of rammed earth, it is one of the most impressive examples of this type of structure, which characterizes the architecture of the predominantly Berber-inhabited Atlas mountain and oasis regions of Morocco.[17]

A short distance west of the city is Aït Benhaddou, a historic ksar (fortified village) and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[19]

Front view (north side) of the Kasbah Taourirt

Film industry

Film is a major industry in Ouarazazate and constitute a major part of its economy.[20] Its success is due to the presence of desert landscapes and historical architecture, the availability of trained technicians, low productions costs, and Morocco's streamlined process for obtaining film permits.[20] Most productions are from the USA or Western Europe, but the number of Indian and Chinese productions has also increased in recent years.[20] According to a study published in 2020, about 20 to 50 foreign film and television productions are shot in Ouarzazate every year.[20] In 2017, the heads of Moroccan film studios claimed that about 80 percent of staff used on film productions were Moroccan.[21]


Another large studio in Ouarzazate is CLA Studios, established in 2004.[21]

The Cinema Museum, located across from the Kasbah Taourirt, opened in 2007 and is housed in a former film studio. The museum displays film sets, props, and technical equipment from previous productions.[22][21]

Notable people

  • Adib Alkhalidey, Canadian actor, born in Ouarzazate[23]
  • Ayoub El Amloud, professional footballer
  • Romain Saiss, professional footballer
  • Tasuta N-Imal, a desert blues band
  • A street in Ouarzazate
    A street in Ouarzazate
  • Kasbah Ait Benhaddou
    Kasbah Ait Benhaddou
  • Kasbah Aksar
    Kasbah Aksar
  • Oasis du Fint
    Oasis du Fint
  • The back side of Kasbah Taourirt
    The back side of Kasbah Taourirt
  • Ouarzazate old town
    Ouarzazate old town

See also

  • Tizi n'Tichka – mountain pass that connects Ouarzazate and Marrakesh
  • List of movies shot in Morocco
  • Ouarzazate Airport
  • Ouarzazate solar power station

Notes

  1. ↑ The record highs and lows are based on the Deutscher Wetterdienst link for the period 1941–1963 while records beyond 1965 come from the Meteo Climat link. As a result, the most extreme values from either source are used.

References

  1. ↑ "Visit Africa's Ouarzazate City, Morocco" (in en-GB). https://visitafrica.site/destinations/experience-morocco/ouarzazate/. 
  2. ↑ "سيرة السيدة مسعودة الوزكيتية". وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية. June 24, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMm2HLo4klk. 
  3. ↑ مغرس مسعودة الوزكيتية .. الأميرة الحسنة
  4. ↑ "Ouarzazate". https://moroccanjews.org/home/sites-of-jewish-interest/the-southern/ouarzazate/. 
  5. ↑ "16 Moroccan Synagogues: Remnants of Jewish Life in the Imperial Cities and Great South". https://moroccotravelblog.com/2020/01/03/16-moroccan-synagoguues-remnants-of-jewish-life-in-the-imperial-cities-and-great-south/. 
  6. ↑ "Cemetery at Ouarzazate, Morocco". http://archive.diarna.org/site/detail/public/23/. 
  7. ↑ Anglade, Eric. "The Franciscan missionary sisters of Mary will no longer be looking after Ouarzazate". Almaouja. https://sudestmaroc.com/the-franciscan-missionary-sisters-of-mary-will-no-longer-be-looking-after-ouarzazate/. 
  8. ↑ Harrabin, Roger (23 November 2015). "Moroccan solar plant to bring energy to a million people". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-34883224. 
  9. ↑ Vorrath, Sophie (2016-02-05). "First 160MW of huge Noor solar thermal plant connected to Moroccan grid". http://reneweconomy.com.au/2016/first-160mw-of-huge-noor-solar-thermal-plant-connected-to-moroccan-grid-18132. 
  10. ↑ Louis Boisgibault, Fahad Al Kabbani (2020): Energy Transition in Metropolises, Rural Areas and Deserts. Wiley - ISTE. (Energy series) ISBN 9781786304995.
  11. ↑ "Moroccan Cities Casablanca and Ouarzazate Join UNESCO's Creative Cities Network" (in en-US). 2023-11-01. https://en.hespress.com/73799-moroccan-cities-casablanca-and-ouarzazate-join-unescos-creative-cities-network.html. 
  12. ↑ "55 new cities join the UNESCO Creative Cities Network on World Cities Day". https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/55-new-cities-join-unesco-creative-cities-network-world-cities-day. 
  13. ↑ "Ouarzazate Climate Normals for 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Morocco/CSV/OUARZAZATE_60265.csv. 
  14. ↑ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-I/Morocco/WMO_Normals_ASCII_60265.csv. 
  15. ↑ "Klimatafel von Ouarzazate / Marokko" (in de). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world. Deutscher Wetterdienst. http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_602650_kt.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "Station Ouarzazate" (in fr). Météo Climat. http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=747. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Golvin, Lucien (December 1, 2012). "Architecture berbère". Encyclopédie berbère [online]. http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2582. 
  18. ↑ "Documentation for emergency condition mapping of Decorated historic surfaces at the Caid Residence, the Kasbah of Taourirt (Ouarzazate, Morocco)". ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2 (5/W3): 229–234. 2015. 
  19. ↑ "Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou" (in en). https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/444/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Higbee, Will; Martin, Florence; Bahmad, Jamal (2020) (in en). Moroccan Cinema Uncut: Decentred Voices, Transnational Perspectives. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-1-4744-7795-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=0p4xEAAAQBAJ&dq=museum+cinema+ouarzazate&pg=PA23. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Rutherford, Tristan (September–October 2017). "Morocco's Cinema City". Aramco World: pp. 24–31. http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/September-2017/Morocco-s-Cinema-City. 
  22. ↑ "Cinema Museum of Ouarzazate" (in en-GB). https://ouarzazate.city/attractions/cinema-museum/. 
  23. ↑ Cassivi, Marc (19 October 2015). "Adib et le #SacDePatatesGate" (in fr). La Presse. https://www.lapresse.ca/debats/chroniques/marc-cassivi/201510/16/01-4910524-adib-et-le-sacdepatatesgate.php. 

[ ⚑ ] 30°55′N 6°55′W / 30.917°N 6.917°W / 30.917; -6.917 Template:Drâa-Tafilalet



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