Place:Timeline of sovereign states in Europe

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This timeline lists sovereign states in Europe, both current and defunct, since the 11th century.

Current Sovereign States / Decades before 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Decades / Current Sovereign States
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
United Kingdom
Flag of England.svg 927
Kingdom of England
Flag of England.svg 1016
Kingdom of England (Danelaw)
Flag of England.svg 1042
Kingdom of England
Flag of The Commonwealth.svg 1649
Commonwealth of England
Flag of the Commonwealth (1658-1660).svg 1653
Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
Flag of The Commonwealth.svg 1659
Commonwealth of England
Flag of England.svg 1660
Kingdom of England
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg 1707
Kingdom of Great Britain
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1801
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1922
United Kingdom
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
United Kingdom
Flag of Scotland.svg 843
Kingdom of Scotland
Flag of Scotland.svg 1659
Kingdom of Scotland
Gaelic Ireland Lordship of Ireland.png 1171
Lordship of Ireland
Flag of the President of Ireland.svg 1541
Kingdom of Ireland
Flag of the President of Ireland.svg 1659
Kingdom of Ireland
Flag of Ireland.svg
Ireland
Flag of Ireland.svg 1922
Ireland
Flag of Ireland.svg
Ireland
Flag of Portugal.svg
Portugal
Leon banner.svg 910
Kingdom of León
PortugueseFlag1095.svg 1139
Kingdom of Portugal
Flag Portugal (1578).svg 1580
United to Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Flag Portugal (1640).svg 1640
Kingdom of Portugal
Flag of Portugal.svg 1910
Portuguese Republic
Flag of Portugal.svg
Portugal
Flag of Spain.svg
Spain
Leon banner.svg 910
Kingdom of León
Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg 1230
Crown of Castile
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 1479
Catholic Monarchy (Castile and Aragon)
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 1492
Catholic Monarchy (Castile and Aragon)
Flag of New Spain.svg 1516
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Flag of New Spain.svg 1620
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Bandera de España 1701-1760.svg 1716
Spain
Flag of Spain.svg
Spain
County of Castile Pendon del Reino de Castilla.svg 1035
Kingdom of Castile
756
Caliphate of Córdoba
1031
Taifas
Flag of Morocco 1147 1269.svg 1040
Almoravid Dynasty
Flag of Almohad Dynasty.svg 1121
Almohad Dynasty
Royal Standard of Nasrid Dynasty Kingdom of Grenade.svg 1228
Emirate of Granada
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg 824
Kingdom of Navarre
Bandera de Reino de Navarra.svg 1035
Kingdom of Navarre
Siñal d'Aragón.svg 1035
Kingdom of Aragon
Aragon Arms-crown.svg 1137
Crown of Aragon
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 1479
Catholic Monarchy (Castile and Aragon)
Flag of New Spain.svg 1516
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Siñal d'Aragón.svg 801
County of Barcelona
Flag of Catalonia.svg 1641-1653
Principality of Catalonia, united to the Kingdom of France
Flag of Andorra.svg
Andorra
795
Les Valls (Diocese of Urgell)
1278
Les Valls
1396
Les Valls (Crown of Aragon)
1398
Lordship of Les Valls
1516
Lordship of Les Valls (Kingdom of Spain)
Flag of Andorra 1806.svg 1607
Principality of Andorra
Flag of France (1790-1794).svg 1812
French Empire
Flag of Andorra 1806.svg 1814
Principality of Andorra
Flag of France.svg 1933
French Republic
Flag of Andorra.svg 1940
Principality of Andorra
Flag of Andorra.svg
Andorra
Flag of Malta.svg
Malta
870
Aghlabids
Coat of Arms of Roger I of Sicily.svg 1091
County of Sicily
Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg 1130
Kingdom of Sicily
Hohenstaufen emperor arms.svg 1194
County of Malta (Swabians)
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg 1266
Kingdom of Sicily
Aragon Arms-crown.svg 1283
Crown of Aragon
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 1479
Catholic Monarchy (Castile and Aragon)
Flag of New Spain.svg 1516
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Flag of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.svg 1530
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
Flag of France (1790-1794).svg 1798
French Republic
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1800
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 1922
United Kingdom
Flag of Malta.svg 1964
Republic of Malta
Flag of Malta.svg
Malta
Flag of San Marino.svg
San Marino
Flag of San Marino.svg 301
Most Serene Republic of San Marino
Flag of San Marino.svg
San Marino
Flag of the Vatican City.svg
Vatican City
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg 752
Papal States
Flag of the Papal States (1808-1870).svg 1870
States of the Church
Flag of the Vatican City.svg 1929
Vatican City
Flag of the Vatican City.svg
Vatican City
Flag of Italy.svg
Italy
705
Saracens, Giudicati
1185
Giudicati (Holy Roman Empire, Crown of Aragon)
Aragon Arms-crown.svg 1323
Crown of Aragon
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 1479
Catholic Monarchy (Castile and Aragon)
Aragon Arms-crown.svg 1504
Crown of Aragon
Flag of New Spain.svg 1516
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Flag of New Spain.svg 1714
Kingdom of Spain (Habsburg)
Bandera de España 1701-1760.svg 1716
Spain
Flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia.svg 1720
Kingdom of Sardinia
Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg 1861
Kingdom of Italy
Flag of Italy.svg 1946
Italian Republic
Flag of Italy.svg
Italy
Fatimid flag.svg 965
Emirate of Sicily (Fatimid Caliphate)
Coat of Arms of Roger I of Sicily.svg 1071
County of Sicily
Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg 1130
Kingdom of Sicily
Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg 1137
Kingdom of Sicily
Coat of Arms of the House of Hauteville (according to Agostino Inveges).svg 1155
Kingdom of Sicily
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg 1282
Kingdom of Sicily
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg 1720
Kingdom of Sicily (Holy Roman Empire)
Bandiera del Regno di Sicilia 4.svg 1735
Kingdom of Sicily (Spain )
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1738).svg 1816
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
851
Principality of Salerno
1042
Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
Flag of the Kingdom of Naples.svg 1282
Kingdom of Naples
Flag of the Kingdom of Naples.svg 1714
Kingdom of Naples (Holy Roman Empire)
Flag of the Kingdom of Naples.svg 1735
Kingdom of Naples (Spain )
Flag of the Parthenopaean Republic.svg 1799
Neapolitan Republic (French Republic)
25px|border 1799
Kingdom of Naples (Spain )
Flag of Kingdom of Naples (1806-1808).svg 1806
Kingdom of Naples (French Empire)
Flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1738).svg 1815
Kingdom of Naples (Spain )
571
Duchy of Benevento
839
Principality of Capua
1027
Duchy of Naples
1027
Principality of Capua
Flag of Most Serene Republic of Venice.svg 1000
Republic of Venice
Flag of the Repubblica Cisalpina.svg 1797
Cisalpine Republic (French Republic)
Flag of the Italian Republic (1802).svg 1802
Italian Republic (French Republic)
Flag of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.svg 1805
Kingdom of Italy (French Empire)
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg 1815
Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Austrian Empire)
Flag of the Papal States (pre 1808).svg 752
Papal States
Flag of Repubblica Cispadana.jpg 1796
Cispadane Republic (French Republic)
Flag of the Duchy of Modena.svg 1814
Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Flag of Italy.svg 1859
United Provinces of Central Italy (Sardinia)
962
Holy Roman Empire
1032
Holy Roman Empire
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg 1378
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of the Repubblica Transpadana.svg 1796
Transpadane Republic (French Republic)
Bandiera del granducato di Toscana (1562-1737 ).gif 1815
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg 1796
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of France.svg 1804
French Empire
Flag of France.svg 1810
French Empire
Flag of the Duchy of Parma.svg 1814
Duchy of Parma
Flag of France.svg
France
933
Kingdom of Burgundy
Flag of France (XIV-XVI).svg 1378
Kingdom of France
Pavillon royal de France.svg 1492
Kingdom of France
Flag of France (1790-1794).svg 1791
Kingdom of the French
Flag of France (1790-1794).svg 1792
French Republic
Flag of France (1790-1794).svg 1794
French Republic
Flag of France.svg 1814
Kingdom of France
Flag of France.svg 1830
Kingdom of the French
Flag of France.svg 1848
French Republic
Flag of France.svg 1852
French Empire
Flag of France.svg 1870
French Republic
Flag of France.svg 1940
French State (Nazi Germany)
Flag of France.svg 1944
French Republic
Flag of France.svg 1946
French Republic
Flag of France.svg 1958
France
Flag of France.svg
France
Flag of France (XIV-XVI).svg 843
Kingdom of France
Flag of Belgium.svg
Belgium
962
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg 1291
Holy Roman Empire
Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg 1579
Spanish Netherlands (Habsburg)
Austrian Low Countries Flag.svg 1713
Austrian Netherlands (Habsburg)
Flag of the Brabantine Revolution.svg 1790
United States of Belgium
Austrian Low Countries Flag.svg 1790
Austrian Netherlands (Austria)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1815
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Flag of Belgium (1830).svg 1830
Kingdom of Belgium
Flag of Belgium (1830).svg 1940
Kingdom of Belgium (Nazi Germany)
Flag of Belgium.svg 1944
Kingdom of Belgium
Flag of Belgium.svg
Belgium
Flag of Luxembourg.svg
Luxembourg
Austrian Low Countries Flag.svg 1790
Austrian Netherlands (Habsburg)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1830
Netherlands
Flag of Luxembourg.svg 1839
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Flag of Luxembourg.svg 1940
Luxembourg (Nazi Germany)
Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg 1942
Nazi Germany
Flag of Luxembourg.svg 1944
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Flag of Luxembourg.svg
Luxembourg
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
Netherlands
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (after 1400).svg 1579
Holy Roman Empire
Prinsenvlag.svg 1581
Dutch Republic
Flag of the Batavian Republic.gif 1795
Batavian Republic
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1806
Kingdom of Holland
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1839
Netherlands
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1940
Netherlands (Nazi Germany)
Flag of the Netherlands.svg 1945
Netherlands
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
Netherlands
Flag of Switzerland.svg
Switzerland
Flag of Switzerland.svg 1291
Swiss Confederacy
Flag of the Helvetic Republic (French).svg 1798
Helvetic Republic
Flag of Switzerland.svg 1802
Swiss Confederation
Flag of Switzerland.svg 1815
Swiss Confederation
Flag of Switzerland.svg 1848
Switzerland
Flag of Switzerland.svg
Switzerland
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg
Liechtenstein
Flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg 1291
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Prussia 1892-1918.svg 1701
Kingdom of Prussia (Holy Roman Empire)
Flag of Prussia 1892-1918.svg 1772
Kingdom of Prussia (Holy Roman Empire)
Flag of Liechtenstein (1719-1852).svg 1806
Liechtenstein
Wappen Deutscher Bund.svg 1815
German Confederation
Flag of Liechtenstein (1852-1921).svg 1866
Liechtenstein
Flag of Liechtenstein.svg
Liechtenstein
Flag of Germany.svg
Germany
1806
Confederation of the Rhine (French Empire)
Flag of the German Empire.svg 1866
North German Confederation
Flag of the German Empire.svg 1871
German Empire
Flag of Germany (3-2 aspect ratio).svg 1919
Weimar Republic
Flag of the German Reich (1933–1935).svg 1933
Nazi Germany
Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg 1938
Nazi Germany
Flag of Germany (1946-1949).svg 1945
German Realm
Flag of Germany.svg 1949
West Germany
Flag of Germany.svg 1990
Germany
Flag of Germany.svg
Germany
Flag of East Germany.svg 1949
East Germany
Flag of Poland.svg
Poland
960
Civitas Schinesghe
POL Przemysł II 1295 COA.svg 1025
Kingdom of Poland
POL Przemysł II 1295 COA.svg 1385
Kingdom of Poland
Herb Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodow (Alex K).svg 1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Flag of Poland (1807–1815).svg 1807
Duchy of Warsaw (French Empire)
Flag of Poland.svg 1918
Republic of Poland
Flag of Poland.svg 1944
People's Republic of Poland
Flag of Poland.svg 1990
Poland
Flag of Poland.svg
Poland
Flag of Austria.svg
Austria
962
Holy Roman Empire
Armoiries Habsbourg.svg 1278
Habsburg Austria
Armoiries Habsbourg.svg 1526
Habsburg Austria
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg 1804
Austrian Empire
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg 1867
Austria-Hungary
Flag of Austria.svg 1918
German Austria
Flag of Austria.svg 1919
Federal State of Austria
Flag of Austria.svg 1945
Allied-occupied Austria
Flag of Austria.svg 1955
Republic of Austria
Flag of Austria.svg
Austria
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
Czech Republic
Flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg 1278
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg 1918
Czechoslovak Republic
Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg 1945
Czechoslovak Republic
Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg 1960
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg 1990
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg 1992
Czech Republic
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
Czech Republic
Flag of Slovakia.svg
Slovakia
Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg 1939
Slovak State
Flag of Slovakia.svg 1992
Slovakia
Flag of Slovakia.svg
Slovakia
Flag of Hungary.svg
Hungary
Flag of Hungary (895-1000).svg 895
Principality of Hungary
Flag of Stephen I of Hungary.svg 1000
Kingdom of Hungary
Flag of Hungary (1301-1382).svg 1301
Kingdom of Hungary
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg 1526
Kingdom of Hungary
Flag of Hungary (1918-1919).svg 1918
Hungarian People's Republic
25px|border 1919
Hungarian Soviet Republic
25px|border 1919
Hungarian Republic
Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg 1920
Kingdom of Hungary
Flag of Hungary (1946-1949, 1956-1957).svg 1946
Hungarian Republic
Flag of Hungary (1949-1956).svg 1949
Hungarian People's Republic
Flag of Hungary.svg 1989
Hungarian Republic
Flag of Hungary.svg
Hungary
Coa Hungary Country History John I of Hungary (Szapolyai) (1526-1540).svg 1526
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg 1570
Principality of Transylvania
Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg 1711
Grand Principality of Transylvania
Flag of Slovenia.svg
Slovenia
962
Holy Roman Empire
Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg 1804
Austrian Empire
Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg 1918
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg 1943
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Flag of Slovenia.svg 1991
Republic of Slovenia
Flag of Slovenia.svg
Slovenia
Flag of Croatia.svg
Croatia
CoA of the Kingdom of Croatia.svg 925
Kingdom of Croatia
CoA of the Kingdom of Croatia.svg 1102
Kingdom of Croatia (Hungary)
CoA of the Kingdom of Croatia.svg 1527
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
Flag of Croatia.svg 1991
Republic of Croatia
Flag of Croatia.svg
Croatia
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Banate of Bosnia (Bulgaria) 1019
Banate of Bosnia (Byzantine Empire)
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1082
Kingdom of Duklja
1102
Banate of Bosnia (Hungary)
1166
Banate of Bosnia (Byzantine Empire)
1377
Kingdom of Bosnia
Ottoman Flag.svg 1463
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1540
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1817
Ottoman Empire
Flag of Austria-Hungary (1867-1918).svg 1878
Austria-Hungary
Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg 1991
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1998).svg 1992
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg 1997
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Flag of Serbia.svg
Serbia
Serb State Simple Labarum.svg 1018
Byzantine Empire
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1077
Kingdom of Duklja
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1102
Kingdom of Duklja
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1219
Kingdom of Serbia
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1341
Kingdom of Serbia
1346
Serbian Empire
Coat of arms of Moravian Serbia.svg 1371
Moravian Serbia
1402
Serbian Despotate
Civil Flag of Serbia.svg 1817
Principality of Serbia
Civil Flag of Serbia.svg 1882
Kingdom of Serbia
Flag of Serbia and Montenegro.svg 1992
Serbia and Montenegro
Flag of Serbia.svg 2006
Republic of Serbia
Flag of Serbia.svg
Serbia
Flag of Montenegro.svg
Montenegro
Flag of the Serbian Empire, reconstruction.svg 1341
Principality of Zeta
Ottoman Flag.svg 1496
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1817
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1821
Ottoman Empire
Flag of the Principality of Montenegro.svg 1852
Principality of Montenegro
Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg 1910
Kingdom of Montenegro
Flag of Montenegro.svg 2006
Montenegro
Flag of Montenegro.svg
Montenegro
Flag of North Macedonia.svg
North Macedonia
680
First Bulgarian Empire
Simple Labarum.svg 1077
Byzantine Empire
Simple Labarum.svg 1185
Byzantine Empire
Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg 1257
Second Bulgarian Empire
Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg 1277
Byzantine Empire
Flag of Serbia 1281.svg 1282
Kingdom of Serbia
1346
Serbian Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1392
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1396
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1479
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1852
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1878
Ottoman Empire
Civil Flag of Serbia.svg 1912
Kingdom of Serbia
Flag of North Macedonia.svg 1991
Republic of Macedonia
Flag of North Macedonia.svg 2019
North Macedonia
Flag of North Macedonia.svg
North Macedonia
Flag of Bulgaria.svg
Bulgaria
Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg 1185
Second Bulgarian Empire
Coat of arms of the Second Bulgarian Empire.svg 1277
Second Bulgarian Empire
Flag of Bulgaria.svg 1878
Principality of Bulgaria
Flag of Bulgaria.svg 1908
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg 1946
People's Republic of Bulgaria
Flag of Bulgaria.svg 1990
Republic of Bulgaria
Flag of Bulgaria.svg
Bulgaria
Flag of Albania.svg
Albania
Simple Labarum.svg 1185
Byzantine Empire
1190
Principality of Arbër
1255
Despotate of Epirus
Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg 1261
Byzantine Empire
Image-Blason Sicile Péninsulaire.svg 1272
Kingdom of Albania (Sicily)
Coat of arms of the Thopia.jpg 1368
Princedom of Albania
Coa Kastrioti Family.svg 1444
League of Lezhë
Ottoman Flag.svg 1878
Ottoman Empire
Flag of Albanian Provisional Government 1912-1914.gif 1912
Provisional Government of Albania
Albania 1914 Flag.svg 1914
Principality of Albania
Flag of Albania 1926.svg 1925
Albanian Republic
Flag Kingdom Of Albania.svg 1928
Albanian Kingdom
Flag Kingdom Of Albania.svg 1939
Albanian Kingdom (Italy)
Flag of German occupied Albania.svg 1943
Albanian Kingdom (Germany)
Flag of Albania 1946.svg 1946
Socialist People's Republic of Albania
Flag of Albania.svg 1991
Republic of Albania
Flag of Albania.svg
Albania
Simple Labarum.svg 1190
Byzantine Empire
1204
Despotate of Epirus
Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg 1272
Byzantine Empire
Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg 1453
Byzantine Empire
Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.svg 1914
Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus
Flag of Greece.svg
Greece
Simple Labarum.svg 330
Byzantine Empire
Blason Empire Latin de Constantinople.svg 1204
Latin Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1453
Ottoman Empire
Areios Pagos Anatolikis Ellados.svg 1821
Eastern Continental Greece
Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg 1822
Hellenic Republic
Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svg 1832
Kingdom of Greece
Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg 1924
Hellenic Republic
Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svg 1935
Kingdom of Greece
Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg 1941
Hellenic State (Germany and Italy)
Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svg 1944
Kingdom of Greece
Flag of Greece.svg 1974
Hellenic Republic
Flag of Greece.svg
Greece
Flag of Turkey.svg
Turkey
1077
Sultanate of Rûm
Ottoman Flag.svg 1299
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg 1821
Ottoman Empire
Flag of Turkey.svg 1923
Republic of Turkey
Flag of Turkey.svg
Turkey
Flag of Romania.svg
Romania
Dacia 168 BC
Dacia
1241
Golden Horde (Mongol Empire)
Flag of Wallachia.svg 1317
Principality of Wallachia
Flag of Wallachia.svg 1417
Principality of Wallachia (Ottoman Empire))
Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862 - 1866).svg 1859
United Principalities
Flag of Romania.svg 1881
Kingdom of Romania
Flag of Romania.svg 1918
Kingdom of Romania
Flag of Romania.svg 1940
Kingdom of Romania
Flag of Romania.svg 1941
Kingdom of Romania
Flag of Romania.svg 1944
Kingdom of Romania
Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg 1947
Socialist Republic of Romania
Flag of Romania.svg 1989
Romania
Flag of Romania.svg
Romania
1317
Golden Horde (Mongol Empire)
Flag of Moldavia.svg 1346
Principality of Moldavia
Flag of Moldavia.svg 1538
Principality of Moldavia (Ottoman Empire)
Flag of Moldavia.svg 1812
Principality of Moldavia (Ottoman Empire)
Flag of Moldova.svg
Moldova
Flag of Russia.svg 1812
Russian Empire
Flag of Russia.svg 1914
Russian Empire
Flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg 1917
Moldavian Democratic Republic
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1940
Soviet Union
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1944
Soviet Union
Flag of Moldova.svg 1991
Moldova
Flag of Moldova.svg
Moldova
Flag of Ukraine.svg
Ukraine
Yarthewise.png 880
Kievan Rus'
Yarthewise.png 1001
Kievan Rus'
Yarthewise.png 1162
Kievan Rus'
1175
Principality of Pereyaslavl
1346
Golden Horde (Mongol Empire)
Gerae-tamga.svg 1441
Crimean Khanate
Gerae-tamga.png 1478
Crimean Khanate (Ottoman Empire)
Flag of Russia.svg 1772
Russian Empire
Flag of Russia.svg 1795
Russian Empire
Naval Ensign of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg 1917
Ukrainian People's Republic
Flag of Ukrainian SSR.svg 1920
Soviet Ukraine
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1922
Soviet Union
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1939
Soviet Union
Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg 1941
Nazi Germany
Flag of Ukraine.svg 1990
Ukraine
Flag of Ukraine.svg
Ukraine
Yarthewise.png 1175
Kievan Rus'
Alex K Halych-Volhynia.svg 1199
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
1349
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1404
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg 1569
Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
Flag of Ukraine.svg 1917
West Ukrainian People's Republic
Flag of Poland.svg 1920
Republic of Poland
Flag of Belarus.svg
Belarus
1162
Principality of Turov and Pinsk
1223
Principality of Turov and Pinsk (Galicia–Volhynia)
1263
Kingdom of Belarus
Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg 1917
Belarusian People’s Republic
Flag of Belarus.svg 1990
Belarus
Flag of Belarus.svg
Belarus
Flag of Byelorussian SSR.svg 1920
Soviet Byelorussia
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1922
Soviet Union
1001
Principality of Polotsk
Flag of Russia.svg
Russia
Yarthewise.png 1001
Kievan Rus'
1010
Principality of Smolensk
Flag of Russia.svg 1917
Russian Republic
Flag of Russian SFSR.svg 1917
Soviet Russia
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg 1941
Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg 1991
Russia
Flag of Russia.svg
Russia
Yarthewise.png 1010
Kievan Rus'
1024
Principality of Chernigov
1097
Principality of Chernigov
1401
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1097
Principality of Novgorod-Seversk
1097
Principality of Murom-Ryazan
1237
Mongol Empire
1238
Mongol Empire
1240
Golden Horde (Mongol Empire)
1283
Golden Horde (Mongol Empire)
1520
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Flag of Russia.svg 1547
Tsardom of Russia
Flag of Russia.svg 1721
Russian Empire
Yarthewise.png 1024
Kievan Rus'
1093
Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
1283
Grand Duchy of Moscow (Mongol Empire)
1478
Grand Duchy of Moscow (Mongol Empire)
1480
Grand Duchy of Moscow
Yarthewise.png 1093
Kievan Rus'
1136
Novgorod Republic
Flag of Lithuania.svg
Lithuania
Baltic People 1009
Lithuanians
1251
Kingdom of Lithuania
1263
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg 1569
Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
Flag of the German Empire.svg 1914
Ober Ost (German Empire)
Flag of Lithuania 1918-1940.svg 1918
Republic of Lithuania
Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg 1941
Nazi Germany
Flag of Lithuania.svg 1990
Republic of Lithuania
Flag of Lithuania.svg
Lithuania
Flag of Latvia.svg
Latvia
Baltic People LVA Kokneses pagasts COA.png 1180
Principality of Koknese
Baltic coat of arms.svg 1207
Livonia
Baltic coat of arms.svg 1219
Livonia
Flag of the Teutonic Order.svg 1224
Teutonic Order
Flag of the Teutonic Order.svg 1346
Teutonic Order
Baltic coat of arms.svg 1525
Livonia
Baltic coat of arms.svg 1559
Livonia
Baltic coat of arms.svg 1561
Livonia
Flag of Courland (state).svg 1562
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Lithuania)
Flag of Courland (state).svg 1569
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Poland and Lithuania)
Flag of Courland (state).svg 1791
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
Flag of Latvia.svg 1918
Republic of Latvia
Flag of Latvia.svg 1990
Republic of Latvia
Flag of Latvia.svg
Latvia
POL Inflanty IRP COA.svg 1561
Duchy of Livonia (Lithuania)
POL Inflanty IRP COA.svg 1569
Duchy of Livonia (Poland and Lithuania)
Flag of Sweden.svg 1629
Swedish Livonia (Swedish Empire)
Flag of Russia.svg 1721
Russian Empire
Flag of Russia.svg 1741
Russian Empire
Flag of Estonia.svg
Estonia
Ancient Estonians Flag of Sweden.svg 1561
Duchy of Estonia (Swedish Empire)
Flag of Sweden.svg 1645
Duchy of Estonia (Swedish Empire)
Flag of Estonia.svg 1918
Republic of Estonia
Flag of Estonia.svg 1990
Republic of Estonia
Flag of Estonia.svg
Estonia
Coat of arms of Valdemar IV of Denmark.svg 1219
Duchy of Estonia (Kingdom of Denmark)
Coat of arms of Valdemar IV of Denmark.svg 1559
Duchy of Estonia (Kingdom of Denmark)
Flag of Finland.svg
Finland
Ancient Finns 1249
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg 1397
Kalmar Union
1523
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of Sweden.svg 1611
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of Sweden.svg 1718
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of Russia.svg 1809
Grand Duchy of Finland (Russian Empire)
Flag of Finland.svg 1917
Finland
Flag of Finland.svg
Finland
Flag of Sweden.svg
Sweden
1000
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of Sweden.svg 1809 Naval Jack of Sweden 1844-1905.svg 1814
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Flag of Sweden.svg 1905
Kingdom of Sweden
Flag of Sweden.svg
Sweden
Flag of Norway.svg
Norway
1035
Coat of arms of Norway (1924) no crown.svg Norway
1262
Coat of arms of Norway (1924) no crown.svg Norway
Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg 1523
Kalmar Union
Flag of Denmark.svg 1536
Denmark–Norway
Flag of Norway.svg 1905
Norway
Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg 1940
Kingdom of Norway (Nazi Germany)
Flag of Norway.svg 1945
Norway
Flag of Norway.svg
Norway
Flag of Iceland.svg
Iceland
Coat of arms of the Icelandic Commonwealth.svg 930
Icelandic Commonwealth
Flag of Denmark.svg 1814
Denmark
Light Blue Flag of Iceland.svg 1918
Kingdom of Iceland (Kingdom of Denmark)
Flag of Iceland.svg 1941
Iceland (Great Britain)
Flag of Iceland.svg 1944
Iceland
Flag of Iceland.svg
Iceland
Flag of Denmark.svg
Denmark
980
Kingdom of Denmark
Flag of Denmark.svg 1918
Denmark
Flag of Denmark.svg 1941
Denmark (Nazi Germany)
Flag of Denmark.svg 1945
Denmark
Flag of Denmark.svg
Denmark
Current Sovereign States / Decades before
1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1420 1430 1440 1450 1460 1470 1480 1490 1500 1510 1520 1530 1540 1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610 1620 1630 1640 1650 1660 1670 1680 1690 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Decades / Current Sovereign States
Empires are highlighted by color:
Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (15th Century).svg 30px|border Flag of Spain.svg Habsburg Spain, Spanish Empire, Spain
Flag of France (XIV-XVI).svg 30px|border Flag of France.svg Kingdom of France, French Empire, France
Prinsenvlag.svg 30px|border Flag of the Netherlands.svg Dutch Republic, Dutch Empire, Batavian Republic, Kingdom of Holland, United Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands
Flag of the Holy Roman Empire (1200-1350).svg 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border Flag of Germany.svg Holy Roman Empire, German Confederation, North German Confederation, German Empire, Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, Germany
Armoiries Habsbourg.svg 30px|border 30px|border Flag of Austria.svg Habsburg Austria, Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Austria
Simple Labarum.svg Flag of Palaeologus Dynasty.svg Byzantine Empire
Ottoman Flag.svg Flag of Turkey.svg Ottoman Empire, Turkey
Flag of the Mongol Empire 2.svg Mongol Empire
Coat of Arms of the Bulgarian Empire.PNG Flag of Bulgaria.svg First Bulgarian Empire, Second Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria
Flag of Russia.svg 30px|border Flag of Russia.svg Grand Duchy of Moscow, Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russia
Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg 30px|border Flag of Lithuania.svg Kingdom of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Lithuania
Flag of Sweden.svg 30px|border Flag of Sweden.svg Kingdom of Sweden, Swedish Empire, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, Sweden
Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Flag of Denmark.svg Kingdom of Denmark, Kalmar Union, Denmark-Norway, Denmark
Coat of arms of Norway (1924) no crown.svg Flag of Norway.svg Kingdom of Norway (872–1397), Norway
Flag of England.svg 30px|border 30px|border 30px|border Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Kingdom of England, Commonwealth of England, The Protectorate, Kingdom of Great Britain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom
Flag of the Kingdom of Italy.svg Flag of Italy.svg Kingdom of Italy, Italian Empire, Albanian Kingdom, Italian Islands of the Aegean, Italy

See also

  • List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
  • List of sovereign states by date of formation
  • List of predecessors of sovereign states in Europe
  • Timeline of sovereign states in North America
  • Timeline of sovereign states in Oceania