Religion:Eastern Orthodoxy by country

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Based on the numbers of adherents, the Eastern Orthodox Church (also known as Eastern Orthodoxy) is the second largest Christian communion in the world, after the Roman Catholic Church, with the most common estimates of baptised members being approximately 220 million.[1][2][3] The numerous Protestant groups in the world, if taken all together, substantially outnumber the Eastern Orthodox,[4] but they differ theologically and do not form a single communion.[5]

Overview

Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion in Russia (77%),[6][7][8] where roughly half the world's Eastern Orthodox Christians live. The religion is also heavily concentrated in the rest of Eastern Europe, where it is the majority religion in Ukraine (65.4%[9]–77%),[10] Romania (82%),[11] Belarus (48%[12]–73%[13]), Greece (95%–98%),[11] Serbia (97%),[11] Bulgaria (62.7%),[14][15] Moldova (93%),[11] Georgia (84%),[11] North Macedonia (65%),[11] Cyprus (89%)[11] and Montenegro (72%);[11] it is also predominant in the disputed territories of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria.

Significant minorities are present in several European countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina (31%),[11] Latvia (18%), Estonia (14%), Albania (7%),[16] Lithuania (4%), Croatia (4%), Slovenia (2%), and Finland (1.5%). In the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, Eastern Orthodoxy constitutes the dominant religion in northern Kazakhstan, representing 23.9% of the population of the region,[17] and is also a significant minority in Kyrgyzstan (17%), Turkmenistan (5%), Uzbekistan (5%), Azerbaijan (2%),[11] and Tajikistan (1%). In the Middle East, the most significant Eastern Orthodox populations are in Lebanon (8%),[18] Syria (5–8% prior to the 2011 civil war) in Palestine (0.5%–2.5%)[19] and Jordan (over 1%).

The percentage of Christians in Turkey, home to an historically large and influential Eastern Orthodox community, fell from 19% in 1914 to 2.5% in 1927,[20] due to genocide,[21] demographic upheavals caused by the population exchange between Greece and Turkey,[22] and the emigration of Christians to foreign countries (mostly in Europe and the Americas).[23] Today there are more than 160,000 people of different Christian denominations.[24]

Recent immigration and missionary activity have raised the numbers of Eastern Orthodox adherents in traditionally Catholic and Protestant countries, including Australia , Austria, Germany , Italy, Spain , Canada and Switzerland , where they comprise roughly 2% of the population in each.

Eastern Orthodox population by country

Eastern Orthodox population by country

The number of members of the Eastern Orthodox Church in each country has been subject to debate.[by whom?]

Each study performed that seeks to discover the number of adherents in a country may use different criteria, and be submitted to different populations. As such, some numbers may be inflated, and therefore inaccurate. Examples of this are Greece and Russia, where estimates of adherence to Eastern Orthodoxy may reach 80–98%, but where surveys found lower percentages professing Eastern Orthodoxy or belief in God. The likely reason for this disparity is that many people in majority Eastern Orthodox countries will culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, especially if they were baptized as children, even if they are not currently practicing. This includes those who may be irreligious, yet culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, or for whom Eastern Orthodox Christianity is listed on official state records. Other cases of incongruent data also might be due to counting ethnic groups from Eastern Orthodox countries rather than actual adherents. For example, the Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions in the United States, which has large numbers of immigrants from Eastern Orthodox countries, have collectively reported a total of 2–3 million across the country.[citation needed]

However, a 2010 study by Alexei Krindatch sought data from each parish, with the specific criteria of annual participation, discovering that there were only about 817,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians actively practicing their faith (i.e., attending church services on a regular basis) in the United States. The study explained that such a difference was due to a variety of circumstances, for example the higher numbers having counted all people who self-identify as Eastern Orthodox on a census regardless of active participation, or all people belonging to ethnic groups originating in Eastern Orthodox countries. This study, while initially controversial, proved groundbreaking, and has since been officially approved for use by the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America.[citation needed]

Country Total population % Eastern Orthodox[A] Eastern Orthodox total
 Albania (details) 2,621,977 6.75[B] 148,992[B][25]
 Armenia (details) 3,018,854 0.25 7,587[26]
 Australia (details) 23,824,600 2.6 563,100[27]
 Austria (details) 8,773,000 6 500,000
 Azerbaijan (details) 9,624,900 2.5 240,000
 Belarus (details) 9,349,645 83.3[28] 7,788,254
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (details) 3,502,227 31[11] 1,086,733
 Brazil (details) 210,147,125 0.064 135,000
 Bulgaria (details) 7,348,328[29] 59.4[30] 4,374,135
 Canada (details) 33,476,688 1.7 550,690[31]
 China (details) 1,386,000,000 0.001 15,000
 Croatia (details) 4,284,889 4.44[32] 195,969
 Cyprus (details) 838,897 89.1[11] 781,900
 Czech Republic (details) 10,538,275 0.2 20,533
 Egypt (details) 105,000,000 0.3 350,000[33]
 Estonia (details) 1,294,486 13.66 176,773[34][35]
 France (details) 67,150,000 1 500,000–700,000[36]
 Fiji (details) 912,241 0.022 200+[37]
 Finland (details) 5,477,359 1.1[38] 70,000
 Georgia (details) 3,713,804 83.4 3,097,312
 Germany (details) 84,270,625 3.56 3,000,000[39]
 Greece (details) 10,423,054 90[40] 9,380,749
 Grenada (details) 107,317 0.1 100[41]
 Guatemala (details) 17,263,239 3 200,000–550,000
 Israel (details) 9,010,050[11] 0.67[11] 100,000
 Italy (details) 60,795,612 1.5 900,000[42]
 Japan (details) 126,226,568 0.02 20,000[43]
 Jordan (details) 9,531,712 2–4.5 150,000–350,000
 Kazakhstan (details) 17,948,816 23.9 4,300,000[17]
 Korea, South (details) 51,413,925 0.01 6,000
 Kosovo* (details) 1,433,842 1.48[C] 25,837[C]
 Kyrgyzstan (details) 5,895,100 17[44] 1,000,000
 Latvia (details) 2,027,000 17.9 370,000[45]
 Lebanon (details) 4,525,247 9 330,000
 Lithuania (details) 2,966,954 4.2 125,189[46]
 Madagascar (details) 26,262,313 0.057 15,000[47]
 Mexico (details) 121,736,809 0.012 15,000
 Moldova (details) 3,383,332 93.3 3,158,015[48]
 Montenegro (details) 629,320 81 509,749[49]
 New Zealand (details) 4,599,327 0.3 13,883[17]
 North Macedonia (details) 2,022,547 69.8 1,610,184[50]
 Norway (details) 5,328,212 0.41 21,993[51]
 Palestine (details) 4,550,368 2.5[19] 100,000
 Poland (details) 38,386,000 1.4 504,400[52]
 Romania (details) 20,121,641 81.1 16,321,389[53]
 Russia (details)[54] 145,500,000 72[6][7] 101,450,000[55]–104,000,000[56][57]
 Serbia (details) 7,237,375 84 6,079,395[58]
 Slovakia (details) 5,397,036 0.9 49,133[59]
 Slovenia (details) 2,055,496 2.2 45,000
 Spain (details) 46,464,053 3.1 1,500,000
 Sweden (details) 9,775,572 1.5 145,279[60]
  Switzerland (details) 8,211,700 1.7 140,000[61]
 Syria (details) 22,457,336 3.1 700,000
 Tajikistan (details) 8,208,000 2 160,000
 Transnistria (details) 505,153 91[62] 460,000
 Turkey (details) 84,277,439 0.02 16,000[63]
 Turkmenistan (details) 5,171,643 5.3[64] 270,000
 Ukraine (details) 40,000,000 65.4–76.6[10] 27,802,000[9]–34,850,000[10]
 United States (details) 321,163,157 1.55 1,043,850[65]
 United Kingdom (details) 67,886,011 0.7 475,000
 Uzbekistan (details) 29,559,100 5[66] 1,000,000
TOTAL 3,331,625,296 6.6033 ~220 million[2]
A Countries with the majority of their population identifying as Eastern Orthodox are shown in light blue.
B As per census (unreliable, deemed corrupt) number likely upwards of 20% of population.
C As per census (boycotted by Northern Kosovo and by some Serbs in the south).

Eastern Orthodox Church by jurisdiction

Further information: Religion:Eastern Orthodox Church organization

Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Churches

The Eastern Orthodox Church is organized as a union of several autocephalous subdivisions, which are also called "Churches" (or, sometimes, "jurisdictions"). Some are associated with a specific country, while others are not. This table presents some known data regarding individual jurisdictions. "NA" means that data is not available.

Eastern Orthodox Church by jurisdiction
Jurisdiction Bishops Priests Monastics Monasteries Parishes
Constantinople 125 NA 1,800[Note 1] 142 648
Alexandria 41 NA NA NA NA
Antioch 36 NA NA NA NA
Jerusalem 20 NA NA NA NA
Russia 217 30,675 NA 807 30,142
Serbia 45 NA NA 286 3,100
Romania 53 15,068 7,605 359 15,717
Bulgaria 15 1,500 NA 120 2,600
Georgia 37 730 NA NA 600
Cyprus 16 NA NA 67 NA
Greece 101 10,000 3,541[67] 646[67] 9,146[68]
Poland 12 NA NA NA 400
Albania 6 135 NA 150 909
Czech Lands & Slovakia 6 NA NA NA 172
Orthodox Church in America 50 2700 NA 100 1200
Ukraine NA NA NA NA 7,000[69][70]
North Macedonia/
Macedonian Orthodox Church 		NA NA NA NA NA
Total 743 54,382 12,946 2,256 61,939

Notes

  1. ↑ This is including Mount Athos

References

  1. ↑ Fairchild, Mary (17 March 2017). "Eastern Orthodox Denomination". ThoughtCo.. https://www.thoughtco.com/eastern-orthodox-church-denomination-700624. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Brien, Joanne O.; Palmer, Martin (2007) (in en). The Atlas of Religion. Univ of California Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-520-24917-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=PbIwDwAAQBAJ&q=russian+orthodox+church+followers+membership+adherents+million&pg=PT12. "There are over 220 million Orthodox Christians worldwide." 
  3. ↑ "BBC – Religions – Christianity: Eastern Orthodox Church". https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/easternorthodox_1.shtml. 
  4. ↑ Jay Diamond, Larry. Plattner, Marc F. and Costopoulos, Philip J. World Religions and Democracy. 2005, page 119.(also in PDF file , p. 49), saying "Not only do Protestants presently constitute 13 percent of the world's population—about 800 million people—but since 1900 Protestantism has spread rapidly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America." "Archived copy". http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/bmoraski/Democratization/Woodberry04_JOD.pdf. 
  5. ↑ Major Branches of Religions
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 VTSIOM
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Public Opinion Foundation
  8. ↑ There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada Center determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOM's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORI 's 2011 survey (69%).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 РЕЛІГІЯ, ЦЕРКВА, СУСПІЛЬСТВО І ДЕРЖАВА: ДВА РОКИ ПІСЛЯ МАЙДАНУ (Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan) , 2016 report by Razumkov Center in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27-29.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Pewforum: Christianity (2010)". http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 "Field Listing :: Religions". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html. 
  12. ↑ Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus by the Commissioner on Religions and Nationalities of the Republic of Belarus from November 2011
  13. ↑ Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe: National and religious identities converge in a region once dominated by atheist regimes
  14. ↑ National Statistical Institute (2022). "Population by Religious Denomination, Statistical Regions and Districts as of 07/09/2021". https://infostat.nsi.bg/infostat/pages/reports/result.jsf?x_2=2001. 
  15. ↑ "Преброяване 2021: Етнокултурна характеристика на населението". National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria. https://nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2021_ethnos.pdf. 
  16. ↑ Religion in Albania#Religious demography
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Table 28, 2013 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables.
  18. ↑ Lebanon – International Religious Freedom Report 2010 U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 14 February 2010.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 The World Factbook
  20. ↑ İçduygu, Ahmet; Toktaş, Şule; Ali Soner, B. (1 February 2008). "The politics of population in a nation-building process: emigration of non-Muslims from Turkey". Ethnic and Racial Studies 31 (2): 358–389. doi:10.1080/01419870701491937. 
  21. ↑ Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies—Introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820. S2CID 71515470.
  22. ↑ Chapter The refugees question in Greece (1821-1930) in "Θέματα Νεοελληνικής Ιστορίας", ΟΕΔΒ ("Topics from Modern Greek History"). 8th edition. Nikolaos Andriotis. 2008. 
  23. ↑ Quarterly, Middle East (2001). "'Editors' Introduction: Why a Special Issue?: Disappearing Christians of the Middle East" (PDF). Middle East Quarterly (Editors' Introduction). http://www.meforum.org/487/editors-introduction-why-a-special-issue. Retrieved 11 June 2013. 
  24. ↑ "Religions". Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html#tu. 
  25. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf. 
  26. ↑ "Armenian Census 2011" (in hy). p. 7. http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf. 
  27. ↑ "2071.0 - Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013". http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/2071.0Main%20Features902012%E2%80%932013. 
  28. ↑ "Generations and Gender Survey, 2020 Belarus Wave 1". http://ggpsurvey.ined.fr/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V4&v=2&previousmode=table&stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V2061&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V5&V4slice=1&V2061slice=1&analysismode=table&study=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FGGS2020.W1.30&language=en&mode=table&top=yes. 
  29. ↑ "Population, total". United Nations. The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL. 
  30. ↑ "People and Society :: Bulgaria – Religions". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html. 
  31. ↑ "The Daily — 2011 National Household Survey: Immigration, place of birth, citizenship, ethnic origin, visible minorities, language and religion". 8 May 2013. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA. 
  32. ↑ "Naslovna". http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/usp_04_HR.htm. 
  33. ↑ "Egypt Religions & Peoples". Encyclopedia. LookLex. September 30, 2008. http://looklex.com/e.o/egypt.religions.htm. 
  34. ↑ "PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011". Statistics Estonia. 31 December 2011. http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=PC0454&lang=1. 
  35. ↑ "PHC 2011: over a quarter of the population are affiliated with a particular religion". Statistics Estonia. 29 April 2013. http://www.stat.ee/65352?parent_id=39113. 
  36. ↑ "France currently home to 500-700,000 Orthodox Christians and growing". http://orthochristian.com/105307.html. 
  37. ↑ "Επίσκεψη στην Ορθόδοξη Ιεραποστολή στα νησιά Φίτζι (ΦΩΤΟΡΕΠΟΡΤΑΖ)". 29 September 2018. https://www.ekklisiaonline.gr/patriarxeia/episkepsi-stin-orthodoxi-ierapostoli-sta-nisia-fitzi-fotoreportaz/. 
  38. ↑ "Population". http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#structure. 
  39. ↑ "Rund Drei Millionen Orthodoxe Christen Deutschland". 11 May 2022. https://www.domradio.de/artikel/rund-drei-millionen-orthodoxe-christen-deutschland. 
  40. ↑ "Religious affiliation in central and eastern Europe". 10 May 2017. https://www.pewforum.org/2017/05/10/religious-affiliation/. 
  41. ↑ "St. George's: Orthodox Community in Grenada to open New Mission Parish". https://eadiocese.org/news_190308_1. 
  42. ↑ Caritas Dossier Immigrazione 2007
  43. ↑ "Religions in Japan | PEW-GRF". http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/japan/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=33&affiliations_year=2010. 
  44. ↑ United States Department of State
  45. ↑ "Tieslietu ministrija iesniegtie religisko organizaciju parskati par darbibu 2011. gada" (in lv). http://www.tm.gov.lv/lv/labumi/TM.docx. 
  46. ↑ Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. "Ethnicity, mother tongue and religion". http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/en/web/guest/pranesimai-spaudai?articleId=223122. . 2013-03-15.
  47. ↑ "Нищета и надежда православного Мадагаскара". https://www.pravmir.ru/ma-da-gas-kar/. 
  48. ↑ 2004 census
  49. ↑ "Popis stanovništva, domacinstava i stanova u Crnoj Gori 2011. godine" [Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011] (PDF) (Press release) (in srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски and English). Statistical office, Montenegro. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
  50. ↑ http://www.stat.gov.mk/publikacii/knigaX.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  51. ↑ "First Romanian Orthodox church in Norway consecrated". https://orthochristian.com/124135.html. 
  52. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2016, Warszawa 2017, tab. 18(80), s. 115
  53. ↑ 2011 Census Religion Statistics (final results) (in Romanian)
  54. ↑ There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, ARENA determined that about 46.8% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the Levada Center determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the Public Opinion Foundation determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with Pew's 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with VTSIOM's 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with Ipsos MORI 's 2011 survey (69%).
  55. ↑ http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 Public Opinion Foundation
  56. ↑ "Russia Fast Facts - Population, Flag, Visa, Religion". http://masterrussian.com/russia/facts.htm. 
  57. ↑ "How Putin Uses Russian Orthodoxy to Grow His Empire". https://www.heritage.org/europe/commentary/how-putin-uses-russian-orthodoxy-grow-his-empire. 
  58. ↑ (in sr) Etnokonfesionalni i jezički mozaik Srbije, 2011. Belgrade: Republički zavod za statistiku. 2015. p. 181. https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2015/Pdf/G20154001.pdf. Retrieved 8 February 2020. 
  59. ↑ "Table 14 Population by religion". Statistical Office of the SR. 2011. http://portal.statistics.sk/files/table-14.pdf. 
  60. ↑ https://www.myndighetensst.se/download/18.619a13c216d889e2bad4b1fa/1572609036593/The%20Religious%20landscape_La%CC%8Aguppl.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  61. ↑ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung ab 15 Jahren nach Religions- / Konfessionszugehörigkeit, 2011-2013" (in de) (XLS). Neuchâtel: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/news/01/nip_detail.Document.193976.xls. 
  62. ↑ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Transnistria (unrecognised state): Overview". Refworld. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121016213958/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2C%2CCOUNTRYPROF%2CRUS%2C%2C4954ce57c%2C0.html. Retrieved 30 June 2012. 
  63. ↑ "Rum Orthodox Christians". minorityrights.org. 5 February 2005. http://www.minorityrights.org/4412/turkey/rum-orthodox-christians.html. 
  64. ↑ "Religions in Turkmenistan | PEW-GRF". http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/turkmenistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016. 
  65. ↑ Krindatch, Alexei (2011). "Orthodox Christian Churches in the United States: 2010". Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches. Brookline, MA: Holy Cross Orthodox Press. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-935317-23-4. http://hirr.hartsem.edu/research/AtlasAmericanOrthodoxChurchesSample.pdf. 
  66. ↑ United States Department of State
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 "CNEWA – Church of Greece". http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg-us.aspx?eccpageID=23&IndexView=toc. 
  68. ↑ Apostolos Lakasas (6 January 2017). "Greece's many places of worship". https://www.ekathimerini.com/society/215056/greece-s-many-places-of-worship/. Retrieved 30 December 2021. 
  69. ↑ "Epifaniy: Orthodox Church of Ukraine counts nearly 7,000 parishes and is open to other communities". https://risu.org.ua/en/index/all_news/orthodox/ocu/74009/. 
  70. ↑ (in Ukrainian) In the CPC, the number of parishes and commented on the seizure of temples, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 December 2018)



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