Religion:Krodh

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Short description: Wrath or rage in Sikh tradition


Krodh (Gurmukhi: ਕਰੋਧ Karōdha) is derived from the Sanskrit word krodha (क्रोध), which means wrath or rage.[1][2][3] This is an state of mind recognized in Sikh philosophy as a spring of desire and is as such classified as one of the five evils.[1][2][3]

Terms

Within the Sikh canon, the terms 'krodh' and 'kop' (a synonym) are both used to give name to this emotion.[1]

Description

It expresses itself in several forms from quiet seething to outbursts and even physical violence.[1] In the Sikh scriptures, krodh usually appears linked to and in association with kam (another of the five thieves) — as "kam krodh".[1] The merging of these two words is not merely for the sake of rhythmic effect.[1] Krodh (ire) is the direct derivative of kam (desire).[1] The latter when foiled or rejected manufactures the former.[1] The scripture also includes krodh as being among the four rivers of fire.[1]

It is important to note that righteous anger or annoyance against wickedness, despotism, and imperiousness is not seen as the same as krodh as an undesirable passion.[1] Several verses contained within the Guru Granth Sahib, especially ones authored by Guru Nanak and Bhagat Kabir, convey in forceful words their disapprobation of the moral, religious, and societal corruption of their period.[1]

Solution

A Sikh must aim to eliminate the negative influences of krodh from his life.[1] Krodh is tamed by humility (nimrata) and by placing one's trust to the fullest extent in God.[1]

Scriptural excerpts

"Violence, attachment, covetousness and wrath," says Guru Nanak "are like four rivers of fire; those who fall in them burn, and can swim across, O Nanak, only through God's grace" (GG, 147).[1] In other places Guru Nanak states, "Kam and krodh dissolve the body as borax melts gold" (GG, 932).[1]

Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh guru, describes the evil of krodh in this hymn: "O krodh, thou enslavest sinful men and then caperest around them like an ape. In thy company men become base and are punished variously by Death's messengers. The Merciful God, the Eradicator of the sufferings of the humble, O Nanak, alone saveth all" (GG, 1358).[1]

Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh guru, informs about the dangers of krodh: "Do not go near those who are possessed by wrath uncontrollable" (GG, 40).[1]

Guru Arjan's instruction on dealing with krodh: "Do not be angry with any one; search your own self and live in the world with humility.[1] Thus, O Nanak, you may go across (the ocean of existence) under God's grace" (GG, 259).[1]

Shaikh Farid, a Muslim saint in-which a substantial portion of hymns authored by him are preserved in the primary Sikh scripture, says in one of his couplets: "O Farid, do good to him who hath done thee evil and do not nurse anger in thy heart; no disease will then afflict thy body and all felicities shall be thine" (GG, 1381–82).[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 Singh, Harbans (2011). The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism (3rd ed.). Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 531–532. ISBN 978-81-7380-204-1. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mann, Gurinder Singh (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press. pp. 140. ISBN 9780198029878. "In addition, Guru Nanak urges human beings to avoid lust (kam), anger (krodh), greed (lobh), attachment (moh) ... These are called the "five thieves" (panj chor), and the need to control them is a repeated theme in Guru Nanak's hymns; ..." 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cole, W. Owen; Sambhi, Piara Singh (2005). A Popular Dictionary of Sikhism: Sikh Religion and Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 84–85. ISBN 9781135797607. "Guru Amar Das stated, 'Within this body are hidden five thieves: they are lust, wrath, greed, attachment and egoism. They steal away the nectar within us ... In Punjabi the names of the five vices are, kam, krodh, lobh, moh, and hankar." 

Bibliography

  1. Sabadarth Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Amritsar, 1964
  2. Jodh Singh, Bhai, Gurmat Nirnaya. Ludhiana, 1932
  3. Sher Singh, The Philosophy of Sikhism. Lahore, 1944
  4. Avtar Singh, Ethics of the Sikhs. Patiala, 1970
  5. Nirbhai Singh, Philosophy of Sikhism. Delhi, 1990

Above adapted from article By L. M. Joshi



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