Religion:Royal peculiar

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Short description: English church under the direct jurisdiction of the monarch

A royal peculiar is a Church of England parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the diocese and the province in which it lies, and subject to the direct jurisdiction of the monarch or, in Cornwall, of the Duke of Cornwall.

Definition

The church parish system dates from Saxon times when most early churches were provided by the lord whose estate land coincided with that of the parish. A donative parish (or "peculiar") was one that was exempt from diocesan jurisdiction.[1] There are several reasons for peculiars but usually they were held by a senior churchman from another district, parish or diocese. They could include the separate or "peculiar" jurisdiction of the monarch, another archbishop or bishop, or the dean and chapter of a cathedral (also, the Knights Templar and the Knights Hospitaller).[2] An archbishop's peculiar is subject to the direct jurisdiction of an archbishop and a royal peculiar is subject to the direct jurisdiction of the monarch.[3]

Most peculiars survived the Reformation but, with the exception of royal peculiars, were finally abolished during the 19th century by various Acts of Parliament and became subject to the jurisdiction of the diocese in which they lay, although a few non-royal peculiars still exist.[2][3] The majority of royal peculiars that remain are within the Diocese of London.[4]

Present day

London

Westminster Abbey
  • The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, commonly known as Westminster Abbey, and containing the Henry VII Chapel, which is the chapel of the Order of the Bath.[4]
  • The chapels associated with the Chapel Royal, which refers not to a building but to an establishment in the Royal household, a body of priests and singers who explicitly serve the spiritual needs of the sovereign. Since the 18th century, because the Bishop of London is customarily appointed the Dean of the Chapel Royal, the bishop typically has authority of these chapels as dean, instead of as bishop even though they are geographically within the Diocese of London.[5]
    • The Chapel Royal, St James's Palace[4]
    • The Queen's Chapel, St James's Palace[4]
    • The Chapel Royal, Hampton Court[4]
    • The Chapel of St John the Evangelist in the White Tower of the Tower of London[4]
    • The Chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Inner Ward of the Tower of London[4]
    • The King's Chapel of the Savoy,[4] inaugurated as a Chapel Royal in November 2016,[6] is a private chapel of the sovereign in right of the Duchy of Lancaster. It is the chapel of the Royal Victorian Order. The number of members of the order in recent years has outgrown the available space in the Savoy Chapel so the service for those who have received awards is now held in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, every four years.[7]
  • The Chapel of St Mary Undercroft,[8] the crypt of the former St Stephen's Chapel in the Palace of Westminster. The building is administered through the Lord Great Chamberlain and Black Rod and it has no dedicated clergy: by convention services were conducted by the Rector of St Margaret's, Westminster, a member of the Chapter of Westminster Abbey. In 2010, the Speaker of the House of Commons used his right of appointment of his Chaplain to nominate an outsider, the Revd Rose Hudson-Wilkin.[9]
  • The Royal Foundation of St Katharine[10] founded in 1147 by Queen Matilda of England[11] as a religious community and medieval hospital for poor infirm people next to the Tower of London
  • Temple Church, built by the Knights Templar in the City of London[12]

Edinburgh

  • Chapel Royal, Holyrood Palace[4]

Cambridge

  • The Church of St Edward, King and Martyr[4]

Windsor

  • St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, the Chapel of the Order of the Garter[4]
  • Royal Chapel of All Saints (in the grounds of the Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park)[4]

Former royal peculiars

  • St Michael's Collegiate Church, Penkridge near Wolverhampton[13]
  • St Michael and All Angels' Church, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton 1247–1548[14]
  • Canons of Dover Priory, until 1130[15]
  • Holy Trinity, Minories, London, until 1730[16]
  • St Mary and St Alkelda, Middleham, North Yorkshire, until 1856[17]
  • Wimborne Minster, Dorset, 1318–1846[18]
  • St Peter's Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton, 1479–1846[19]
  • The Deanery of St Buryan, Cornwall, comprising St Buryan's Church in St Buryan, St Sennen's Church, Sennen, and St Levan's Church, St Levan, until 1850,[20] and was a peculiar under the jurisdiction of the Duchy of Cornwall with the dean appointed by the duke.[21]
  • The Deanery of Bridgnorth, Shropshire, until 1856[22]
  • Dorchester Abbey in Dorchester on Thames, Oxfordshire, 1536–1837[23]
  • The Collegiate Church and Royal Free Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, St Mary's Church, Shrewsbury, until 1856[24]
  • St Mary's Church, Stafford[25]

Non-royal peculiars

  • St Mary-le-Bow, City of London[26] (until 1850)
  • The Parish of Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales[27]
  • The Parish of Southwick, Hampshire (St James, Southwick and St Nicholas, Boarhunt)[lower-alpha 1][29]
  • Charterhouse chapel, Islington, London[30]
  • The Peculiar (or Peculier) of Masham, North Yorkshire[31]
  • Church of St Mary the Virgin, Hornby, North Yorkshire[32]
  • Christ Church, Oxford[lower-alpha 2][33]
  • All college chapels of the University of Oxford
  • Christ Church, Bath, Somerset[34]
  • Chapel of St Lawrence, Warminster, Wiltshire; bought by the townspeople in 1574, administered by feoffees.[35][36]

The following chapels of the Inns of Court are extra-diocesan, and therefore peculiars, but not royal:

  • Lincoln's Inn Chapel[37]
  • Gray's Inn Chapel[37]

See also

  • Exemption (Catholic canon law)
  • Extra-parochial area
  • Proprietary chapel

Related concepts in secular government

  • Demesne
  • Imperial immediacy
  • Independent city

Notes

  1. ↑ The parish is unique in being a ‘peculiar’ parish (one of only two left in the country). The chaplain was not appointed by the bishop but by the squire who is officially the ‘Lay Prior, Ordinary, Patron and Rector of the Peculiar and Parish of Southwick’. This has been the case since the dissolution of Southwick Priory, in 1539. St Nicholas, Boarhunt dates from 1064, and St James, Southwick (officially St James-without-the-priory-gate), may also be pre-Norman Conquest, although it has less surviving original fabric.[28]
  2. ↑ Christ Church is a joint foundation of a College of Oxford and the Cathedral Church of the Diocese of Oxford. The Crown is the "Visitor" of the cathedral not the Bishop.[33]

Citations

  1. ↑ Friar 2004, p. 309.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hey 2008, p. 532.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Chisolm 1911, p 36. Line four onwards:- "As a term of ecclesiastical law “peculiar” is applied to.....".
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 "Church of England | Dioceses". Anglicans Online. 12 June 2011. http://www.anglicansonline.org/uk-europe/england/dioceses/index.html#peculiar. 
  5. ↑ "The Dean of Her Majesty's Chapels Royal". London: Diocese of London. https://www.london.anglican.org/about/the-dean-of-her-majestys-chapels-royal/. 
  6. ↑ "The Queen's Chapel of the Savoy". London: The Duchy of Lancaster. 2015. https://www.duchyoflancaster.co.uk/about-the-duchy/duties-of-the-duchy/the-queens-chapel-of-the-savoy/. 
  7. ↑ Royal Household. "The Queen and the UK > Queen and Honours > Royal Victorian Order". http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/RoyalVictorianOrder.aspx. 
  8. ↑ "The Chapel of St Mary Undercroft – UK Parliament". Parliament.uk. 21 April 2010. http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/estatehistory/the-middle-ages/chapel-st-mary-undercroft-/. 
  9. ↑ Boffey, Daniel (27 November 2011). "First female Commons chaplain tells laddish MPs: grow up, boys". The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2011/nov/27/commons-chaplain-warns-mps. 
  10. ↑ "About Us". London: Royal Foundation of St Katherine. http://www.rfsk.org.uk/about. 
  11. ↑ History page of the Foundation's official website
  12. ↑ Inner Temple Library website (retrieved 10 August 2018)
  13. ↑ G. C. Baugh, et al. "Colleges: Penkridge, St Michael". In: A History of the County of Stafford. Volume 3, ed. M. W. Greenslade and R. B. Pugh (London, 1970), pp. 298–303. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "Tettenhall Royal Free Chapel". The National Archives. http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/d71530b1-51d7-4275-90c2-0bd1deb65aab. 
  15. ↑ Willam Page, ed (1926). "Houses of Benedictine monks: The priory of Dover". A History of the County of Kent: Volume 2. Institute of Historical Research. pp. 133–137. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38192. 
  16. ↑ Tomlinson 1907, Chapter X.
  17. ↑ "Collegiate churches: Other churches (except Beverley and York)," in A History of the County of York: Volume 3, ed. William Page (London: Victoria County History, 1974), 359-375. British History Online, accessed June 15, 2021, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/vol3/pp359-375.
  18. ↑ "A Brief History of the Minster". Wimborne Minster and the Northern Villages. http://www.wimborneminster.org.uk/113/a-brief-history-of-the-minster.html. 
  19. ↑ M. W. Greenslade; R. B., eds (1970). "Colleges: Wolverhampton, St Peter". A History of the County of Stafford. Institute of Historical Research. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol3/pp321-331. 
  20. ↑ Denton 1970, p. 116.
  21. ↑ Blight, John Thomas (1885). Churches of West Cornwall (2nd ed.). Parker & Co. 
  22. ↑ Denton 1970, p. 109.
  23. ↑ Mary Lobel, ed (1962). "Parishes: Dorchester". A History of the County of Oxford. Institute of Historical Research. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63767&strquery=pec. 
  24. ↑ Denton 1970, p. 122.
  25. ↑ M. W. Greenslade; R. B., eds (1970). "Colleges: Stafford, St Mary". A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3. Institute of Historical Research. pp. 39–64. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=37873&strquery=peculiar. 
  26. ↑ Hoskin, Brooke & Dobson 2005, pp. 159-160.
  27. ↑ "GENUKI: Hawarden, Flintshire". http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/wal/FLN/Hawarden. 
  28. ↑ "St James Southwick Parish Website". St James, Southwick. http://www.stjamessouthwick.org.uk/. 
  29. ↑ "St James, Southwick Page on the Portsmouth Diocese Website". Portsmouth Diocese. http://portsmouth.anglican.org/who_we_are/deaneries/bishops_waltham/churches/st_james_southwick/?print=1&cHash=24985e4a64d5115e03c360294fb56e0a. 
  30. ↑ "Chapel Services". London: The Charterhouse. http://www.thecharterhouse.org/chapel-services. 
  31. ↑ Hoskin, Brooke & Dobson 2005, p. 2.
  32. ↑ McCall, H. B. (1910). Richmondshire Churches. London: E Stock. p. 58. OCLC 6723172. https://archive.org/details/richmondshirechu00mccaiala. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Annual Report and Financial Statements". Christ Church. 2017-07-31. p. 5. http://d307gmaoxpdmsg.cloudfront.net/collegeaccounts1617/Christ_Church.pdf. 
  34. ↑ "Christ Church, Bath website". http://christchurchbath.org/index.php/church-life/history. 
  35. ↑ Historic England. "Chapel of St Lawrence (1193945)". National Heritage List for England. https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1193945. 
  36. ↑ "St Lawrence Chapel Warminster" (in en). https://www.stlawrencechapelwarminster.co.uk/. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Briden 2013, p. 61.

References

External links



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