Religion:Tiruvaymoli
The Tiruvaymoli (Tamil: திருவாய்மொழி; )[1][2] is a 1102-verse Tamil poem, composed in the ninth century by the Hindu poet-saint Nammalvar, who is regarded as the foremost of the Alvar saints of South India. It is the most prominent work of the Naalayira Divya Prabandham, a compilation of the Alvars towards the devotion of Vishnu.[3] It is frequently referred to as the Tamil or Dravida Veda.[2]
The poem is divided into 10 sections (pattu) of about 100 verses each. Each hundred is divided into 10 decads (tiruvaymoli) 28 of 10 verses (pasuram) each. A special feature of the poem is that it is in the style of an antati, that is, the last words of one verse forms the opening words of the next one. This is carried on through all 1,102 verses; the last words of the poem are also the first words of the poem. Nammalvar is said to have stated that these “thousand songs are to be spread abroad by people of the Tamil land, musicians and devotees”. The deity Vishnu, addressed in these poems, is also exalted in Sanskrit myth and epic. In this poem, Vishnu is himself a symbol of the coalescence between Tamil and Sanskrit literatures. Nammalvar's poems are addressed to Tirumal or Mayon, “the dark one,” the god of the mullai landscape and of Sangam poems - who is identified with Vishnu. Sanskrit myths are known to Nammalvar, and he alludes to them frequently, but it is Vishnu who is cast in the role of a king and a lover, reminiscent of the heroes of the war and love poems of the ancient Tamil. Drawing upon classical Tamil poetry, the conventions are adapted to the devotional milieu.[4]
Significance
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The Tamil Veda is not an imitation of the Sanskrit Veda or even a translation; it is considered to have been revealed through the twelve Alvars and primarily through Nammalvar, a poet-saint who lived between the eighth and ninth centuries C.E. This work is considered to be historic since no vernacular language had hitherto been held to be the medium of revelation within Hinduism; no other work had been called a Veda. For the first time in Hindu consciousness, hymns in a language other than Sanskrit were considered to be revealed. According to Sri Vaishnava tradition, the message of both these Vedas were considered to be the same, and later theologians went to elaborate lengths to show how their ideas parallel each other.[2] Selections from the Tiruvaymoli are recited daily at Sri Vaishnava homes, often recited at its entirety at funeral services, ancestral rites, birthdays of saints, rituals regarding pregnancy, and at the investiture ceremonies of young boys, known as the Upanayana.[5] Each set of the ten verses of the poem are presented containing a coherent theme in its commentaries, the main philosophical idea condensed into a single verse.[6]
References
- ↑ Nammalvar (2020-02-17) (in en). Endless Song. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5305-779-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=kt7QDwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Carman, John; Carman, Research Fellow and Senior Lecturer John; Narayanan, Vasudha; Narayanan, Professor Vasudha (1989-05-17) (in en). The Tamil Veda: Pillan's Interpretation of the Tiruvaymoli. University of Chicago Press. pp. 4. ISBN 978-0-226-09305-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=FrATjqi_QIUC&q=tiruvaymoli&pg=PR11.
- ↑ Narayanan, Vasudha; Nammāḻvār (1994) (in en). The Vernacular Veda: Revelation, Recitation, and Ritual. Univ of South Carolina Press. pp. 2. ISBN 978-0-87249-965-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=x8uL8ki9-D8C&dq=tiruvaymoli+naalayira&pg=PA2.
- ↑ Carman, John; Carman, Research Fellow and Senior Lecturer John; Narayanan, Vasudha; Narayanan, Professor Vasudha (1989-05-17) (in en). The Tamil Veda: Pillan's Interpretation of the Tiruvaymoli. University of Chicago Press. pp. 20. ISBN 978-0-226-09305-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=FrATjqi_QIUC&q=tiruvaymoli&pg=PR11.
- ↑ Timm, Jeffrey R. (1992-01-01) (in en). Texts in Context: Traditional Hermeneutics in South Asia. SUNY Press. pp. 87. ISBN 978-0-7914-0796-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ryswPhIBcZkC&q=tiruvaymoli&pg=PA85.
- ↑ Timm, Jeffrey R. (1992-01-01) (in en). Texts in Context: Traditional Hermeneutics in South Asia. SUNY Press. pp. 88. ISBN 978-0-7914-0796-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=ryswPhIBcZkC&q=tiruvaymoli&pg=PA85.
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