Religion:Types of water in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

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Water in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is divided into two types, Mutlaq and Mudaf for Tahara. Tahara or Taharah (the opposite of Najis) is an essential aspect of Islam. It means to remove all physical impurities (Najāsat[1]) that blocks valid worship by Wudu or Ghusl.[2]

Water divisions in Fiqh

Water in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is divided into two types:[3]

  • Mutlaq
  • Mudaf (Mudaaf or Mudhaf)

َAccording to Fiqh only Tahara (Wudu or Ghusl) is valid with Mutlaq Water.

Mutlaq

Etymology

Mutlaq is an Arabic word that means to absolute or pure.[4] The word means is used by Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) to refer to pure water.[5]

Definition in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

Mutlaq water is the same natural water when it fall out of the sky or coming out of the earth. In Fiqh, natural water is called Mutlaq water when no adjective or anything is added to the water which would change its natural condition. Water is still called Mutlaq water if it stays pure during the change such as e.g. mud, soil, stagnation, fallen leaves or collection of straw, etc., or the salt, sulfur, and other minerals that it contains at its source or picks up in its course.[6]

Muslims can use Mutlaq water to wudu, ghusl, or any worship that needs to purity themselves.[7]

Type of Mutlaq water

The types of Mutlaq water are as follows:[8]

  • Kurr water: is a certain quantity of Mutlaq water (480 kg) that does not become Najis (impure) if it comes in contact with Najis things, also Kurr water can purge Najis things.[9]
  • Qalil Water: is a specific quantity of water that is lesser than kurr water and is not Surface runoff or well water. Qalil water becomes Najis If it comes into contact with Najis.[10]
  • Surface runoff (overland flow): is the flow of water occurring on the ground surface.[11] Runoff includes the following:
  1. Rainwater
  2. Snow
  3. Hail
  4. Spring
  5. River
  • Water of Well
  • Seawater

Mudaf

Etymology

Mudaf (Mudaaf or Mudhaf) is an Arabic word that comes to comes from 'idaafa'.[12] Mudaf means the thing annexed.[13] The word means is used by Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) to refer to mixed water.[14]

Definition in Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence)

Mudaf water is a kind of water to which something has been added or It is not so pure that people no longer call it water. Mudaf water is used against Mutlaq water. Wudu and Ghusl are not valid with Mudaf water. Also, it cannot make clean what has become Najis.[15][6]

Type of Mudaf water

some examples of Mudaf water is as follows: Extremely muddy water, rosewater, water extracted from fruits, lime and grape juice, rose-water and soda-water.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Tsadik, Daniel. "Najāsat". https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/najasat-SIM_0016420. 
  2. ↑ Stefon, Matt. "ṭahāra". https://www.britannica.com/topic/tahara-Islam. 
  3. ↑ Wahrman, Miryam Z. (3 May 2016). The Hand Book: Surviving in a Germ-Filled World. ForeEdge; 1st edition (May 3, 2016). ISBN 978-1611685244. https://books.google.com/books?id=jM69CwAAQBAJ&dq=Water+Mutlaq+and+Mudaf&pg=PA50. 
  4. ↑ "Mutlaq - مطلق meanings in English". https://meaningin.com/urdu-to-english/mutlaq-in-english. 
  5. ↑ Sabiq, Sayyid (June 1986). Fiqh us Sunnah 5 Vol Together. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (July 6, 2017). ISBN 978-1548026998. https://books.google.com/books?id=uR5MCwAAQBAJ&q=Fiqh+Us-sunnah. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mughniyya, Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya. "The Five Schools of Islamic Law". https://www.al-islam.org/five-schools-islamic-law-muhammad-jawad-mughniyya/1-taharah-ritual-purity. 
  7. ↑ Ismail Buyukcelebi (2005). Living in the Shade of Islam: A Comprehensive Reference of Theory and Practice. Tughra (March 1, 2005). ISBN 978-1932099867. https://books.google.com/books?id=53EPNr8qeLgC&dq=Muslims+can+use+Mutlaq+water+to+wudu%2C+ghusl%2C&pg=PA164. 
  8. ↑ Hossein Wahid Khorasani (16 December 2014). Islamic Laws. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (December 16, 2014). ISBN 978-1505606799. https://books.google.com/books?id=feAJBgAAQBAJ&dq=Type+of+Mutlaq+water&pg=PA16. 
  9. ↑ Mohammed Kazem Yazdi. Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa. 1. p. 38-39. 
  10. ↑ Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai (1985). Universality of Islam. Islamic Seminary Publications, 1985. ISBN 9780941724098. https://books.google.com/books?id=OnowAAAAYAAJ&q=what+is+Qalil+Water+in+islam. 
  11. ↑ Society, National Geographic (2011-01-21). "runoff" (in en). http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/runoff/. 
  12. ↑ "The Mudaaf & Mudaaf Ilayhi". http://www.zaufishan.co.uk/2020/07/mudaaf-mudaaf-ilayhi-arabic.html. 
  13. ↑ Karin C. Ryding, A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 205 [§8.1].
  14. ↑ Saptaningtyas, Haryani (30 November 2021). "This is our belief around here". LIT Verlag (November 30, 2021). ISBN 978-3643913265. https://books.google.com/books?id=uSIGEAAAQBAJ&dq=mudaf+means+is+used+to+refer+to+mixed+water+in+islam&pg=PA131. 
  15. ↑ Mohammed Kazem Yazdi. Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa. 1. p. 330-331. 




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