Social:Bǽh-oe-tu
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Bǽh-oe-tu (abbr. BOT; Chinese: 白話字) is an orthography used to write the Haikou dialect of the Hainanese language. It was invented by Carl C. Jeremiassen, a Danish pioneer missionary in Fucheng (present-day Haikou) in 1881.
Spelling schemes
Consonants
| Bǽh-oe-tu (OT orthography) |
Bǽh-oe-tu (NT orthography) |
Example | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | 巴敗包 | ʔɓ |
| m | m | 妈母矛 | m |
| f | f | 抛派炮 | f |
| v | v | 我眉馬 | v |
| t | t | 三知聲 | t |
| d | d | 担待豆 | ʔɗ |
| n | n | 拿乃腦 | n |
| l | l | 拉利漏 | l |
| c | ts | 正鳥爭 | ts |
| s | s | 差猜抄 | s |
| j | z | 雅也熱 | z |
| k | k | 交官縣 | k |
| g | ng | 傲牙俄 | ŋ |
| kh | kh | 摳科區 | x |
| h | h | 偷听花 | h |
Vowels
| Bǽh-oe-tu (OT orthography) |
Bǽh-oe-tu (NT orthography) |
Example | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | 霸拿雅 | a |
| ai | ai | 板代在 | ai |
| au | au | 包豆九 | au |
| am | am | 斬參甘 | am |
| ag | ang | 房黨工 | aŋ |
| ab | ap | 十恰合 | ap̚ |
| ak | ak | 北毒角 | ak̚ |
| ah | ah | ... | aʔ |
| ia | ia | 兵鼎兄 | ia |
| iau | iau | 表條交 | iau |
| iam | iam | 甜針鹹 | iam |
| iag | iang | 常章江 | iaŋ |
| iab | iap | 諜接葉 | iap̚ |
| iak | iak | 鹿一菊 | iak̚ |
| iah | iah | ... | iaʔ |
| oa | oa | 般大換 | ua |
| oai | oai | 帥乖 | uai |
| oag | oang | 盤端川 | uaŋ |
| oak | oak | 末奪括 | uak̚ |
| oah | oah | ... | uaʔ |
| æ | æ | 病茶井 | ɛ |
| æh | æh | ... | ɛʔ |
| e | e | 拔處爺 | e |
| eg | eng | 冰亭清 | eŋ |
| ek | ek | 德值克 | ek̚ |
| eh | eh | ... | eʔ |
| oe | oe | 飛 | ue |
| oeh | oeh | ... | ueʔ |
| o͘ | o͘ | 烏 | ɔ |
| o | o | 哥 | o |
| o͘e | o͘e | 配 | ɔe |
| o͘i | o͘i | 每帝街 | ɔi |
| o͘u | o͘u | 符肚古 | ɔu |
| o͘m | o͘m | 蘸陷拱 | ɔm |
| o͘g | o͘ng | 蒙登生 | ɔŋ |
| o͘b | o͘p | 漉 | ɔp̚ |
| o͘k | o͘k | 博澤惡 | ɔk̚ |
| o͘h | o͘h | ... | ɔʔ |
| io | io | 票張橋 | io |
| io͘g | io͘ng | ... | iɔŋ |
| io͘k | io͘k | 竹爵約 | iɔk̚ |
| io͘h | io͘h | ... | iɔʔ |
| i | i | 比試氣 | i |
| iu | iu | 謬守求 | iu |
| im | im | 心任禁 | im |
| in | in | 賓年認 | in |
| ib | ip | 立入及 | ip̚ |
| it | it | 筆實吉 | it̚ |
| ih | ih | ... | iʔ |
| u | u | 部女去 | u |
| ui | ui | 肥水鬼 | ui |
| un | un | 分船雲 | un |
| og | ong | 碰董共 | oŋ |
| ut | ut | 佛律骨 | ut̚ |
| ok | ok | 福督足 | ok̚ |
| oh | oh | ... | oʔ |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
Tones
| Tonal types | Tone numeral | Tone Marks (OT orthography) |
Tone Marks (NT orthography) |
Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 陰平 yin ping |
23 | none | none | 安天 |
| 陽平 yang ping |
21 | ◌̂ | ◌̂ | 平人 |
| 上聲 shang sheng |
213 | ◌́ | ◌́ | 古女 |
| 陰去 yin qu |
35 | ◌̀ | ◌̀ | 正變 |
| 陽去 yang qu |
33 | ◌̄ | ◌̄ | 謝厚 |
| 陰入 yin ru |
5 | none (-b/-t/-k/-h) |
none (-p/-t/-k/-h) |
急七 |
| 陽入 yang ru |
3 | ◌́ (-b/-t/-k/-h) |
◌́ (-p/-t/-k/-h) |
六十 |
In Bǽh-oe-tu, Chinese characters pronounced with the tone chang ru (長入, 55) should be marked with the symbol yin ru (陰入, 5). In Haikou dialect, some Chinese characters that should originally be pronounced as yin ru have lost their codas and the pronunciation is elongated. This newly generated tone is called chang ru by scholars.
Sample texts from Hainanese Bibles
See also
- Hainanese Transliteration Scheme (海南话拼音方案)
External links
- Gospel of Luke in Hainan Romanized (Bǽh-oe-tu), published in 1916.
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