Social:DIN 31635
DIN 31635 is a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standard for the transliteration of the Arabic alphabet adopted in 1982. It is based on the rules of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG) as modified by the International Orientalist Congress 1935 in Rome. The most important differences from English-based systems were doing away with j, because it stood for /dʒ/ in the English-speaking world and for /j/ in the German-speaking world and the entire absence of digraphs like th, dh, kh, gh, sh. Its acceptance relies less on its official status than on its elegance (one sign for each Arabic letter) and the Geschichte der arabischen Literatur manuscript catalogue of Carl Brockelmann and the dictionary of Hans Wehr. Today it is used in most German-language publications of Arabic and Islamic studies.
Table
- The 28 letters:
| Arabic letters | ء / ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى[1] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIN 31635 | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. / Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | b | t | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | ḥ | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | d | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | r | z | s | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| ALA-LC | ʼ / ā | th | j | kh | dh | sh | ʻ | gh | ||||||||||||||||||||
| IPA (MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ | dʒ ɡ ʒ |
ħ | x | d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ | ðˤ zˤ |
ʕ | ɣ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |
Rules
The Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. (Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. and Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.) are transliterated as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. and Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.. A Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. results in a geminate (consonant written twice). The article is written with the sun letters assimilated.
An Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. marking /aː/ is transliterated as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.. The letter (ﺓ) Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. is transliterated as word-final Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. normally, or Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. in a word in the construct state.
Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. has many variants, أ إ ء ئ ؤ; depending on its position, all of them are transliterated as ⟨Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.⟩. The initial Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. (ا) without a Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. is not transliterated using Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. initially, only the initial vowel is transliterated (if pronounced): Script error: The function "transl" does not exist..
(ﻯ) Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. appears as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., transliterating it indistinguishable from Script error: The function "transl" does not exist..[2] Long vowels /iː/ and /uː/ are transliterated as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. and Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.. The Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. suffix /ij(j), ijja/ appears as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. although the former is normally transliterated as Script error: The function "transl" does not exist., and nunation is ignored in transliteration. A hyphen Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. is used to separate clitics (the article, the prepositions and the conjunction) from words to which they are attached.
The Eastern Arabic numerals (Template:Lro٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩) are rendered as western Arabic numerals (Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.).
See also
- Romanization of Arabic
- ISO 233
- Hans Wehr transliteration
- Arabic phonology
- Help:IPA/Arabic (Wikipedia help)
Notes
- ↑ In Egypt, Sudan and sometimes other regions, the final form is always ى (without dots).
- ↑ ى for final /-aː/ is also known as ألف لينة Script error: The function "transl" does not exist. [ˈʔælef læjˈjenæ] "flexible Script error: The function "transl" does not exist.".
References
- Brockelmann, Carl; Ronkel, Philippus Samuel van (1935). Die Transliteration der arabischen Schrift in ihrer Anwendung auf die Hauptliteratursprachen der islamischen Welt: Denkschrift dem 19. internationalen Orientalistenkongreß in Rom. Leipzig. http://www.naher-osten.uni-muenchen.de/studium_lehre/werkzeugkasten/dmgtransliteration.pdf. Reprint (Wiesbaden, 1969)
External links
- Chart of Arabic transliteration systems (non-normative), including DIN 31635, Revision 2.2 (2008-02-25)
- Deutsches Institut für Normung
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