Social:Deputy Supreme Leader of Iran
| Deputy Supreme Leadership Authority of the Islamic Republic of Iran
قائم‌مقام رهبر ایران | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Flag of Iran | |
 Hussein-Ali Montazeri 15 July 1985 – 30 April 1989 | |
| Style | His Eminence |
| Type | Deputy head of state (de jure)[1] |
| Status | Office abolished |
| Reports to | The Supreme Leader |
| Seat | Tehran |
| Appointer | Assembly of Experts |
| Term length | Life tenure |
| Formation | 15 July 1985 |
| Abolished | 4 June 1989 |
The deputy supreme leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran,[lower-alpha 1] officially the Deputy Supreme Leadership Authority,[lower-alpha 2] was the deputy head of state[lower-alpha 3] of Iran and the deputy to the supreme leader. The position was created by the Assembly of Experts in July 1985 due to the special circumstances of the Iran–Iraq War and the worsening physical condition of the supreme leader Ruhollah Khomeini. The only officeholder is Hussein-Ali Montazeri as there have been no other officeholders since his resignation in 1989.
History
Tenure of Montazeri (1985–1989)
The Assembly of Experts appointed Hussein-Ali Montazeri, one of Khomeini's students, to this position on 15 July 1985.[2] The eventual choice was announced in November 1985, while Montazeri already held the position.[3] On March 26 1989, Khomeini dismissed him, two days later Montazeri accounced that he will resign[4] and subsequently, he resigned on 29 April 1989 from his position,[5] On 4 June 1989, the Assembly of Experts and it's chairman Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani overwhelmingly approved his resignation and dismissal.[6][7][8] One of the reasons of Montazeri's resignation were government policies that Montazeri claimed infringed on people's freedom and denied them their rights, especially after the 1988 mass execution of political prisoners.[9]
Montazeri was dismissed by Khomeini based on his letter of March 26, 1989, another source say's that the letter was written on 29 April 1989.[5] which was again approved by Khomeini one day later.. His letter of dismissal was not made public at the time and was published a few years later, so some have questioned the letter which was met with some reactions. Three months after Montazeri was dismissed as the deputy leader, Khomeini died on June 3, 1989. The next day, the Assembly of Experts elected Ali Khamenei as the supreme leader of Iran. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, who was one of the transmitters of Khomeini's letter to Montazeri's dismissal, was one of the opponents of Montazeri's dismissal at the time.
Potential reestablishment
During the presidency of Hassan Rouhani and amid longstanding rumors of Khamenei's declining health, it was recommended to Khamenei to reestablish the office of Deputy Supreme Leader to better facilitate the transition to new leadership.[10]
List
| No. | Portrait | Name
(Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party/Grouping | Faction | Election | Supreme Leader | President | Prime Minister | Notes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 121x121px | Hussein-Ali Montazeri
حسینعلی منتظری (1922–2009) |
15 July 1985 | 30 April 1989 | 3 years, 9 months and 15 days | Islamic Republican Party (1985–1987) Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom (1987–1989) |
Reformists | 1985 | Ruhollah Khomeini | Ali Khamenei | Mir-Hossein Mousavi | Chairman of the Assembly of Experts for Constitution in 1979 and Tehran's Friday Prayer Imam from 1979 to 1980 | ||
| Vacant (30 April 1989 – 4 June 1989) | ||||||||||||||
| Post abolished (4 June 1989 – present) | ||||||||||||||
See also
- Supreme Leader of Iran
- Iranian Revolution
- Assembly of Experts
Notes
- ↑ Persian: قائم‌مقام رهبر ایران, romanized: Qâe'm-e Maqâm-e Rahbar-e Irân
- ↑ Persian: قائم‌مقام معظم رهبری, romanized: Qâe'm-e Maqâm-e Moazam-e Rahbari
- ↑ However, according to international diplomatic custom, the head of state is the person who represents the state in diplomatic relations (sending and receiving ambassadors, signing treaties). The Iranian constitution assigns these functions to the president (Articles 125 and 128), not to the supreme leader.
References
- ↑ "Heads of State, Heads of Government, and Ministers for Foreign Affairs". United Nations. https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf.
- ↑ http://www.seratnews.ir/fa/news/21339/نقش-هاشمی-در-قائم-مقامی-منتظری
- ↑ Moin, Baqer (2000). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 262. ISBN 978-0-312-26490-1. https://archive.org/details/khomeinilifeofay00moin/page/262.
- ↑ "Translation of Ayatollah Khomeini's Letter Dismissing Montazeri". printed in Abrar. Iran Virtual Library. http://www.irvl.net/Translation%20of%20Ayatollah%20Khomeini's%20Letter%20Dismissing%20Montazeri.htm.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "استعفاهای تاریخی در جمهوری اسلامی". 13 May 2016. https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/2016/05/160511_000.
- ↑ "Farsnews | والله قسم، از ابتدا با انتخاب شما مخالف بودم/ تاریخ اسلام پر است از خیانت بزرگانش به اسلام". https://farsnews.ir/politics/1427356680000936697.
- ↑ http://faternews.ir/?p=52676
- ↑ "اخبار ایران و جهان | فاطر نیوز". http://faternews.ir/?p=52676.
- ↑ "Profile: Iran's dissident Ayatollah". BBC News. 30 January 2003. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2699541.stm.
- ↑ "تایید خبر پیشنهاد قائم مقام برای خامنه‌ای "از طرف نزدیکان روحانی"" (in fa). https://www.radiofarda.com/a/30253980.html.
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