Social:Huarpean languages
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| Huarpean | |
|---|---|
| Warpean | |
| Ethnicity | Huarpe people |
| Geographic distribution | Cuyo Province, Argentina |
| Extinct | after 1630s |
| Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
| Subdivisions |
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| Glottolog | huar1251[2] |
| File:Huarpean language map.svg Map of the Huarpean languages | |
Huarpe (Warpe) is a small, extinct language family of central Argentina (historic Cuyo Province) that consisted of at least two closely related languages. They are traditionally considered dialects, and include Allentiac (Alyentiyak, Huarpe) and Millcayac (Milykayak). A third, Puntano of San Luis, was not documented before the languages became extinct.
Kaufman (1994) tentatively linked Huarpe to the Mura-Matanawi languages in a family he called Macro-Warpean. However, he noted that "no systematic study" had been made, so that it is best to consider them independent families. Swadesh and Suárez both connected Huarpe to Macro-Jibaro, a possibility that has yet to be investigated.
Varieties
Loukotka (1968)
Varieties classified by Loukotka (1968) as part of the Huarpe language cluster (all unattested unless noted otherwise, i.e. for Chiquiyama and Comechingon):[3]
- Oico / Holcotian - once spoken in Mendoza Province in the Diamante Valley. (Unattested.)
- Orcoyan / Oscollan - once spoken in the southern regions of Mendoza Province. (Unattested.)
- Chiquiyama - once spoken between the city of Mendoza and the Barranca River.[4]
- Tuluyame / Puelche algarrobero - once spoken in the Calamuchita Valley (es), Córdoba Province. (Unattested.)
- Michilenge / Puntano - once spoken in the Conlara Valley, San Luis Province. (Unattested.)
- Olongasto - once spoken in La Rioja Province by the neighbors of the Allentiac tribe. (Unattested.)
- Comechingon - extinct language once spoken in the Sierra de Córdoba in Córdoba Province, Argentina[5][6][7][8]
Mason (1950)
Varieties of the Huarpe-Comechingon linguistic group cited from Canals Frau (1944) by Mason (1950):[9]
- Huarpe-Comechingon
- Allentiac (Huarpe of San Juan)
- Millcayac (Huarpe of Mendocino)
- Puntano Huarpe
- Puelche of Cuyo
- Ancient Pehuenche
- Southern Comechingón (Camiare)
- Northern Comechingón (Henia)
- Olongasta (Southern Rioja) ?
Pericot y Garcia (1936) lists Zoquillam, Tunuyam, Chiquillan, Morcoyam, Diamantino (Oyco), Mentuayn, Chom, Titiyam, Otoyam, Ultuyam, and Cucyam.[9]
- Comechingón varieties[9]
- Comechingón
- Main
- Tuya
- Mundema
- Cáma
- Umba
- Michilingwe
- Indama
- Comechingón
Phonology
The two languages had apparently similar sound systems, and were not dissimilar from Spanish, at least from the records we have. Barros (2009) reconstructs the consonants as follows:[10]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | ||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Semivowel | w | j | (ɰ) | ||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | |||
| Trill | r |
Allentiac had at least six vowels, written a, e, i, o, u, ù. The ù is thought to represent the central vowel [ɨ].
References
- ↑ Canals Frau, Salvador (1944-04-18). "El grupo Huarpe-Comechingón". Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana (Año 1944, Tomo 5). https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13604.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Huarpean". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/huar1251.
- ↑ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk.
- ↑ Latcham, Ricardo E. (September 1927). "Los indios Chiquillanes" (in es). Atenea (Concepción) 4 (9): 311–327. doi:10.29393/At9-3ICRL10003. ISSN 0718-0462. https://revistas.udec.cl/index.php/atenea/article/view/14993/13176.
- ↑ Cafferata, Antonio F. (1926). Los comechingones; apuntes para su estudio.. Rosario: "La Velocidad,". https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102982816.
- ↑ Canals Frau, Salvador (1944-04-18). "El grupo Huarpe-Comechingón". Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana (Año 1944, Tomo 5). https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13604.
- ↑ Serrano, Antonio (1944). "EL IDIOMA DE LOS COMEGHINGONES y SANA VIRONES". Boletín de la Academia Argentina de Letras. ISSN 0001-3757. https://www.letras.edu.ar/wwwisis/index/arti/Boletin1944-47_375-387.pdf.
- ↑ Serrano, Antonio (1945) (in es). Los Comechingones. https://suquia.ffyh.unc.edu.ar/items/4bf7b95a-93ef-4768-9037-7ef9df2da016.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". Handbook of South American Indians. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317. https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/hsai:vol6p157-317/vol6p157-317_mason.pdf.
- ↑ Barros 2009, p. 11.
- Barros, J. Pedro Viegas. (2009) Una propuesta de fonetización y fonemización tentativas de las hablas Huarpes. https://www.academia.edu/26776301.
- Catalina Teresa Michieli, 1990. Millcayac y Allentiac: Los dialectos del idioma Huarpe
- Lengua Huarpe at pueblosoriginarios.com
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