Social:Huarpean languages
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| Huarpean | |
|---|---|
| Warpean | |
| Ethnicity | Huarpe people |
| Geographic distribution | Cuyo Province, Argentina |
| Extinct | after 1630s |
| Linguistic classification | Macro-Warpean ? Macro-Jibaro ?
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| Subdivisions |
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| ISO 639-3 | none |
| Glottolog | huar1251[2] |
 Map of the Huarpean languages | |
Huarpe (Warpe) was a small language family of central Argentina (historic Cuyo Province) that consisted of at least two closely related languages. They are traditionally considered dialects, and include Allentiac (Alyentiyak, Huarpe) and Millcayac (Milykayak). A third, Puntano of San Luis, was not documented before the languages became extinct.
Kaufman (1994) tentatively linked Huarpe to the Mura-Matanawi languages in a family he called Macro-Warpean. However, he noted that "no systematic study" had been made, so that it is best to consider them independent families. Swadesh and Suárez both connected Huarpe to Macro-Jibaro, a possibility that has yet to be investigated.
Varieties
Loukotka (1968)
Varieties classified by Loukotka (1968) as part of the Huarpe language cluster (all unattested unless noted otherwise, i.e. for Chiquiyama and Comechingon):[3]
- Oico / Holcotian - once spoken in Mendoza Province in the Diamante Valley. (Unattested.)
- Orcoyan / Oscollan - once spoken in the southern regions of Mendoza Province. (Unattested.)
- Tuluyame / Puelche algarrobero - once spoken in the Calamuchita Valley (es), Córdoba Province. (Unattested.)
- Michilenge / Puntano - once spoken in the Conlara Valley, San Luis Province. (Unattested.)
- Olongasto - once spoken in La Rioja Province by the neighbors of the Allentiac tribe. (Unattested.)
- Comechingon - extinct language once spoken in the Sierra de Córdoba in Córdoba Province, Argentina (documented in Cafferata 1926; Canals Frau 1944a;[4] Serrano 1944,[5] 1945[6])[7]
Mason (1950)
Varieties of the Huarpe-Comechingon linguistic group cited from Canals Frau (1944) by Mason (1950):[8]
- Huarpe-Comechingon
- Allentiac (Huarpe of San Juan)
- Millcayac (Huarpe of Mendocino)
- Puntano Huarpe
- Puelche of Cuyo
- Ancient Pehuenche
- Southern Comechingón (Camiare)
- Northern Comechingón (Henia)
- Olongasta (Southern Rioja) ?
Pericot y Garcia (1936) lists Zoquillam, Tunuyam, Chiquillan, Morcoyam, Diamantino (Oyco), Mentuayn, Chom, Titiyam, Otoyam, Ultuyam, and Cucyam.[8]
- Comechingón varieties[8]
- Comechingón
- Main
- Tuya
- Mundema
- Cáma
- Umba
- Michilingwe
- Indama
- Comechingón
Phonology
The two languages had apparently similar sound systems, and were not dissimilar from Spanish, at least from the records we have. Barros (2009) reconstructs the consonants as follows:[9]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | ||
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Semivowel | w | j | (ɰ) | ||
| Lateral | l | ʎ | |||
| Trill | r |
Allentiac had at least six vowels, written a, e, i, o, u, ù. The ù is thought to represent the central vowel [ɨ].
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Huarpean languages.[3]
gloss Allentiac Millcayac Henia one lka negui two yemen yemeni three pultun pultuni head yoto tooth tuxe tex water kaha aka fire kʔtek ketek sun tekta xumek tree zaʔat eye maize telag telam bird zurú zuru lemin[lower-alpha 1]
References
- ↑ actually the word for '(caught) fish'
- ↑ Canals Frau, Salvador (1944-04-18). "El grupo Huarpe-Comechingón". Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana (Año 1944, Tomo 5). https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13604.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Huarpean". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/huar1251.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk.
- ↑ Canals Frau, Salvador (1944-04-18). "El grupo Huarpe-Comechingón". Anales del Instituto de Etnografía Americana (Año 1944, Tomo 5). https://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/13604.
- ↑ Serrano, Antonio (1944). "EL IDIOMA DE LOS COMEGHINGONES y SANA VIRONES". Boletín de la Academia Argentina de Letras. ISSN 0001-3757. https://www.letras.edu.ar/wwwisis/index/arti/Boletin1944-47_375-387.pdf.
- ↑ Serrano, Antonio (1945) (in es). Los Comechingones. https://suquia.ffyh.unc.edu.ar/items/4bf7b95a-93ef-4768-9037-7ef9df2da016.
- ↑ "Lenguas Comechingona y Sanavirona". https://pueblosoriginarios.com/lenguas/comechingona.html.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". Handbook of South American Indians. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317. https://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/hsai:vol6p157-317/vol6p157-317_mason.pdf.
- ↑ Barros 2009, p. 11.
- Barros, J. Pedro Viegas. (2009) Una propuesta de fonetización y fonemización tentativas de las hablas Huarpes. https://www.academia.edu/26776301.
- Catalina Teresa Michieli, 1990. Millcayac y Allentiac: Los dialectos del idioma Huarpe
- Lengua Huarpe at pueblosoriginarios.com
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