Social:Jadgal people

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Short description: Ethnic group in Balochistan

Jadgal
Nummaṛ
نماڑ
الزيغآلي
Regions with significant populations
 Pakistan100,000
 Iran25,000
Languages
Jadgali and Balochi (Makrani dialect)[1]
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Sindhis[2]

The Jaḍgāl (lit. Jaṭṭ-speakers;[3] also known as, Jatgal,[4] Nummaṛ or az-Zighālī) is an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group which speaks the Jadgali language.[5] Jadgals are present in the Balochistan region of Iran and Pakistan, as well as in Oman.[6]

History

Jadgal people are often connected with the Jats of Balochistan.[7] They migrated from Sindh via Bela to Panjgur.[8] [9][2] Anthropologist Henry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the western Indian subcontinent; they subsequently migrated to Kulanch and are still found in Sindh and Balochistan.[10][11] Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch by the society in Balochistan.[12]

When the Arabs arrived in modern-day Sindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at the coast of Makran where the Arab name of az-Zighālī comes from.[13] In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with the Wahhabis against the Sultanate of Oman.[14] The modern-day Jadgals in Oman claim to be descended from Arabs, however they also accept the folk etymology of them being from Sindh, in the lower Indus valley.[15]

Demographics

Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a 1998 census conducted by Pakistan.[16] In Iran, the Sardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh.[17] The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran.[13] All of the Jadgals in Iran live in the Sistan and Baluchistan, Hormozgan and Kerman provinces.[18][19]

Language

See also: Social:Jadgali language and Sindhi language

Jadgal people in Balochistan speak Jadgali language, although they converse with strangers in Balochi.[12] Many linguists believe the Lasi dialect of the Lasi people may be related to Jadgali.[20] The Jadgali tongue in Oman is similar to the language of Al Lawatia.[15]

Tribes

  • Baryada
  • Sardarzahi
  • Bijjarzai
  • Bizenjo
  • Zehri
  • Sasoli
  • Sajdi
  • Sangur
  • Rais
  • Tambarani
  • Chanal
  • Motak
  • Mengal
  • Mir
  • Hoot
  • Manjotha
  • Zardari
  • Burfat

References

  1. ↑ Butt, Allah Rakhio (August 15, 1998). Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. p. 306. ISBN 9789694050508. https://books.google.com/books?id=G-VjAAAAMAAJ&q=Jadgal+people. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Adamec, Ludwig W. (1976) (in en). Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran. Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst.. pp. 22, 282. ISBN 978-3-201-01428-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=iultAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal. "The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries." 
  3. ↑ Brian J. Spooner; Jim G. Shaffer; Josef Elfenbein; Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya; Siawosch Azadi (23 March 2022). "Baluchistan" (in en). Brill Referenceworks (Brill). doi:10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_6516. 
  4. ↑ Field, Henry (1959). "An Anthropological Reconnaissance in West Pakistan, 1955". Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology (Cambridge: Harvard University) 52: 49. https://peabody.harvard.edu/publications/anthropological-reconnaissance-west-pakistan-1955. 
  5. ↑ Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Gren-Eklund, Gunilla (2003) (in en). The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times. Reichert. p. 172. ISBN 978-3-89500-366-0. 
  6. ↑ "Pakistan Economist". October 1975. https://books.google.com/books?id=8-MnAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+people. 
  7. ↑ "Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman". http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/oman_diverse_society_northern_oman.pdf. 
  8. ↑ (in en) Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications.. 1964. pp. 30. https://books.google.com/books?id=TgIdAQAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+kulanch. "Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur." 
  9. ↑ Spooner, Brian (1969). "Politics, Kinship, and Ecology in Southeast Persia". Ethnology (University of Pittsburgh) 8 (2): 139–152. doi:10.2307/3772976. ISSN 0014-1828. https://books.google.com/books?id=l-AsAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+sindhi. "The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago.". 
  10. ↑ Field, Henry (1970) (in en). Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. University of Michigan. p. 197. "Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them." 
  11. ↑ Field, Henry (1970) (in en). Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. Field Research Projects. pp. 197. https://books.google.com/books?id=lXFWAAAAMAAJ&q=jadgal+kulanch. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Spooner, Brian (1975). "Nomadism in Baluchistan". in Leshnik, Lawrence S. (in en). Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Wiesbaden, Germany: O. Harrassowitz. pp. 171–182. ISBN 3-447-01552-7. https://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/1516. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Barjasteh Delforooz, Behrooz (August 15, 2008). "A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan". The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference) (Wiesbaden: Reichert): 23–43. ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-98561. 
  14. ↑ Mirzai, Behnaz A. (16 May 2017). A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800–1929 (1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9781477311868. https://books.google.com/books?id=mcJiDgAAQBAJ&dq=Jadgal+people&pg=PA229. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Barth, Fredrik (1983). Sohar, culture and society in an Omani town. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9780801828409. 
  16. ↑ "ScholarlyCommons :: Home". https://repository.upenn.edu/. 
  17. ↑ Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004) (in en). Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development. Royal Book Company. pp. 106. ISBN 978-969-407-309-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=cw0DHAAACAAJ. 
  18. ↑ Jahani, Carina (2014). "The Baloch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region". The Persian Gulf in Modern Times. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 267–297. doi:10.1057/9781137485779_11. ISBN 978-1-349-50380-3. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9781137485779_11. 
  19. ↑ "Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive". https://www.elararchive.org/dk0730/#:~:text=The%20group%20presented%20here%20is,be%20a%20separate%20ethnic%20group. 
  20. ↑ "Glottolog 4.7 - Lasi-Jadgali". https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/lasi1244. 



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