Social:Legal working age

From HandWiki
Parties to the International Labour Organization's 1973 Minimum Age Convention.
  16
  15
  14

The legal working age is the minimum age required by law for a person to work, in each country or jurisdiction.

Some types of labor are commonly prohibited even for those above the working age, if they have not reached yet the age of majority. Activities that are dangerous, harmful to the health or that may affect the morals of minors fall into this category.

Africa

Country Legal Working Age
 Kenya 13: (Easy Work)
16: (Restricted working hours and the type of work)
19: (Unrestricted) [1]
 South Africa 15: (Restricted working hours and the type of work)
19: (Unrestricted)
 Morocco 16:
19: (Unrestricted)

Americas

Country Legal Working Age
 Anguilla
 Antigua and Barbuda 14: (Restricted working hours)
18: (Unrestricted)[2]
 Argentina It is forbidden to employ workers under 18 years of age for arduous, unhealthy, or hazardous work.
14: The working week for young workers between 14 and under 16 years of age should be not more 6 hours per day and 36 hours per week.
16: Young workers aged over 16 but under 18 years of age, have the right to work during normal business hours
18: Unrestricted[3]
 Aruba
 Bahamas 14: (Employment during school hours is prohibited; Night work is prohibited; Industrial work is prohibited; Conditions in respect of young persons: in a school day, for not more than three hours, in a school week, for not more than twenty-four hours, in a non-school day, for not more than eight hours, in a non-school week, for not more than forty hours.)
16: (Unrestricted)[4]
 Barbados 16: (Employment during school hours is prohibited; Night work is prohibited; Industrial work is prohibited)
18: (Unrestricted)[5]
 Belize
 Bermuda
 Bolivia 10: Independent work (e.g. street selling) with parent permission and government supervision
12: Contract work (for a boss) with parent permission and government supervision; no more than 6 hours per day, not during school hours, and if it does not interfere with schooling
 Brazil In Brazil, any work for minors under 16 years of age is forbidden, except the apprentices, who can start working at 14 years old. Until the age of 18, it is strictly prohibited for the teenagers to work at night or in dangerous or unhealthy conditions.[6]
14: Only apprentices can start working. It's forbidden to work in any other job.
16: Teenagers are allowed to work in any job, but they are prohibited to work at night or in dangerous or unhealthy conditions.
18: Unrestricted.
 British Virgin Islands
 Canada
 Caribbean Netherlands
 Cayman Islands
 Costa Rica 16
 Cuba
 Curaçao
 Dominica 12: (No person shall take into his employment or employ in any occupation whatsoever any child; but a child may be employed in the domestic work or agricultural work of a light nature at home by the parents or guardian of the child.)
18: (Unrestricted)[18]
 Dominican Republic
 El Salvador 18: (Unrestricted)[19]
Children below the age 14 are not allowed to enter the workforce. Minors between the ages of 14 and 18 may work with permission from the Ministry of Labor if their employment is indispensable to either themselves or their family.
 Greenland
 Grenada
 Guadeloupe
 Guatemala
 Haiti
 Honduras
 Jamaica 16
 Martinique
 Mexico 14: (Restricted working hours and the type of work)
18: (Unrestricted)[20]
 Montserrat
 Nicaragua
 Panama
 Puerto Rico
 Saint Barthélemy
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Martin
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Sint Maarten
 Trinidad and Tobago 16
 Turks and Caicos Islands
 United States

Asia

Country Legal Working Age
 China 16
 Iran 15: Minimum employment age
18: Hard Work
21: (Unrestricted)[38]
 Japan 15: (Minimum employment age.)
18: (Restricted by the Labour laws)
20: (Unrestricted)
 Malaysia 14: Easy Work.
16: (Unrestricted).[39]
 North Korea 16[40]
 Indonesia 13: Minimum Employment age.
15: Restricted working hours and the type of work.
18: (Unrestricted).[41]
 Philippines 15: (Restricted working hours and the type of work)
18: (Unrestricted)[42]
 Singapore 13: Generally, a child must be at least 13 years of age before he can start working. The minimum legal age for working in Singapore is governed by the Employment Act and the Employment (Children and Young Persons) Regulations, and is enforced by the Ministry of Manpower.
15: Young persons above 15 may work in an industrial environment. However, the employer must inform the Commissioner of Labour within 30 days of his employment, and submit a medical certificate certifying his fitness for work.
16: Generally speaking, a person who is above the age of 16 is not a child or a young person, and is considered an adult worker (Unrestricted).[43]
 Taiwan 15: A worker aged fifteen years old, shall be considered as a child worker.
16: No child worker and no worker aged sixteen or seventeen years old shall be permitted to do work that is potentially dangerous or hazardous in nature.
18: (Unrestricted).[44]
 Vietnam 15
 United Arab Emirates 15 (with some restrictions) 18 (unrestricted)
 Yemen 14: Light work with restricted hours.
15: Industrial work.
18: (Unrestricted)

Europe

Country Legal Working Age
 Albania 14: (Easy work performed at school holidays)
16: (Unrestricted)[45]
 Andorra 14: (Easy work performed at school holidays; Maximum 6 hours per day, with minimum 1 hours break; Minimum 2 following days of rest per week)
16: (Maximum 8 hours per day, with minimum 1 hours break; Minimum 2 following days of rest per week)
18: (Unrestricted)[46]
 Armenia 16: (Unrestricted; No person under the age of 16 is allowed to work in Armenia)[47]
 Austria 14: (With many restrictions within a family setting)
15: (With minor restrictions assuming compulsory school years have been finished)
18: Unrestricted[48]
 Belarus 14: Easy work with the permission from parents or legal guardians
16: Limited working hours up to 35 hours per week
18: Unrestricted
 Belgium 15: (Must have completed 2 years of secondary education; restricted to light work)
16: (only light work)
18: Unrestricted
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 15: (Restricted to light work; Restricted working hours)
18: (Unrestricted)[49]
 Bulgaria 13: (Only for jobs as film actor or model; Strictly regulated)
15: (Strictly regulated)
16 (Minimum working age; Some occupations prohibited)
18: (Unrestricted)[50]
 Croatia 15: (Restricted by the Labour laws)
18: (Unrestricted)[51]
 Cyprus 15: (Restricted by the Labour laws)
18: (Unrestricted)
 Czech Republic 14: (Only under special circumstances)
15: (Restricted occupations and working hours)
18: (Unrestricted)[52]
 Denmark None: (Only for activities in the cultural or artistic field. However, a police authorization must be obtained for these activities in advance.)
13: (Children 13–15 years of age may only perform light work, that is not in the vicinity of machinery. The working time may be on school days and up to 2 hours on other days up to 7 hours. In school-free weeks, the maximum working time must not exceed 35 hours per week.)
15: (Young people up to 18 years may not work in the following areas: with dangerous tools and equipment within hazardous work processes. The working time may not be between 18.00 und 6.00 clock on weekdays between 14.00 and 6.00 o'clock on holidays or Sundays. The maximum weekly working time must not exceed 40 hours.)
18: (Unrestricted)[53]
 Estonia 13: A Person aged 13 may work under restrictions and parental permission.
15: Minimum Employment age. Minors under the age of 18 are restricted with working hours and certain occupations.
18: Unrestricted.[54]
 Finland 14: Someone aged 14 may practise "light work".
15: Minimum Employment age. Minors under the age of 18 are restricted with working hours and certain occupations.

18: Unrestricted.[55]

 France 14: (only for light work, regulated by Code du travail; No working at night; Strict time limitation; Parental permission is needed)
16: (No working at night; Strict time limitation; Parental permission is needed)
18: (Unrestricted)[56]
 Germany 13: (with parental permission; and only easy work for example: paper round)
15: (Part-time work with less than 8 hours per day and maximum 40 hours per week; No work on weekends, statutory holidays and at night time or in an imperiling environment). Further restrictions for work break and minimum vacation days.
18: Unrestricted[57]
 Hungary 16: (The Hungarian Labour Code allows for the employment of people over 16 years old. Young workers apply a two-year period of protection: at the time of their working time must not exceed 8 hours. per day and forty hours per week. If you work a minimum of 4.5 hrs., They are entitled to 30 minutes. break, nor can they be employed on a night shift.)
18: (Unrestricted)[58]
 Iceland 13: (Only safe and easy work. Subject to restrictions on working time related to mandatory schooling.)[59]
16: (Employers have a duty to protect young workers from working in difficult and dangerous conditions in some sectors also apply to restrictions on working time.)
18: (Unrestricted)[60]
 Ireland 14: (People aged under 16 years are not allowed to work full-time (full-time). The work of persons between the ages of 14 and 15 years must be obliged to comply with conditions:
• perform light work during the holidays - a person must necessarily have then at least 21 days off work
• work as part of the approved apprenticeship or training program.
• work in the film, when cultural undertakings, in advertising, or in connection with sporting events.)
16: (People aged 16 and 17 years old can only work the hours between 6.00 and 22.00.)
18: (Unrestricted.)[61]
 Italy 15: (Restricted working hours and the type of work.)
18: (Unrestricted)[62]
 Latvia 15: (People between 15 and 18 years of age may work no more than 7 hours a day and 35 hours per week (including time learning - if they learn). There must they stay at work after hours or work at night. It is also prohibited to employ minors under conditions which may threaten their health, safety and morals. Workers under 18 years of age are entitled to a month's leave, in their case does not apply or trial periods.)
18: (Unrestricted)[63]
 Liechtenstein 14: (For light it is possible to hire 14-year-olds - but not longer than 9 hours per week during the school year and 15 hours a week during the holidays.)
15: ( People aged over 15 but under 18 may work no more than 40 hours per week.)
18: (Unrestricted)[64]
 Lithuania 14: (Under certain conditions it is also possible to employ people aged over 14 years old but under 16 years of age. They have the right to perform easy work - during the school year for no more than two hours during the day and 12 hours a week during the holidays - 7 hours a day and 35 hours per week.)
16: ( Persons who have completed 16 years but has not reached the age of majority has no right to work more than 8 hours per day and 36 hours per week.)
18: (Unrestricted)[65]
 Luxembourg 16
 Malta 16: (Until they reach adulthood under the special protection of the law - are entitled to work up to 8 hours per day and 40 per week (included in is also a time of learning and training). Young worker has no right to do the work between the hours of 22 and 6 am.)
18: (Unrestricted)[66]
 Netherlands 13: (The minimum age of employment under the supervision and with no guarantee of a minimum wage.)
15: (The right to the minimum wage.)
16: (Persons over 16 years but less than 18 years, has most of the rights and obligations as workers age. However, you will not be able to work in harmful conditions - including noise, cramped quarters and with toxic substances.)
18: (Unrestricted)[67]
 Norway 13: (People aged over 13 but under 15 years of age may be employed only for light work that does not endanger the health, development, and does not interfere with learning.)
15: (Restricted working hours and the type of work.)[68]
18: (Unrestricted)[69]
 Poland None: (Cultural and artistic field)
15: (Light work only)
18: (Unrestricted)[70]
 Portugal 16: (Restricted working hours and the type of work.)
18: (Unrestricted)[71]
 Russia None: (Artistic field only. Must have parental permission. Restricted working hours and shortened working week, must not interfere with school education or violate public morality)

14: (Light work only. Must have parental permission. Restricted working hours and shortened working week, must not interfere with school education)
16: (Light work only. Full school education required. Restricted working hours)
18: Unrestricted

 Serbia 16
 Spain None: Artistic activities with parental permission and a specific authorization of the labor department.
16: Parental permission is required.
18: Unrestricted
 Sweden None: (Only artistic field and some light risk free jobs. Must have parent permission. Restricted working hours and shortened working week.)

13: (Light work only. Must have parent permission. Restricted working hours and shortened working week.)
16: (Light work only. Restricted working hours)
18: (Unrestricted)[72]

  Switzerland Age 13: (Must have parental permission; only easy work)
  • During school weeks: Maximum 4 hours per day; and 9 hours per week.
  • During non-school weeks: Maximum 8 hours per day; and 40 hours per week.

Age 15: (Must have parental permission)

  • Maximum 9 hours per day; and 45–50 hours per week. Working maximum until 8 p.m.

Age 16: Minimum age to serve someone in restaurants, café or hotels. Minimum age to work in a circus or cinema.

  • Working maximum until 10 p.m.

Age 18: Unrestricted (and the minimum age to work in: Bars, Discos, Dancinghalls and Nightclubs)[73]

Oceania

Country Legal Working Age
 Australia Varies by state and territory (Although mostly 15) [74]
 New Zealand 16: (Restricted working hours)
18: For Full Time Work
20: Unrestricted[75]
 Papua New Guinea

See also

References

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  2. Labour Code Act DIVISION E: Women, Young Persons and Children (Employment) (Antigua and Barbuda)
  3. "National Labour Law Profile: Republic of Argentina". http://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/information-resources/national-labour-law-profiles/WCMS_158890/lang--en/index.htm. 
  4. Employment Act, 2001 PART X - CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS (Bahamas).
  5. Employment (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act PART III: Employment of young persons (Barbados)
  6. "Sou menor de idade, quando posso começar a trabalhar?" (in Portuguese). Exame. 30 April 2015. http://exame.abril.com.br/carreira/sou-menor-de-idade-quando-posso-comecar-a-trabalhar/. 
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  18. EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN (PROHIBITION) ACT Prohibition of employment of a child. (Dominica)
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  23. "The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq: Sec. 213(c)(2); Sec. 213(5); Sec. 213(6)". http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/statutes/FairLaborStandAct.pdf. 
  24. "The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended 29 U.S.C. 201, et seq: Sec. 213(c)(5)(B)(ii); Sec. 213(c)(5)(B)(iv)(III); Sec. 213(c)(5)(C)(i):(I),(II); Sec. 213(c)(7)(A)(ii)(II)". http://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/statutes/FairLaborStandAct.pdf. 
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  30. CALIFORNIA CHILD LABOR LAWS (California Department of Labor). Retrieved 25.12.2014.
  31. COLORADO YOUTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY ACT, TITLE 8, ARTICLE 12, CRS (Colorado Department of Labor and Employment Division of Labor). Retrieved 25.12.2014.
  32. Time & Hour Restrictions For 16 & 17 Year-Old Minors (By Industry) (Connecticut)
  33. Connecticut General Statutes for the Connecticut Department of Labor (Connecticut Department of Labor). Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  34. Delaware Code TITLE 19 - Labor General Provisions - CHAPTER 5. CHILD LABOR (Delaware Delaware Code Online). Retrieved 25.12.2014.
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  45. Neni 98 - Mosha minimale. Minimum working age in Albania.
  46. Llei 8/2003, del 12 de juny, sobre el contracte de treball.. Minimum working age in Andorra.
  47. ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՅՏԱՐԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ "ՆՎԱԶԱԳՈՒՅՆ ՏԱՐԻՔԻ ՄԱՍԻՆ" ԿՈՆՎԵՆՑԻԱՅԻ ՎԵՐԱԲԵՐՅԱԼ. Minimum working age in Armenia.
  48. Kinder- und Jugendlichen-Beschäftigungsgesetz 1987, Fassung vom 09.01.2017. Minimum working age in Austria.
  49. ZAKON O RADU Minimum working age in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  50. Protection of minors (EU). Minimum working age in Bulgaria.
  51. Zakon o radu Minimum working age in Croatia.
  52. zákon c. 65/1965 Minimum working age in Czech Republic (Labour law).
  53. Bekendtgørelse om unges arbejde Minimum working age in Denmark (Labour law).
  54. Töölepingu seadus § 7. Töölepingu sõlmimine alaealisega The Employment Contracts Act § 7 Conclusion of an employment contract with a minor (Estonia).
  55. Nuori työntekijä: Alle 15-vuotiaan töihinotto Employment laws (Finland ).
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  59. "Reglugerð um vinnu barna og unglinga.". http://www.reglugerd.is/reglugerdir/allar/nr/426-1999. 
  60. "Islandia: kraj przyjazny pracy - Informacja europejska dla młodzieży". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/islandia-praca-dla-kazdego. 
  61. "Archived copy". http://www.cawt.com/Site/11/Documents/Projects/AIPIP/Polish/roisection3legal.pdf. 
  62. "Archived copy". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/wlochy-dla-ludzi-z-temperamentem. 
  63. "Łotwa: perła Bałtyku - Informacja europejska dla młodzieży". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/lotwa-kraj-ktory-znika. 
  64. "Liechtenstein: tylko dla wybranych - Informacja europejska dla młodzieży". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/liechtenstein-tylko-dla-wybranych. 
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  66. "Malta: schowana wyspa szczęścia? - Informacja europejska dla młodzieży". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/malta-wyspa-zadowolona-z-siebie. 
  67. "Archived copy". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/holandia-pomaranczowa-szansa. 
  68. "Archived copy". http://www.eurodesk.pl/europraca/norwegia-skarbiec-polnocy. 
  69. "Child rights" (PDF). 1993. http://www.youthpolicy.org/library/wp-content/uploads/library/1993_Child_Rights_State_Periodic_Eng.pdf. 
  70. "Labour code". http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20140001502. 
  71. "GDDC - Direitos Humanos: Textos Internacionais - Textos Universais". http://www.gddc.pt/direitos-humanos/textos-internacionais-dh/tidhuniversais/emp-conv-oit-138.html. Retrieved 28 July 2015. 
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  73. Jugendarbeitsschutz - Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft Publication of the "Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft (SECO)" (State secretary of economy) and "Eidgenössisches Departement für Wirtschaft, Bildung und Forschung (WBF)" (Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research).
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  75. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20141207235456/http://www.dol.govt.nz/infozone/myfirstjob/parents/restrictions.asp. Retrieved 2014-12-05.  New Zealand Department of Labour