Social:Marriage Equality Act (New York)

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Template:Infobox U.S. State legislation The Marriage Equality Act is a 2011 New York State law that made same-sex marriage legal. The Marriage Equality Act also prohibited state and local courts and governments from penalizing religious and religious-supervised institutions, their employees, and their clergy for refusing to sanctify or recognize marriages that contradict their religious doctrines or for declining to provide services and accommodations in connection with such marriages.[1] The bill was introduced in the New York State Assembly by Assemblyman Daniel O'Donnell. It was signed into law on June 24, 2011 and took effect on July 24, 2011.

Background

The moment of the Marriage Equality Act vote in balcony of the capital building in Albany, New York, the evening of July 24, 2011 photographed by Celebration Chapel of Kingston, NY.[2] Persons in foreground are wearing t-shirts bearing the logo of the Human Rights Campaign, one of many organizations backing the bill.

Before July 24, 2011, New York only allowed for recognition of same-sex marriages legally performed in other states of the union[3] and in countries where same-sex marriage is legal, such as Canada and Spain ; the state also limited legal recognition of in-state same-sex relationships to the rights of unregistered cohabitation, and numerous municipalities afforded domestic partnership registries to residents engaged in same-sex relationships.[citation needed]

The bill made New York the sixth state in the United States to legalize and retain the in-state certification and legalization of same-sex marriage (excluding California, which legalized and performed some 18,000 same-sex marriages before a ban on further marriages was promulgated through referendum), and also made the state the most populous in the union to do so.[4]

Prior legislative history

Same-sex marriage legislation passed the New York State Assembly for the first time on June 19, 2007[5] by a vote of 85-61.[6] The bill languished in the Republican-controlled Senate before dying and being returned to the Assembly.[6] Then-governor Eliot Spitzer promoted the bill among lawmakers in Albany.

Governor David Paterson introduced same-sex marriage legislation on April 16, 2009.[7] The Assembly passed a same-sex marriage bill on May 12, 2009 with a majority of 89-52,[8] but the bill languished in the Senate during the November 10 special session.[9] It was re-passed by the Assembly on December 2,[10] but the Senate defeated it on the same day by a vote of 38-24. All Senate Republicans voted against the bill, and eight Democratic senators joined them.[11]

In 2010, several senators who had voted against same-sex marriage in 2009 were defeated. They were: Democrat Darrel Aubertine[12] (defeated by a Republican),[13] Democrats Hiram Monserrate and Bill Stachowski (both of whom were defeated in Democratic primaries by opponents who supported same-sex marriage) and Republican Frank Padavan.[14] Also in 2010, three senators who had voted in favor of same-sex marriage in 2009 were defeated (although the marriage issue was not a prominent one in their 2010 re-election campaigns). They were Democrats Brian Foley, Craig M. Johnson, and Antoine Thompson.[15]

Passage

File:Stonewall reaction to NY Marriage.webm Governor Andrew Cuomo, like his predecessor Paterson, promoted the bill and the general movement for legalization of same-sex marriage in the state. The majority of the Democratic senatorial caucus--which constituted the minority in the Senate in June 2011--also supported legalization of same-sex marriage. However, in May 2011, the Conservative Party of New York State stated that it would withdraw support for any candidate who supported same-sex marriage.[16][17]

On June 13, 2011, three Democratic senators who voted against the December 2009 same-sex marriage bill (Shirley Huntley, Carl Kruger and Joseph Addabbo Jr.) announced their support for the Marriage Equality Act.[18] James Alesi became the first Republican senator to announce his support for the bill,[18] and Roy McDonald became the second on June 14, narrowing the requirement for passage to just one.[19] Democratic senator Rubén Díaz, Sr. was a vocal opponent of the legalization and resigned from the bicameral Black, Puerto Rican, Hispanic, and Asian Legislative Caucus to demonstrate his opposition to its position on the legislation.[20]

On June 15, 2011, the New York State Assembly passed the Marriage Equality Act by a margin of 80 to 63; this was a smaller margin of victory than three same-sex marriage bills had attained in the Assembly in prior years.[21][22] On the same day, Governor Cuomo issued a message of necessity to the Senate, allowing the bill to bypass the normal three-day aging process.[23]

A Senate vote was delayed while closed-door negotiations took place between the Governor and the Senate's Republican leadership. The bill was made part of the "controversial calendar" which was eventually moved to the Friday following the intended end of the legislative session on June 20. From June 15 to June 24, protests both for and against the vote took place inside and around the capital complex, and organizations such as the Empire State Pride Agenda, the Human Rights Campaign, New Yorkers for Marriage Equality, New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedoms, and the National Organization for Marriage took part in the rallies. As thousands of New York residents lobbied the Senators on both sides of the issue, Senator Greg Ball invited the public to participate in an online poll on Twitter and Facebook. Ball eventually decided to vote against the bill.[citation needed]

On June 24, Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos announced that the Senate would consider the legislation as the final bill of the legislative session.[24] Skelos had previously stated that Republican senators would be free to vote their consciences on the bill if it came to the floor.[25]

The bill was considered on the Senate floor on June 24.[26] While the Senate met, the Assembly voted on a set of amendments developed to win the support of Senators concerned about the Act's impact on religion-based opposition to same-sex marriage, which detailed exemptions for religious and benevolent organizations. The exemptions are tied to an inseverability clause, ensuring that if the religious exemptions were successfully challenged in court, the entire legislation would not be ruled invalid.[1] It passed with little debate by a vote of 36-26.[27][28] The same-sex marriage bill passed later that evening by a vote of 33-29. Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the act into law at 11:55 P.M.[29] Republican senators Mark Grisanti and Stephen Saland joined Sens. Alesi and McDonald as the only Republicans supporting the legislation, while Sen. Ruben Diaz cast the only Democratic vote against the bill.[30]

On June 25, the Gotham Gazette reported that Senate rules had been changed the previous day "in a backroom agreement before session started and then changed again during the vote to make sure it would be concluded to make the 11 p.m. newscasts." The Gazette also reported that Sen. Ruben Diaz, Sr., an opponent of same-sex marriage, was ignored when he requested that the bill be laid aside for debate. According to Sen. Kevin Parker, Senate Democrats were informed prior to the vote that each Senator would have two minutes to explain his or her vote; however, legislators were not allowed to speak on the bill. The Gazette further reported that the vote was expedited because of Gov. Cuomo's desire to have the bill's passage covered on that evening's news.[31] Sen. Parker added that the doors to the Senate chamber were locked on the evening of June 24 to prevent senators from leaving the chamber when the bill was voted upon.[31]

The Act took effect on July 24, 2011.[32]

Final Senate roll call

Senator Party Vote on
Amendments		 Vote on
Bill
Eric Adams Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Joseph Addabbo, Jr. Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
James Alesi Republican Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Tony Avella Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Greg Ball Republican Red XN No Red XN No
John Bonacic Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Neil Breslin Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
David Carlucci Template:Party shading/Coalition | Independent Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
John DeFrancisco Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Rubén Díaz, Sr. Democratic Red XN No Red XN No
Martin Malave Dilan Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Thomas Duane Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Adriano Espaillat Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Hugh Farley Republican Red XN No Red XN No
John J. Flanagan Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Charles Fuschillo Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Patrick Gallivan Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Michael N. Gianaris Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Martin Golden Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Joseph Griffo Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Mark Grisanti Republican Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Kemp Hannon Republican Green tickY Aye Red XN No
Ruth Hassell-Thompson Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Shirley Huntley Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Owen H. Johnson Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Timothy M. Kennedy Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Jeffrey Klein Template:Party shading/Coalition | Independent Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Liz Krueger Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Carl Kruger Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Andrew Lanza Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Bill Larkin Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Kenneth LaValle Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Thomas W. Libous Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Betty Little Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Carl Marcellino Republican Green tickY Aye Red XN No
Jack Martins Republican Red XN No Red XN No
George D. Maziarz Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Roy McDonald Republican Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Velmanette Montgomery Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Michael Nozzolio Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Tom O'Mara Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Suzi Oppenheimer Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Kevin Parker Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Jose Peralta Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Bill Perkins Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Michael Ranzenhofer Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Patty Ritchie Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Gustavo Rivera Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Joseph Robach Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Stephen Saland Republican Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
John Sampson Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Diane Savino Template:Party shading/Coalition | Independent Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
José M. Serrano Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
James Seward Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Dean Skelos Republican Green tickY Aye Red XN No
Malcolm Smith Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Daniel Squadron Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Toby Ann Stavisky Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Andrea Stewart-Cousins Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
David Valesky Template:Party shading/Coalition | Independent Democratic Green tickY Aye Green tickY Aye
Catharine Young Republican Red XN No Red XN No
Lee Zeldin Republican Red XN No Red XN No

Response

Organizations

The Empire State Building lit in rainbow colors following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act.
  • Freedom to Marry's Evan Wolfson, said "With the freedom to marry in New York, the nationwide majority for marriage will swell, as even more people get to see why marriage matters to same-sex couples, that gay couples, like non-gay, treasure the chance to affirm and strengthen their commitment, and that ending marriage discrimination helps families and hurts no one"[33]
  • National Organization for Marriage posted to Twitter that "Marriage loses 33-29 in New York. Sad day for the state and the country. But the fight has just begun."[33]
  • The Conservative Party of New York said it would withdraw support for any candidate who voted for the bill.[34][35]
  • The New York State Catholic Conference, led by Archbishop Timothy Dolan, stated to NBC News that it was "deeply disappointed and troubled" and that the Marriage Equality Act will "alter radically and forever humanity's historic understanding of marriage."[36]

Politicians

  • Governor Andrew Cuomo, who signed the bill into law, said that "New York has finally torn down the barrier that has prevented same-sex couples from exercising the freedom to marry and from receiving the fundamental protections that so many couples and families take for granted." He also said that "With the world watching, the Legislature, by a bipartisan vote, has said that all New Yorkers are equal under the law."[37] Governor Cuomo made a speech calling for all states to legalize same-sex marriage; Cuomo stated that "We need marriage equality in every state in this nation… Otherwise, no state really has marriage equality, and we will not rest until it is a reality."[38] Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act, Governor Cuomo was criticized for describing the viewpoints of same-sex marriage opponents as being "anti-American."[39][40]
  • Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg, whose in-progress news conference was interrupted by City Council Speaker Christine Quinn who announced the passage of the bill, called the passage "a historic triumph for equality and freedom." He also said that he would support the Republicans who voted in favor of the bill in the next legislative election.[41]
  • White House spokesperson Shin Inouye told the Washington Blade by e-mail that "The president has long believed that gay and lesbian couples deserve the same rights and legal protections as straight couples." He further stated "That's why he has called for repeal of the so-called 'Defense of Marriage Act' and determined that his administration would no longer defend the constitutionality of DOMA in the courts. The states should determine for themselves how best to uphold the rights of their own citizens. The process in New York worked just as it should." On June 23, incumbent President Barack Obama delivered a speech at the Human Rights Campaign's annual gala in which he did not take an explicit position on marriage equality, but instead iterated that New York was "doing exactly what democracies are supposed to do," insisting that the decision should be left to state governments.[42]
  • U.S. junior Senator for New York Kirsten Gillibrand stated that "New York has always led the way for equal rights – from leading the suffrage movement, to Abraham Lincoln's remarkable speech opposing slavery at Cooper Union, and we have done it again."[43]
  • Congressmember Jerrold Nadler stated that "Now more than ever, we must pass the Respect for Marriage Act, my legislation to repeal the discriminatory DOMA, and allow New Yorkers and others who are - or will be - legally married to take part in the full measure of protections and obligations of federal law. Just last night in New York City, President Obama reiterated his belief that DOMA violates our Constitution and must be repealed."[43]
  • Former New York governor and state senator David Paterson praised the vote, saying "Tonight, I am ecstatic, I am elated, and I am proud to be a New Yorker." He also reciprocated accolades offered to him by Cuomo and referred to his own 2008 directive to recognize out-of-state marriages.[44]
  • Openly gay candidate for 2012 Republican presidential nomination Fred Karger stated "Congratulations New York for leading the way. You sent a powerful message to the world. We are all equal!"[citation needed]

Town clerks

Two town clerks, one in Barker and another in Granby, resigned their positions due to moral and religious objections to signing marriage certificates for same-sex couples.[45] For the same reason, a clerk in Guilderland announced she would continue in her position but would no longer officiate at any weddings, allowing another official to do so in her stead.[46] The town clerk of Volney said she will not sign marriage certificates for same-sex couples unless forced to do so.[47] Kathleen Rice, the district attorney for Nassau County, warned all town clerks within her jurisdiction they could face criminal charges if any refused to perform their duties with respect to same-sex marriages.[48] Ledyard Town Clerk Rose Marie Belforti made state and national headlines when she notified the Town of Ledyard that she would not sign gay marriage certificates due to her religious beliefs. Belforti later delegated marriage applications to a deputy. Same-sex marriage advocates and some town residents criticized Belforti for taking this action, and resident Ed Easter attempted to unseat her in the fall of 2011. Belforti was re-elected by a substantial margin.[49] Governor Cuomo took the position that municipal employees responsible for solemnizing or licensing marriages were obliged to solemnize and/or license same-sex marriage licenses as well. "If you can't enforce the law, then you shouldn't be in that position," Cuomo said.[50]

Media personalities

  • Musician and New York native Lady Gaga, who had personally lobbied senators and had urged fans of her music to call or write their senators, stated on Twitter that "The revolution is ours to fight for love, justice, and equality."[41][51]
  • Wendy Williams posted to Twitter "Yay for Gay Marriage! NY, it's about time... jersey we're next! How you doin?"[41]
  • Cyndi Lauper stated that "I have never be[sic] prouder to be a lifelong New Yorker than I am today with the passage of marriage equality.[36] "
  • Country music singer Blake Shelton, talked about misunderstanding on a comment about sexual advances by gay men,[52] responded to a Twitter follower's question if Shelton was "happy gays can get married in new york now?" with the response, "Yes.. I'm very gay about it!!"[53][54]
  • Star Trek actor and California resident George Takei, who, with his husband Brad Altman, owns an apartment in New York City, said that "good waves coming from New York is going to make a profound influence on our situation here." Takei and Altman are among 18,000 same-sex couples who were married in California during the 2008 window period prior to the passage of Proposition 8 by referendum.[55]
  • At the 2011 BET Awards, Kerry Washington compared the situation to earlier prohibitions on interracial marriage, saying "we have to be very careful about legislating love in this country. If we say that people of a certain sexual orientation can't be married, we might go back to saying that people of different races can't be married. And we can't afford to do that."[55]

Ensuing elections and appointments

Four Republican state senators−Sens. James Alesi, Mark Grisanti, Roy McDonald, and Stephen Saland−voted in favor of same-sex marriage in 2011. Following their votes, the four senators received public support from New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who scheduled a fundraiser for the four senators that was expected to raise $1.25 million.[56][57] Mayor Bloomberg also made maximum contributions to each of their re-election campaigns.[56]

On May 9, 2012, Alesi announced that he would not run for re-election. He stated that many factors, including the welfare of the Republican Party, led to his decision.[58] Prior to Alesi's announcement, Assemblyman Sean Hanna had expressed interest in challenging Alesi in the Republican primary.[59] Alesi indicated that his same-sex marriage vote would have "severely hampered" his chances in a Republican primary.[60]

Grisanti, McDonald, and Saland each faced primary challenges in 2012. Grisanti defeated attorney Kevin Stocker, 59% to 40%,[61] after a campaign in which "much of the bitterest politicking had revolved around Grisanti's controversial 2011 vote to support legalizing same-sex marriage in the state."[62] In the general election, Grisanti defeated three other candidates, including a Conservative Party challenger who opposed same-sex marriage.[63]

In the District 43 Republican primary, McDonald faced Saratoga County Clerk Kathleen Marchione, who criticized McDonald's vote for same-sex marriage.[64] After a primary contest that was described as "divisive",[65] "bitter,"[66] and "nasty,"[67] Marchione declared victory by a narrow margin on September 25, 2012.[65] McDonald later opted to cease his campaign and support Marchione.[68] Marchione won the general election on November 6, 2012.[69] Following McDonald's loss, a Newsday headline described the senator as "a political casualty of same-sex marriage."[70]

In District 41, Saland received a Republican primary challenge from Neil Di Carlo.[71] Saland won by a margin of 107 votes.[72][73] Di Carlo continued his campaign as the candidate of the Conservative Party, and Saland lost the general election to Democrat Terry Gipson[74] by a margin of 2,096 votes.[75] Di Carlo acted as a spoiler,[74] receiving 17,300 votes on the Conservative line.[75]

Of the four Republican state senators who voted in favor of the Marriage Equality Act, only one--Mark Grisanti--was re-elected to the State Senate in 2012.[76] Grisanti was defeated in the 2014 elections.[77]

In 2013, Gov. Andrew Cuomo appointed Alesi to a $90,000-per-year post[78] on the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board.[79]

In 2015, Gov. Cuomo appointed Grisanti to the New York State Court of Claims. Grisanti's appointment was confirmed by the New York State Senate in May 2015.[80] The reported salary for the judgeship was $174,000.[81]

In 2016, Gov. Cuomo appointed Saland to the board of the state Thruway Authority.[82]

In June 2017, Gov. Cuomo nominated Alesi to a $109,800-per-year[83] position on the state's Public Service Commission; the Senate confirmed his appointment.[84]

Lawsuits

Sen. Ruben Diaz, Sr., a Democrat and the most prominent opponent of the Act, announced at a rally on July 24, 2011, that he would file a lawsuit alleging that the same-sex marriages performed on that day were illegal. Diaz said the lawsuit would challenge judicial waivers that allowed a same-sex couple to marry on the same day they applied for a marriage license.[85]

On July 25, 2011, New Yorkers for Constitutional Freedoms, along with Liberty Counsel, filed a lawsuit in the New York Supreme Court for Livingston County against the New York Senate and other state offices seeking an injunction against the Act.[86] On November 18, 2011, Acting Supreme Court Justice Robert B. Wiggins allowed the plaintiffs' claims under the Open Meetings Law, but dismissed other portions of the case. He noted: "It is ironic that much of the state's brief passionately spews sanctimonious verbiage on the separation of powers in the governmental branches, and clear arm-twisting by the Executive on the Legislative permeates this entire process."[87] On July 6, 2012, a five-judge panel of the Appellate Division ruled unanimously that no violation of the Open Meetings Law had occurred and dismissed the suit.[88] On August 6, 2012, Liberty Counsel appealed to the New York Court of Appeals,[89] which declined to hear the appeal on October 23.[90]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hakim, Danny (2011-06-25). "Exemptions Were Key to Vote on Gay Marriage". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/nyregion/religious-exemptions-were-key-to-new-york-gay-marriage-vote.html. Retrieved 2011-06-25. 
  2. ↑ KEEPING HIS VOW: Man invites same-sex couples to wed at his Kingston chapel Daily Freeman, July 23, 2011
  3. ↑ Peters, Jeremy W. (July 7, 2006). "New York to Back Same-Sex Unions From Elsewhere". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/29/nyregion/29marriage.html?pagewanted=print. Retrieved April 29, 2008. 
  4. ↑ Chris Michaud (June 20, 2011). "Same-sex marriage goes down to legislative wire in New York". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/20/us-newyork-gaymarriage-idUSTRE75I2PC20110620. 
  5. ↑ "New York Assembly passes gay marriage | News Story on". 365gay.com. http://www.365gay.com/news/new-york-assembly-passes-gay-marriage/. Retrieved 2011-06-27. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Bills". http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=A08590. Retrieved August 14, 2008. 
  7. ↑ Peters, Jeremy W.. "Paterson Introduces a Same-Sex Marriage Bill". https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/nyregion/17marriage.html?_r=1&ref=nyregion. 
  8. ↑ "N.Y. Assembly passes same-sex marriage legislation - USATODAY.com". https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-05-12-ny-gaymarriage_N.htm. 
  9. ↑ Peters, Jeremy W.. "New York Senate Delays Vote on Gay Marriage Bill". https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/11/nyregion/11albany.html. 
  10. ↑ "State Assembly Vote Tally". New York State Assembly. December 2, 2009. http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?default_fld=&bn=A40003%09%09&Summary=Y&Votes=Y. Retrieved December 2, 2009. 
  11. ↑ Peters, Jeremy W. (December 2, 2009). "New York State Senate Votes Down Gay Marriage Bill". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/nyregion/03marriage.html. Retrieved December 2, 2009. 
  12. ↑ "State Senate Votes Down Gay Marriage Bill, 38-24 | The Village Voice". https://www.villagevoice.com/2009/12/02/state-senate-votes-down-gay-marriage-bill-38-24/. 
  13. ↑ Associated, The (October 5, 2013). "Aubertine resigning as NY ag commissioner". https://www.syracuse.com/news/2013/10/aubertine_resigning_as_ny_ag_commissioner.html. 
  14. ↑ Gershman, Jacob (June 25, 2011). "Gay Marriage Voted In". https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303339904576406201312879150. 
  15. ↑ Schindler, Paul. "Will the Conservative Party's Long Arm Matter on Marriage Equality?". https://www.gaycitynews.nyc/stories/2011/9/w11296-will-conservative-partys-long-arm-matter-marriage-equality-2011-05-06.html. 
  16. ↑ Confessore, Nicholas (May 19, 2011). "Conservative Party is Obstacle to Gay Marriage". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/nyregion/michael-long-is-gay-marriages-no-1-obstacle-in-ny.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&ref=nyregion&src=mv. Retrieved May 19, 2011. 
  17. ↑ Nahimas, Laura (June 29, 2011). "Will voting for gay marriage help or hurt Republican senators". The Capitol. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20110706021248/http://nycapitolnews.com/2011/06/wedding-crashers/. Retrieved May 17, 2012. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Nicholas Confessore and Michael Barbaro (June 13, 2011). "Once Against Gay Marriage, 4 Senators Say They Will Back It". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/nyregion/4-ny-senators-switch-to-favor-gay-marriage-bill.html. 
  19. ↑ Hakim, Nicholas Confessore and Danny. "2d G.O.P. Senator Backs Gay Marriage in New York". https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/15/nyregion/2d-gop-senator-backs-gay-marriage-in-new-york.html. 
  20. ↑ Casey Seiler, Capitol bureau chief (June 13, 2011). "Diaz pulling out of minority caucus". Times Union. http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/70464/diaz-pulling-out-of-minority-caucus/. 
  21. ↑ Lovett, Kenneth (June 15, 2011). "New York Assembly passes bill to legalize gay marriage 80-63; Legislation now heads to Senate". Daily News (New York). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-06-15/local/29681615_1_gay-marriage-exemptions-from-anti-discrimination-laws-senate-republicans. 
  22. ↑ Wiessner, Dan. "New York Assembly backs gay marriage, Senate showdown next". https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/16/us-newyork-gaymarriage-idUSTRE75F0BT20110616. 
  23. ↑ http://www.saratogian.com/articles/2012/03/18/news/doc4f6542d6432bf963705661.txt
  24. ↑ "Statement from Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos on Same Sex Marriage Legislation". NYSenate.gov. June 24, 2011. https://www.nysenate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/statement-senate-majority-leader-dean-skelos-same-sex-marriage-legislation. 
  25. ↑ Epstein, Jennifer (June 13, 2011). "N.Y. at the altar of gay marriage". Politico. https://www.politico.com/story/2011/06/ny-at-the-altar-of-gay-marriage-056853. 
  26. ↑ Confessore, Nicholas; Barbaro, Michael (24 June 2011). "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law". https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html. 
  27. ↑ "NY State Assembly Bill A8520". 3 October 2015. http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/A8520-2011. 
  28. ↑ International Business Times: "New York Senate Passes Chapter Amendment," June 24, 2011, accessed June 25, 2011
  29. ↑ New York Times: Nicholas Confessore and Michael Barbaro, "New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law," June 24, 2011, accessed June 25, 2011
  30. ↑ "Marriage Equality Act Passed by State Senate 33–29". https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2011/06/marriage_equality_act_state_se.html. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "Why Sen. Kevin Parker Got Mad". Gothamgazette.com. 2011-06-25. http://www.gothamgazette.com/blogs/wonkster/2011/06/25/why-sen-kevin-parker-got-mad/. Retrieved 2011-12-05. 
  32. ↑ "Governor Andrew Cuomo Declares July 24 "Day to Commemorate Marriage Equality"". https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/07/24/governor-andrew-cuomo-declares-july-24-day-to-commemorate-marriage-equality/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Sandhya Somashekhar (June 24, 2011). "New York legalizes same-sex marriage in win for gay rights advocates". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/new-york-senate-votes-to-legalize-same-sex-marriage-in-win-for-gay-rights-advocates/2011/06/15/AG3XDqjH_story.html?hpid=z1. 
  34. ↑ Seelye, Erik Eckholm and Katharine Q.. "Same-Sex Marriage Victory in New York Spurs Opponents to Work Elsewhere". https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/03/us/politics/03gay.html. 
  35. ↑ Wedding Crashers
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Cuomo signs NY gay-marriage bill". NBC News. 2011-06-25. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/43507672. 
  37. ↑ Sandhya Somashekhar (June 25, 2011). "New York legalizes same-sex marriage in win for gay rights advocates". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/new-york-senate-votes-to-legalize-same-sex-marriage-in-win-for-gay-rights-advocates/2011/06/15/AG3XDqjH_story.html. 
  38. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (October 27, 2011). "Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo Calls for Same-Sex Marriage in All States". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/nyregion/gov-andrew-m-cuomo-calls-for-same-sex-marriage-in-all-states.html. 
  39. ↑ "Gay Marriage Opponents Want Apology from Cuomo". 25 October 2011. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2011/10/25/Gay_Marriage_Opponents_Want_Apology_from_Cuomo/. 
  40. ↑ "Archived copy". http://www.capitaltonight.com/2011/10/anti-gay-marriage-advocates-seek-apology-from-cuomo/. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Karen Zraick (June 24, 2011). "NYers celebrate historic vote for gay marriage". Associated Press. http://www.sacbee.com/2011/06/24/3726309/nyers-celebrate-historic-vote.html. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  42. ↑ Chris Johnson (June 25, 2011). "White House Responds To Passage Of N.Y. Marriage Bill". Washington Blade. http://www.washingtonblade.com/2011/06/25/white-house-responds-to-n-y-marriage-bill-passage/. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Siegel, Elyse (June 24, 2011). "New York Gay Marriage Bill Passes State Senate, Prompting Outpouring Of Reaction (PHOTOS)". Huffington Post. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/24/new-york-gay-marriage-bil_n_884439.html#s298055&title=US_Senator_Kirsten. 
  44. ↑ Celeste Katz (June 24, 2011). "Paterson Returns To Praise Senate Marriage Vote". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2011/06/paterson-returns-to-praise-senate-marriage-vote. 
  45. ↑ 2nd town clerk quits over gay marriage. WIVB-TV. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  46. ↑ Town clerk: I do not do 'I do'. Times Union. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  47. ↑ Benjamin, Elizabeth. Carlucci: Town clerks should enforce law . State of Politics. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
  48. ↑ Paybarah, Azi (8 July 2011). "Nassau DA: Denying Marriage Licenses to Gay Couples Could Be Criminal". New York Observer. Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. https://archive.today/20120906072357/http://www.politickerny.com/2011/07/08/nassau-da-denying-marriage-licenses-to-gay-couples-could-be-criminal/. "Kathleen Rice, the Nassau County District Attorney who ran as a tough, law-and-order attorney general candidate last year, is warning clerks they could face "criminal prosecution" if they refuse marriage licenses to same-sex couples after July 24." 
  49. ↑ Reports, The Citizen Staff. "Tragedy, tension, turmoil: Biggest stories of 2011". http://auburnpub.com/news/local/tragedy-tension-turmoil-biggest-stories-of/article_8cffc8a0-2e80-11e1-9215-0019bb2963f4.html#ixzz1hhFU7Iv5. 
  50. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-01-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20120122113956/http://www.wnyc.org/articles/its-free-country/2011/jul/21/clerks-who-object-licensing-same-sex-weddings-dont-get-pick-and-choose/. Retrieved 2011-12-05. 
  51. ↑ "= Some celebrity quotes on NY's new gay marriage law-agency = Associated Press-date = June 25, 2011". https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110625/ap_en_ce/us_gay_marriage_ny_celeb_quotes%7ctitle. 
  52. ↑ "GLAAD Targets 'Voice' Judge Blake Shelton for 'Anti-Gay' Tweet". The Hollywood Reporter. May 5, 2011. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181116025207/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/glaad-targets-voice-judge-blake-185780. "GLAAD is calling on country singer Blake Shelton, a judge on NBC's The Voice, to apologize after a violent, anti-gay Tweet was sent from his Twitter account overnight. Shelton apparently had been Tweeting about re-writing lyrics to the Shania Twain song, "Any Man of Mine". [...] But on his Twitter page Shelton wrote: "Re-writing my fav Shania Twain song.. Any man that tries Touching my behind He's gonna be a beaten, bleedin', heaving kind of guy..."" 
  53. ↑ Shelton, Blake (June 24, 2011). "Twitter - Blake Shelton". Twitter.com. https://twitter.com/blakeshelton/status/84490042214596609. Retrieved June 25, 2011. 
  54. ↑ LaSimone, Ashley (June 24, 2011). "New York Legalizes Gay Marriage: Country Stars React on Twitter". Taste of Country. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110628214155/http://tasteofcountry.com/gay-marriage-new-york-country-stars-react/. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Mega-Mysteries on the Casey Anthony Trial; Explosive Bristol Palin Bombshell; Jennifer Aniston's Love Confession; J-Lo's Future on "American Idol"". CNN. June 27, 2011. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1106/27/sbt.01.html. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Four Republicans Who Supported NY Gay Marriage Getting A Big Fundraiser". http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/10/four-republicans-who-supported-ny-gay-marriage-getting-a-big-fundraiser.php. 
  57. ↑ "Fundraiser fetes GOP same-sex marriage senators". 7 September 2011. http://blog.timesunion.com/capitol/archives/80417/fundraiser-fetes-gop-same-sex-marriage-senators/. 
  58. ↑ "Senator Alesi Won't Run Again". WHAM News. May 9, 2012. http://www.13wham.com/news/local/story/senator-alesi-not-running/xd8zTGv9j0u7mptt3FNuWQ.cspx?autoplay=1. Retrieved 13 May 2012. 
  59. ↑ http://polhudson.lohudblogs.com/2012/03/21/hanna-considering-senate-primary-against-alesi/
  60. ↑ Daily News (New York). Archived from the original on 2013-11-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20131107120416/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/state-sen-james-alesi-4-gopers-voted-gay-marriage-year-won-run-reelection-believing-vote-weakened-politically-article-1.1075378. 
  61. ↑ "- Erie County Board of Elections". https://www.elections.erie.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2012-Primary-Republican.pdf. 
  62. ↑ "Deadlocked races for two GOPers who backed gay marriage in New York". Politico.Com. 2012-09-13. http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/09/deadlocked-races-for-two-gopers-who-backed-gay-marriage-135524.html?hp=l1. Retrieved 2012-10-21. 
  63. ↑ http://www.buffalonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121107/CITYANDREGION/121109439/1177
  64. ↑ http://www.saratogian.com/articles/2012/04/05/news/doc4f7c8b1629cae579260336.txt
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  66. ↑ THOMPSON--thompson@poststar.com, MAURY. "Marchione leads McDonald, but absentee ballots will decide primary". http://poststar.com/news/local/marchione-leads-mcdonald-but-absentee-ballots-will-decide-primary/article_8b21d68a-fe1a-11e1-9214-0019bb2963f4.html. 
  67. ↑ http://www.troyrecord.com/articles/2012/09/07/news/doc504992d9cbc5e748464904.txt
  68. ↑ "Sen. Roy McDonald to leave race after losing GOP Primary". http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/story/20567/20120928/sen-roy-mcdonald-to-leave-race-after-losing-gop-primary. 
  69. ↑ http://www.saratogian.com/articles/2012/11/07/news/doc5099df628d669238688762.txt
  70. ↑ "Editorial: A political casualty of same-sex marriage". http://www.newsday.com/opinion/editorial-roy-mcdonald-a-political-casualty-of-same-sex-marriage-1.4048688. 
  71. ↑ "Saland Gets A Primary Challenger". Archived from the original on 2012-07-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20120701103056/http://www.capitaltonight.com/2012/03/saland-gets-a-primary-challenger/. Retrieved 3 Oct 2012. 
  72. ↑ "Saland ekes out GOP primary win". The Poughkeepsie Journal. http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2012309250027. Retrieved 3 Oct 2012. 
  73. ↑ https://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/elections/2012/Primary/2012PrimaryResultsSept.pdf
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  76. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (December 13, 2012). "In Final Tally, Vote for Gay Marriage Costs 3 Republicans". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/14/nyregion/saland-concedes-defeat-in-state-senate-race.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0. 
  77. ↑ lovett, ken. "And then there were none: Defeated Mark Grisanti last of NY Senate GOP lawmakers who backed legal gay marriage". https://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/defeated-mark-grisanti-ny-senate-gop-lawmakers-backed-gay-marriage-blog-entry-1.2000279. 
  78. ↑ "New York's top court gets first openly gay judge". https://www.wgrz.com/article/news/new-yorks-top-court-gets-first-openly-gay-judge/71-451011672. 
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  82. ↑ "Saland joins Thruway Authority board". https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/news/local/new-york/2016/06/23/saland-joins-thruway-authority-board/86283352/. 
  83. ↑ "Alesi on tap for new NY post". https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/albany/2017/06/19/alesi-tab-new-ny-post/103005016/. 
  84. ↑ Rulison, Larry (21 June 2017). "New PSC members OK'd including NYSERDA's Rhodes". https://www.timesunion.com/7day-business/article/New-PSC-members-OK-d-including-Rhodes-as-chair-11236107.php. 
  85. ↑ Christian Post: Debbie Cohen, "Same-Sex Marriage in NY Illegal, Says Senator Ruben Diaz", accessed August 2, 2011
  86. ↑ CNN: Lawsuit filed over New York same-sex marriage law, accessed August 3, 2011
  87. ↑ Kaplan, Thomas (November 29, 2011). "Judge Says Lawsuit Against Gay Marriage Law in New York May Proceed". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/30/nyregion/judge-says-lawsuit-against-gay-marriage-law-in-new-york-may-proceed.html. 
  88. ↑ Washington Post: NY appeals court rules open meeting law not broken in passage of sex marriage law," July 6, 2012, accessed July 6, 2012
  89. ↑ Snow, Justin (7 August 2012). "Anti-Gay Group Challenges Marriage Equality In New York". Metro Weekly. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120817052147/http://www.metroweekly.com/poliglot/2012/08/anti-gay-group-challenges-marriage-equality-in-new.html. Retrieved 7 August 2012. 
  90. ↑ Lovett, Ken (October 23, 2012). "Court of Appeals refuses to hear gay marriage appeal". Metro Weekly. http://m.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2012/10/court-of-appeals-refuses-to-hear-gay-marriage-appeal. Retrieved October 23, 2012. 

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