Social:Mixed Great Andamanese
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Short description: Koine language of Northern Andamanese
| Mixed Great Andamanese | |
|---|---|
| Great Andamanese koiné | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Strait Island |
| Ethnicity | 60 (2020)[1] |
| Extinct | 2009, with the death of Nao Jr., the last semi-fluent speaker[1] |
Mixed Khora–Bo–Jeru–Sare on a Jeru base | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gac |
| Glottolog | mixe1288[2] |
Mixed Great Andamanese is a koiné language of the Northern Andamanese language based primarily on the Jeru dialect, with lexical and grammatical influence from other Northern Andamanese dialects (Bo, Kora and Cari).
Phonology
Vowels
The Great Andamanese koiné has a seven-vowel system.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
Consonants
| Labial | Dental /Alveolar |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k |
| voiceless aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | |||
Grammar
It is a head-marking polysynthetic and agglutinative language with a SOV pattern. It has a very elaborate system for marking inalienability,[3] with seven possessive markers reflecting different body-divisions. These markers appear as proclitics that classify a large number of nouns as dependent categories.[4]
Vocabulary
| Gloss | Great Andamanese | Devanagari |
|---|---|---|
| nest | aaracha | आराचा |
| housefly | ijibu | ईजीबू |
| snake (king cobra) | ulukhu | ऊलूखू |
| chilli | ekajira | एकाजीरा |
| deer | airen | ऐरेन |
| fishing net | ocho | ओचो |
| axe | aulo | औलो |
| snail | kalatop | कालाटौप |
| dugong | kauroing | कौरौईञ |
| coconut | khider | खीदेर |
| road | ngorto | ङौरतौ |
| betelnut | chaum | चौम |
| dolphin | choa | चोआ |
| bat | jibet | जीबेट |
| fish | nyure | ञूरे |
| heron | taka | टाका |
| tongue | thatat | ठातात |
| sunset | diu | डीऊ |
| black pig | dirim raa | डीरीम राऽ |
| leaf | taich | तौच |
| dew | thun | थून |
| scorpion | dikiraseni | दीकीरासेनी |
| mosquito | nipho | नीफो |
| mushroom | pata | पाता |
| crow | phatkaa | फाटका |
| frog | phorube | फोरूबे |
| rope | pharako | फाराको |
| green turtle | belotauro | बेलोटौरौ |
| grey pigeon | mirit | मीरीत |
| rooster | maucho | मौचौ |
| strewn leaves | yephaay taich | येफाऽय तैच |
| bamboo | rat | रैट |
| tusked male pig | ratairlauto | रातैरलौतो |
| smoke | lep | लेप |
| fire | luro, wuro | लूरो, वूरो |
| waist jewellery | shirbele | शीरबेले |
| snake | shubi | शूबी |
| crocodile | sarekateyo | सारेकातेयो |
| White-bellied Sea-Eagle | karatchom | करटचोम |
| Pacific Golden Plover | chelele | चैलेले |
| Oriental Honey Buzzard | taulom-tut-bio | टौलोम-तूत-बीओ |
| Whimbrel | chautot | चौटोट |
- Column in yellow denotes loanword derived from Hindi
Place names
Vocabulary:[7]
| Contemporary name | Present Great Andamanese name |
|---|---|
| Andaman Islands | Marakele |
| South Andaman Island | Sorobul |
| Little Andaman | Ilimu Tauro |
| Strait Island | Khringkosho |
| Havelock Island (Swaraj Island) | Thi Lar Siro |
| Interview Island | Bilikhu Tara Phong |
| Neill Island (Shaheed Island) | Tebi Shiro |
| Baratang Island | Boa |
| Bluff Island | Lurua |
| Landfall Island | Mauntenga |
| Long Island | Bol Phong |
| Inglis Island | Jirikta Phong |
| Port Blair | Laotara Nyo |
| Diglipur | Thitaumul |
| Mayabunder | Ret Phor |
| Saddle Peak | Puluga Chang |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mixed Great Andamanese at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Mixed Great Andamanese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/mixe1288.
- ↑ Anvita Abbi (2006), "Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands", LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics, 64.) München
- ↑ Anvita Abbi (2009), "The Unique Structure of the Present Great Andamanese: An Overview of the Grammar", VOGA(Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese), http://www.andamanese.net/Grammar_Notes.html
- ↑ Andamani Varnamala, Centre for Linguistics Jawaharlal Nehru University, 2008, http://www.andamanese.net/varnamaala/andamani%20varnamaala.pdf
- ↑ "GA Lexicon". VOGA. http://www.andamanese.net/GA-Lexicon/lexicon/index.htm.
- ↑ "Indigenous knowledge place names". Andamanese.org. https://www.andamanese.org/great-andamanese/language/indigenous-knowledge.
Template:Creoles, mixed languages and pidgins
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