Social:Monoethnicity

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Short description: Existence of a single ethnic group in a region or country

Monoethnicity is the existence of a single ethnic group in a given region or country. It is the opposite of polyethnicity.

An example of a largely monoethnic country is Japan. It is a common belief in Japan that the entire country is monoethnic, but a few ethnic minorities live in Japan (e.g. Koreans, Ainus, and Ryukyuans).[1] They represent around 1% of the whole population.[2]

South Korea is another monoethnic country. There are small ethnic minorities that exist in South Korea, where they account for around 1% of the South Korean population. These include around 650,000 Chinese immigrants.[3]

Most African countries have what would be considered a mono-racial society, but it is common to find dozens of ethnic groups within the same country.

The Yugoslav Wars are noted as having made Yugoslavia's successor states "de facto and de jure monoethnic nation-states",[4] with Bosnia and Herzegovina further diving itself into mono-ethnic enclaves.[5]

Monoethnic countries with more than 85%

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Sovereign states

Rank Country Population Dominant group % Ref
1  Maldives 379,270 Maldivians 100% [6]
2  North Korea 24,252,231 Koreans 99.9% [7][8]
3  Lesotho 2,203,821 Basotho 99.7% [9]
4  Egypt 106,437,241 Egyptians
(including Copts) 		99% [10]
5  Morocco 37,112,080 Moroccans 99% [11]
6  Cyprus 1,266,676 Greek Cypriots 98.8% [12]
7

</ref>[13][14]

126,702,133 Japanese 98.5% [15]
8  Armenia[16][17][18] 3,018,854 Armenians 98.1% [19]
9  Algeria 44,700,000 Algerians 98% [20]
10  Albania 2,876,591 Albanians 98% [21]
11  Tunisia 11,721,177 Tunisians 98% [22]
12  Hungary 9,937,628 Hungarians 98% [23]
13  Bangladesh 162,951,560[24] Bengalis 98% [25]
14  Jordan 10,945,512 Arabs 98% [26]
15  Mongolia 3,081,677 Mongols 97% [27]
16  Poland[28][29] 38,523,261 Poles 96.9% [30]
17  South Korea 51,446,201 Koreans 96% [31]
18  Portugal 10,839,514 Portuguese 95.9% [32]
19  Lebanon 6,859,408 Lebanese 95% [33]
20  Czech Republic 10,610,947 Czechs 95% [34]
21  Haiti 11,439,646 Afro-Haitians 95% [35]
22  Iceland 332,529 Icelanders 94% [36]
23  Finland 5,537,364 Finns 93.5% [37]
24  Greece 11,183,716 Greeks 93% [38]
25  China 1,384,688,986 Han Chinese 91.6% [39]
26  Azerbaijan 9,951,400 Azerbaijanis 94.8% [40]
27  Croatia 3,871,833 Croats 91.6% [41]
28  Italy 60,483,973 Italians 91.5% [42]
29  Cambodia 15,552,211 Khmers 90% [43]
30  Romania 16,792,868 Romanians 88.9% [44]
31  Ukraine 41,554,836 (unoccupied territory) Ukrainians [45]
32  Georgia 3,716,858 (unoccupied territory) Georgians 86.8% [46]
33  Denmark 5,873,420 Danes 86.11% [47]
34  Thailand 59,878,001 Thais 86% [48]
35  Vietnam 96,208,984 Vietnamese 85.3% [49]
36  Somalia 15,893,219 Somalis 85% [50]
37  Turkmenistan 6,031,187 Turkmens 85% [51]

Unrecognized states and dependent territories

Country Population Dominant group % Ref
 Palestine 5,483,450 Palestinian Arab 91% [52][53]
 Northern Cyprus 265,100 Turkish Cypriots 99.2% [54]
 Somaliland 3,500,000 Somalis 99% [55]
Template:Country data Republic of China (Taiwan) 23,347,374 Han Chinese 97% [56] [57]
 Hong Kong 7,249,907 Cantonese people and Taishanese people 92% [58]
 Kosovo 1,935,259 Albanians 92% [59]
 Greenland 55,877 Inuit 89.7% [60]
 South Ossetia 53,532 Ossetians 89.9% [61]
 Macau 614,458 Cantonese people and Macanese people 88.7% [62]
  1. REDIRECT Template:Country data Åland Islands
 379,270 Ålanders 86.5% [63]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Arakaki, Osamu (2008), Refugee Law and Practice in Japan, Ashgate Publishing, p. 36, ISBN 978-0754670094 
  2. ↑ (in Japanese) [1] 平成２４年末現在における外国人登録者統計について].
  3. ↑ "Trying to teach South Korea about discrimination", The Los Angeles Times, 24 February 2009, http://articles.latimes.com/2009/feb/24/world/fg-korea-teach24 
  4. ↑ Dempsey, Gary (2002), Exiting the Balkan Thicket, Cato Institute, pp. 91–, ISBN 978-1-930865-17-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=EG_jyoDpN1EC&pg=PA91 
  5. ↑ Memisevic, Ehlimana (5 December 2022). "How Bosnia and Herzegovina is enshrining discrimination". Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/bosnia-herzegovina-discrimination-enshrining-how. 
  6. ↑ Maldives Enthnography, Maldives-ethnography.com, http://www.maldives-ethnography.com/, retrieved 30 June 2010 
  7. ↑ CIA World Factbook. 2016.
  8. ↑ DPR Korea 2008 Population Census: National Report, Pyongyang: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2009, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf, retrieved 2 October 2014 
  9. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/, retrieved 12 October 2017 
  10. ↑ Africa :: EGYPT, CIA The World Factbook, 27 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ 
  11. ↑ Morocco in CIA World Factbook, 23 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/ 
  12. ↑ Cyprus, CIA, 23 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cyprus/, "Greek 98.8%, other 1% (includes Maronite, Armenian, Turkish-Cypriot), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)" 
  13. ↑ Henders, Susan J. (2006). Democratization and Identity: Regimes and Ethnicity in East and Southeast Asia. Lexington Books. p. 117. ISBN 9780739107676. "Many Japanese take it for granted that they live in a monoethnic society..." 
  14. ↑ Fackler, Martin (29 May 2015). "Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan's Self-Image". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/30/world/asia/biracial-beauty-queen-strives-for-change-in-mono-ethnic-japan.html?_r=0. "...a country that still regards itself as mono-ethnic." 
  15. ↑ Japan, Central Intelligence Agency, 29 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/ 
  16. ↑ Abrahamian, Levon (2006), Armenian identity in a changing world, Mazda Publishers, p. 19, ISBN 9781568591858, "...the practically monoethnic Armenian Republic..." 
  17. ↑ Department of International Relations Association (1997). Gotchev, Atanas. ed. The New European security architecture and issues of early warning and conflict prevention. Albatros. p. 110. "Thus Armenia became the most mono-ethnic country in the CIS and the Middle East." 
  18. ↑ Cornell, Svante (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus. Routledge. p. 129. ISBN 9781135796693. "Whereas Armenia is now basically a mono- ethnic state..." 
  19. ↑ (in hy) 2011թ. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացված մարդահամարի արդյունքները [Results of the 2011 October 12-21 census in Armenia], National Statistical Service of Armenia, p. 144, https://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf 
  20. ↑ Africa :: ALGERIA, CIA The World Factbook, 27 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/algeria/ 
  21. ↑ (in en) Minority Rights and the Republic of Albania: Missing the Implementation, p. 11, https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=1555225&fileOId=1563588, "From the ethnic point of view, according to the Albanian government's reports, 98 percent of the population is Albanian and only two percent consist of Greek, Macedonian, Montenegrin recognized as national Minorities and Roma, Aromaninan recognized as ethnic - linguistic Minorities by the Albanian state." 
  22. ↑ Tunisia, CIA, 27 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia/, "Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%" 
  23. ↑ Hungarian census 2011 - final data and methodology, Hungarian Central Statistical Office, http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/nepsz2011/nepsz_03_00_2011.pdf 
  24. ↑ World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations, https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/, retrieved 18 September 2017 
  25. ↑ বাংলাদেশকে জানুন | People's Republic of Bangladesh | গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার, Bangladesh.gov.bd, http://www.bangladesh.gov.bd/site/page/812d94a8-0376-4579-a8f1-a1f66fa5df5d/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8, retrieved 16 February 2020 
  26. ↑ Middle East :: JORDAN, CIA The World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/, retrieved 13 August 2016 
  27. ↑ Skutsch, Carl (7 November 2013) (in en), Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities, Routledge, ISBN 9781135193881, https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&q=mongol+ethnic+97+percent&pg=PA841 
  28. ↑ Fishman, Joshua A. (1993), The Earliest Stage of Language Planning: The "first Congress" Phenomenon, Walter de Gruyter, p. 219, ISBN 9783110135305, "After World War II Poland has become a primarily monoethnic..." 
  29. ↑ Cienski, Jan (9 May 2013). "Coming soon to Poland – Vietnamese banking". Financial Times. http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2013/05/09/coming-soon-to-poland-vietnamese-banking/. "Monoethnic and monocultural Poland..." 
  30. ↑ Poland, Central Intelligence Agency, 22 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/poland/ 
  31. ↑ "Ethnic Minorities And Immigrants in South Korea" (in en), WorldAtlas, http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-minorities-and-immigrants-in-south-korea.html, retrieved 12 October 2017 
  32. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal, retrieved 7 November 2017 
  33. ↑ Lebanon - the World Factbook, 23 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/#people-and-society 
  34. ↑ O'Regan, David (27 January 2004) (in en), International Auditing: Practical Resource Guide, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 9780471476955, https://books.google.com/books?id=aq08qaq5ZmgC&q=czech+ethnic+95+percent&pg=PA201 
  35. ↑ "Haiti Population 2019", World Population Review, http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/haiti-population/ 
  36. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iceland/, retrieved 12 October 2017 
  37. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/, retrieved 28 November 2018 
  38. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/, retrieved 12 October 2017 
  39. ↑ (in en) The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/, retrieved 28 November 2018 
  40. ↑ "National (ethnic) composition of population". 2019. https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/en/001_11-12en.xls. 
  41. ↑ "Census of population, households and dwellings in 2021 - Population by towns/municipalities". Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 7 October 2022. https://popis2021.hr/assets/xls/Popis_2021_rezultati.zip. 
  42. ↑ (in it) National Institute of Statistics(Italy), http://demo.istat.it/str2017/index.html, retrieved 28 November 2018 
  43. ↑ Cambodia, Central Intelligence Agency, 23 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cambodia/ 
  44. ↑ (in ro) Romanian 2011 census (final results), INSSE, http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf, retrieved 28 August 2012 
  45. ↑ Population (by estimate) as of 1 February 2021., https://ukrstat.org/en/operativ/operativ2020/ds/kn/xls/kn1220_ue.xls, retrieved 24 March 2021 
  46. ↑ "Archived copy". http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf. 
  47. ↑ Bekendtgørelse af ILO-konvention nr. 169 af 28. juni 1989 vedrørende oprindelige folk og stammefolk i selvstændige stater, 1997-09-10, https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/ltc/1997/97, retrieved 2022-05-14 
  48. ↑ Draper, John; Sawat Selway, Joel (January 2019), "A New Dataset on Horizontal Structural Ethnic Inequalities in Thailand in Order to Address Sustainable Development Goal 10", Social Indicators Research 141 (4): 284, doi:10.1007/s11205-019-02065-4, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330368922, retrieved 6 February 2020 
  49. ↑ Report on Results of the 2019 Census, General Statistics Office of Vietnam, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YK6iY-j0AfZTuip28Py2Gmz5P8zw04Rn/view?usp=sharing, retrieved 1 May 2020 
  50. ↑ Population Estimation Survey 2014: For the 18 pre-war regions of Somalia, UNFPA, October 2014, p. 22, https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf, retrieved 21 April 2020 
  51. ↑ Central Asia :: TURKMENISTAN, CIA The World Factbook, 23 September 2021, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/ 
  52. ↑ "Gaza Strip" (in en), The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency), 2023-11-28, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip/#people-and-society, retrieved 2023-12-04 
  53. ↑ "West Bank" (in en), The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency), 2023-11-14, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/#people-and-society, retrieved 2023-12-04 
  54. ↑ Tablo – 8 : Yaş Grubu, Milliyet ve Cinsiyete Göre Sürekli İkamet Eden (de-jure) KKTC Vatandaşı Nüfus. TOPLAM, http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Nufus-nitelikleri_main.html, retrieved 12 February 2019 
  55. ↑ (in en) A look at Somaliland between clan politics, regional turmoil and November elections, 1 October 2017, https://newint.org/columns/country/2017/10/01/somaliland, retrieved 12 July 2021 
  56. ↑ "中華民國行政院全球資訊網" (in zh-tw). 2011-12-01. https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/99B2E89521FC31E1/2820610c-e97f-4d33-aa1e-e7b15222e45a. 
  57. ↑ "中華民國 內政部戶政司 全球資訊網". 2018-05-01. https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346. 
  58. ↑ Hong Kong, CIA, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hong-kong/, retrieved 16 February 2020 
  59. ↑ "Kosovo Population 2019". 2019-07-28. http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/kosovo-population/. 
  60. ↑ North America :: Greenland – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/, retrieved 7 February 2020 
  61. ↑ South Ossetia – Ethnic composition: 2015 census, http://pop-stat.mashke.org/rso-ethnic2015.htm, retrieved 16 July 2018 
  62. ↑ Macau, CIA, https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/, retrieved 9 June 2020 
  63. ↑ Väestö 31.12. muuttujina Maakunta, Kieli, Ikä, Sukupuoli, Vuosi ja Tiedot, https://pxnet2.stat.fi:443/PXWebPXWeb/pxweb/fi/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rl.px/ [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]



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