Social:Presidential parliamentary republic

Short description: Parliamentary democracy with an executive president

A presidential parliamentary republic, is a form of parliamentary democracy in which the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature to which it is held accountable, but is characterized by a combined head of state–head of government in the form of an executive president who carries out both functions. This is in contrast to other parliamentary systems where the executive is separate from the head of state, and a presidential system where the executive is separate from the legislature. The president is typically elected by the legislature and must maintain its confidence to remain in office, for which purpose they may be required to hold a seat.

This method of presidential election is distinct from an Assembly-independent republic, in which either the combined head of state and government (as in the Federated States of Micronesia) or the directorial executive (as in Switzerland) are elected by the legislature but are not accountable to it.

National level

Jurisdiction	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Botswana	President	The president is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat (ex-officio)	If a vote of no confidence is successful and they do not resign, it triggers the dissolution of the legislature and new elections are called (section 92 of the Constitution).	2 Terms (10 years in total)	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes
Guyana	President	The president and the legislature are elected directly by the people via double simultaneous vote	The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against the government ((article 106(6)) and new elections are called within 3 months (article 61)).	2 Terms (10 years in total)	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes
Kiribati	President	The president is elected by plurality voting after candidates for the presidency are nominated by the newly elected legislature	If a vote of no confidence against the president is successful, they are removed from office and the legislature stands dissolved (triggering a new election for it) in the interim a body known as the "Council of State" (comprising the chief justice, the president of the public service commission and speaker of the legislature) fulfills the functions of the presidency.	3 Terms (12 years in total)	N No	Y Yes	Y Yes		Y Yes
Marshall Islands	President	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Nauru	President	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
South Africa	President	The president is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, from among its members.	The president may be removed either by a motion of no-confidence or an impeachment trial.	2 terms (10 years in total)	?	?	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes (see section 37 of constitution)	The president is required to be a member of the National Assembly at the time of the election. Upon election, the president immediately resigns their seat for the duration of the presidential term.
Suriname	President	The President is elected by the National Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote. (Chapter XI, Art. 83)	According to constitution of Suriname the parliament is the highest college of state and the government is accountable it (Constitution Chapter XIII, Art. 117, paragraph 2). The parliament can also remove the president by majority vote (article 74a, 82 of the constitution).	?	?	?	?	?	?

Former

Jurisdiction	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Indonesia	President	The president was elected by the People's Consultative Assembly by plurality. (Article 6(2))	The process of removal was not defined. The president would be replaced by the vice president if there was any vacancy (e.g. died, resigned, or incapable to do their duties). (Article 8)	No term limit was defined. (Article 7)	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes	Y Yes

The 2001 amendments to the Constitution of Indonesia, which had occurred just few months after the ousting of then president Abdurrahman Wahid, replaced this de facto parliamentary system with a purely presidential one. This should not be confused with the parliamentary system of Liberal Democracy period (with prime minister as the head of government), where it was created under the Provisional Constitution of 1950.

Sub-national level

Austria

Austria	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Template:Country data Burgenland	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Carinthia	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Lower Austria	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Salzburg	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Styria	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Tyrol	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Upper Austria	Landeshauptmann
Template:Country data Vienna	Bürgermeister
Template:Country data Vorarlberg	Landeshauptmann

Germany

Germany	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Template:Country data Baden-Württemberg	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval, the state parliament may recall individual cabinet ministers with a two-thirds majority)		Y Yes
Template:Country data Bavaria	Minister-president	Simple majority of members of parliament	None, but if the Minister-president does not resign although they have lost the confidence of parliament, they can be indicted before the state constitutional court	N No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)	Y Yes	Y Yes
Template:Country data Berlin	Governing Mayor	Simple majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence (if the state parliament does not elect a new Governing Mayor within 21 days, the former officeholder is reinvested automatically)	N No	guideline competence	full		No (whole cabinet)
Template:Country data Brandenburg	Minister-President	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes
Template:Country data Bremen	President of the Senate	Simple majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	ceremonial precedence	none (the parliament elects and dismisses all cabinet members)		N No (whole cabinet)		may not be a member of the state parliament
Template:Country data Hamburg	First Mayor	Majority of members of parliament	Constructive vote of no confidence	No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)		N No (whole cabinet)		may not be a member of the state parliament
Template:Country data Hesse	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	limited (dismissal of cabinet members subject to parliamentary approval)		Y Yes		members of noble houses, which have reigned in Germany before 1918, are ineligible for office
Template:Country data Lower Saxony	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 21 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments subject to parliamentary approval)		Y Yes
Template:Country data Mecklenburg-Vorpommern	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or plurality, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 28 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes
Template:Country data North Rhine-Westphalia	Minister-President	Majority of members of parliament (first ballot), simple majority (second and third ballot), runoff (fourth ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes		has to be a member of the state parliament
Template:Country data Rhineland-Palatinate	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes
Template:Country data Saarland	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament	Vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	limited (cabinet appointments and dismissals subject to parliamentary approval)		N No (whole cabinet)
Template:Country data Saxony	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first ballot), simple majority (following ballots)	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full	Together with president of parliament	Y Yes
Template:Country data Saxony-Anhalt	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament or simple majority, if the state parliament does not elect a minister-president in 14 days and does not dissolve itself thereupon	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes
Template:Country data Schleswig-Holstein	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes
Template:Country data Thuringia	Minister-president	Majority of members of parliament (first and second ballot), plurality (third ballot)	Constructive vote of no confidence	N No	guideline competence	full		Y Yes

South Africa

South Africa	Title	Election	Removal	Term limits	Position in cabinet	Power to shape cabinet	Promulgation of laws	Granting pardons	Emergency / War	Other provisions
Eastern Cape	Premier
Free State	Premier
Gauteng	Premier
KwaZulu-Natal	Premier
Limpopo	Premier
Mpumalanga	Premier
Northern Cape	Premier
North West	Premier
Western Cape	Premier