Social:The End of Work

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The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era
The-end-of-work-bookcover.jpg
Front Cover
AuthorJeremy Rifkin
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
SubjectSocio-economics, technological unemployment
PublisherPutnam Publishing Group
Publication date
1995
Media typeHardcover
Pages400
ISBNISBN:1-58542-313-0
OCLC865211968

The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era is a non-fiction book by American economist Jeremy Rifkin, published in 1995 by Putnam Publishing Group.[1]

Synopsis

In 1995, Rifkin contended that worldwide unemployment would increase as information technology eliminated tens of millions of jobs in the manufacturing, agricultural and service sectors. He predicted devastating impact of automation on blue-collar, retail and wholesale employees. While a small elite of corporate managers and knowledge workers would reap the benefits of the high-tech world economy, the American middle class would continue to shrink and the workplace become ever more stressful.

As the market economy and public sector decline, Rifkin predicted the growth of a third sector—voluntary and community-based service organizations—that would create new jobs with government support to rebuild decaying neighborhoods and provide social services. To finance this enterprise, he advocated scaling down the military budget, enacting a value added tax on nonessential goods and services and redirecting federal and state funds to provide a "social wage" in lieu of welfare payments to third-sector workers.[1]

Critical reception

A number of economists and sociologists have been critical of Jeremy Rifkin for being one of the major contributors to the "end of work" discourse and literature of the 1990s. Autonomist political philosopher George Caffentzis concluded that Rifkin's argument is flawed because it is based on a technological determinism that does not take into account the dynamics of employment and technological change in the capitalist era.[2] It is also argued that Rifkin's historical analysis of technological unemployment in the agriculture sector in the southern United States was not shared by Martin Luther King, who believed the problem was the lack of labor rights.[3] More recent research suggests that the widespread adoption of computers between the late 1970s and the 1990s increased employment.[4]

A major theme of The End of Work is that productivity would lead to the destruction of jobs; however, the book appeared when productivity growth had been in a slowdown since the early 1970s as production costs soared while the widespread use of computers in the 1980s and early 1990s did neither reduce costs or improve productivity as it was expected (this phenomenon would be referred to as the productivity paradox). Strong productivity growth finally appeared in the late 1990s as globalization opened up new markets, but then slowed down again by the second half of the 2000s as costs rose dramatically. The productivity slowdown is still being debated.[5]

Strong growth but without absorbing large numbers of unemployed people is called a jobless recovery. Historically, innovation that obsoletes existing jobs and technologies has not created permanent unemployment, but has instead opened jobs in new industries and moved jobs from agriculture to industry and the service sector. This process is known as creative destruction.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rifkin, Jeremy (1995). The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era. Putnam Publishing Group. ISBN 0-87477-779-8. https://archive.org/details/endofwork00jere. 
  2. ↑ Caffentzis (1998)
  3. ↑ ML King, Speech to the Fourth Constitutional Convention AFL-CIO, Miami, Florida (11 December 1961). See E McGaughey, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) SSRN, part 2(2), 13
  4. ↑ J Bessen, ‘How Computer Automation Affects Occupations: Technology, jobs, and skills’ (2016) Boston University, Law & Economics WP No. 15-49
  5. ↑ The Debate Zone: Has the US passed peak productivity growth? | McKinsey & Company

References

External links




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