Social:Union Solidarity and Development Party

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Short description: Political party in Myanmar


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Union Solidarity and Development Party

ပြည်ထောင်စုကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးပါတီ
AbbreviationUSDP
ChairmanKhin Yi
Secretary-GeneralThet Naing Win
SpokespersonNandar Hla Myint
Vice-ChairmanMyat Hein
President of MyanmarMyint Swe (acting)
FounderThein Sein
Founded2 June 2010 (2010-06-02)
Preceded byUnion Solidarity and Development Association
HeadquartersDekkhinathiri Township, Naypyidaw
IdeologyMilitarism
Authoritarianism[1]
Ultranationalism[2][3]
Buddhist nationalism[2][3]
National conservatism[4]
Social conservatism[5]
Right-wing populism[6]
Political positionFar-right[2][7]
Colours<span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;">     Green
Party flag
Flag of the Union Solidarity and Development Party.svg
Website
www.usdp.org.mm

The Union Solidarity and Development Party (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စုကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးပါတီ; abbr. USDP) is a political party in Myanmar. It is one of Myanmar's two principal parties, alongside the National League for Democracy.[8] It is the successor to the former ruling military junta's mass organisation, the Union Solidarity and Development Association, and serves as the electoral proxy of the Tatmadaw (military), which operates as a state within a state. Many of its political candidates are retired generals.[9][1][10][11][12][13][14][15] It supports authoritarian military leadership.[1] It was founded by Prime Minister Thein Sein to contest the 2010 Myanmar general election and headed by him until 2013. Since 2022 it has been led by Khin Yi, who was installed as a loyalist of military leader Min Aung Hlaing.[16][17][18]

The USDP won the 2010 general election, which was boycotted by the opposition, but lost the contested 2015 general election in a landslide and subsequently served as the parliamentary opposition. Following a second landslide victory for the National League for Democracy in the 2020 general election, the USDP baselessly alleged massive electoral fraud alongside the Tatmadaw, unsuccessfully challenged the election outcome in the courts, and called for the election to be re-run.[19][20][21] The USDP subsequently supported the 2021 military coup d'état and assumed the presidency and multiple seats on the State Administration Council.[22][23]

Leadership

On 2 May 2011, Shwe Mann assumed the office as temporary chairman of USDP. Htay Oo as deputy chairman, Aung Thaung and Thein Zaw as Secretary 1 and 2. Maung Oo was appointed as Disciplinary Official of the USDP. Former Yangon Mayor Aung Thein Lin was appointed to lead the USDP's Yangon branch.[24]

On 16 October 2012, Thein Sein was re-elected as the chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) at the USDP's first party conference in Naypyidaw.[25]

As of October 2022, USDP leadership is as follows:[25]


  • Chairman: Khin Yi
  • Vice-Chairman: Myat Hein
  • General Secretary: Maung Maung Thein
  • Joint General Secretary: Thein Zaw
  • Secretary: Khin Aung Myint
  • Secretary: Thein Swe
  • Secretary: Aung Ko


Because of mounting criticism over his dual role, Thein Sein handed over the position of USDP chairman to Shwe Mann on 1 May 2013.[26]

On 13 August 2015 it was reported that chairman Shwe Mann and general secretary Maung Maung Thein had been removed from their positions.[27][28]

On 12 September 2022, Than Htay resigned as the party chairman and handed over immediately to Vice Chairman Khin Yi, the latter became Acting Chairman. On 5 October 2022, Khin Yi was elected as the new Chairman and officially assumed the party chairmanship.[29][30]

Election results

House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw)

Election Leader Total seats won Total votes Share of votes +/– Government
2010 Thein Sein
129 / 224
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 58%; height: 100%;">
 — — Increase 129 Majority government
2012
123 / 224
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 55%; height: 100%;">
 — — Decrease 5 Majority government
2015
11 / 224
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 5%; height: 100%;">
 — — Decrease 113 Opposition
2020 Than Htay
7 / 224
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 3%; height: 100%;">
 — — Decrease 4 Not recognised

House of Representatives (Pyithu Hluttaw)

Election Leader Total seats won Total votes Share of votes +/– Government
2010 Thein Sein
259 / 440
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 59%; height: 100%;">
 11,858,125 56.8% Increase 259 Majority government
2012
220 / 440
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 50%; height: 100%;">
 — — Decrease 37 Majority government
2015
30 / 440
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 7%; height: 100%;">
 6,341,920 28.3% Decrease 193 Opposition
2020 Than Htay
26 / 440
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 6%; height: 100%;">
 — — Decrease 4 Not recognised

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Macdonald, Adam P. (January 2013). "From Military Rule to Electoral Authoritarianism: The Reconfiguration of Power in Myanmar and its Future". Asian Affairs: An American Review 40 (1): 20–36. doi:10.1080/00927678.2013.759479. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Khin Moh Moh Lwin and Myo Set Pai (20 November 2020). "Far-right Buddhist nationalist candidates among biggest losers in 2020 election". Myanmar Now. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/far-right-buddhist-nationalist-candidates-among-biggest-losers-in-2020-election. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Internal Crisis Group (5 September 2017). Buddhism and State Power in Myanmar. https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/290-buddhism-and-state-power-myanmar. 
  4. ↑ Haynes, Jeffrey (2019). The Routledge Handbook to Religion and Political Parties. Routledge. 
  5. ↑ "Coup In Ranks Of Myanmar's Ruling Party Highlights Concern Over Suu Kyi". August 13, 2015. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/08/13/432056787/coup-in-ranks-of-myanmars-ruling-party-highlights-concern-over-suu-kyi. 
  6. ↑ https://www.tni.org/files/article-downloads/erpi_cp_67_win.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  7. ↑ "Myanmar is ripe for third-party opposition". Lowy Institute for International Policy. 12 May 2017. https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/myanmar-ripe-third-party-opposition. 
  8. ↑ Su-Ann Oh (8 September 2020). "Parties and their Significance in the Myanmar 2020 General Election". Perspective (Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute) 100 (2020). ISSN 2335-6677. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ISEAS_Perspective_2020_100.pdf. 
  9. ↑ Strangio, Sebastian (26 November 2020). "What's Next for Myanmar's Military Proxy Party?". The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/whats-next-for-myanmars-military-proxy-party/. 
  10. ↑ "Myanmar: Timeline of a fragile democracy". Al Jazeera. 1 February 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/1/myanmar-military-rule-to-fragile-democracy. 
  11. ↑ "Myanmar military forcibly recruits villagers into pro-junta militias". Radio Free Asia. 6 June 2022. https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/recruits-06062022194237.html. 
  12. ↑ "Explainer: Crisis in Myanmar after army alleges election fraud". Reuters. 31 January 2021. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-politics-explainer/explainer-crisis-in-myanmar-after-army-alleges-election-fraud-idUSKBN2A113H. 
  13. ↑ Smith, Martin (1 December 2003). "The Enigma of Burma's Tatmadaw: A "State Within a State"". Critical Asian Studies 35 (4): 621–632. doi:10.1080/1467271032000147069. 
  14. ↑ Ebbighausen, Rodion (12 February 2021). "Myanmar's military: A state within a state". Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/myannmar-military-state/a-56545673. 
  15. ↑ Phyo Thiha Cho (1 July 2020). "USDP says it's no longer favouring retired military officials as MP candidates". Myanmar Now. https://myanmar-now.net/en/news/usdp-says-its-no-longer-favouring-retired-military-officials-as-mp-candidates. 
  16. ↑ "New Chair of Myanmar Military's Proxy Party Urges USDP Cooperation for Regime's Agenda". The Irrawaddy. 5 October 2022. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/new-chair-of-myanmar-militarys-proxy-party-urges-usdp-cooperation-for-regimes-agenda.html. Retrieved 5 October 2022. 
  17. ↑ "Myanmar's army-backed party to replace chief with general's ally". Nikkei Asia. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/new-chair-of-myanmar-militarys-proxy-party-urges-usdp-cooperation-for-regimes-agenda.html. Retrieved September 23, 2022. 
  18. ↑ Sa Tun Aung; Aung Zay (4 October 2022). "Junta chief moves to tighten grip over USDP as party conference begins". Myanmar Now. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/junta-chief-moves-to-tighten-grip-over-usdp-as-party-conference-begins. 
  19. ↑ "Myanmar opposition demands vote re-run as Suu Kyi's NLD heads for victory". Reuters. 11 November 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-election-idUSKBN27R0UO. 
  20. ↑ "Myanmar Army-Linked Parties Challenge Election Defeats in Supreme Court". https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/supreme-court-01052021193026.html. 
  21. ↑ Goodman, Jack (5 February 2021). "Myanmar coup: Does the army have evidence of voter fraud?". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/55918746. 
  22. ↑ "Buttressing the Anti-NLD Project: Data on the Civilian Members of Myanmar's State Administration Council Junta". ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute. 8 September 2021. https://www.iseas.edu.sg/articles-commentaries/iseas-perspective/2021-119-buttressing-the-anti-nld-project-data-on-the-civilian-members-of-myanmars-state-administration-council-junta-by-htet-myet-min-tun-moe-thuzar-and-michael-montesano/. 
  23. ↑ "Myanmar coup: who are the military figures running the country?". The Guardian. 2 February 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/02/myanmar-coup-who-are-the-military-figures-running-the-country. 
  24. ↑ "Lower House speaker Thura Shwe Mann appointed USDP chairman". Mizzima News. 10 May 2011. http://www.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/5242-lower-house-speaker-thura-shwe-mann-appointed-usdp-chairman.html. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Wang Yuanyuan (16 October 2012). "President U Thein Sein re-elected as Myanmar's ruling party leader". Xinhua News Agency. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-10/16/c_131910351.htm. 
  26. ↑ "Thein Sein resigns as chairman of Burma's ruling party". DVB News. 2 May 2013. http://www.dvb.no/news/thein-sein-resigns-as-chairman-of-burma%E2%80%99s-ruling-party/27866. 
  27. ↑ Zaw, Hnin Yadana. "Myanmar ruling party chief sacked in power struggle with president". http://in.reuters.com/article/myanmar-politics-secretarygeneral-idINKCN0QI0A420150813. 
  28. ↑ Doherty, Ben (13 August 2015). "Turmoil in Burma's military-backed ruling party as leaders are deposed". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/13/burmese-forces-surround-ruling-party-headquarters-and-confine-mps-report. 
  29. ↑ "Myanmar's army-backed party to replace chief with general's ally". 23 September 2022. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Myanmar-Crisis/Myanmar-s-army-backed-party-to-replace-chief-with-general-s-ally. 
  30. ↑ "Myanmar military-linked party names junta chief's ally as leader". 5 October 2022. https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2022/10/05/myanmar-military-linked-party-names-junta-chiefs-ally-as-leader. 

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