Social:Yugh language

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Short description: Extinct Yeniseian language of Russia
Yugh
Sym Ket, Yug
Дьуʼк Dʲuˀk[1]
Pronunciationyug
Native toRussia
RegionYenisei River
Ethnicity7 Yughs (2020)
Extinct1972[2]
2–3 nonfluent speakers (1991)[3][4]
3 (2020)[5]
Language codes
ISO 639-3yug
yug
Glottologyugh1239[6]
yugh1240  additional bibliography[7]
Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.
Yug is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Numerals in Yeniseian languages

Yugh (/ˈjuːɡ/ YOOG; Yug) is a Yeniseian language, closely related to Ket, formerly spoken by the Yugh people, one of the southern groups along the Yenisei River in central Siberia.[8] It went extinct by 1972.[2] It was once regarded as a dialect of the Ket language, which was considered to be a language isolate, and was therefore called Sym Ket or Southern Ket; however, the Ket considered it to be a distinct language. By the early 1990s there were only two or three nonfluent speakers remaining,[3] and the language was virtually extinct. The 2002 census recorded 19 ethnic Yugh in all of Russia.[9] In the 2010 census, only one ethnic Yugh was counted, also stating their proficiency in Yugh,[10] while in the 2020 census, 7 ethnic Yugh were counted,[11] 2 of them stating that they were speakers of Yugh.[5]

Phonology

Vowels

Vowels of Yugh[12]
Front Central Back
Close i [i] ɨ [ɨ] u [u]
Close-mid e [e] ə [ə] o [o]
Open-mid ɛ [ɛ] ʌ [ʌ] ɔ [ɔ]
Open a [a]

Consonants

Consonants of Yugh[12]
Labial Alveolar Alveolo-

Palatal

Palatalized Velar Uvular Laryngeal/
Pharyngeal
Plosive voiceless p [p] t [t] tʼ [tʲ] k [k] (q [q]) ʔ [ʔ]
voiced b [b] d [d] dʼ [dʲ] g [g]
Fricative voiceless f [f] s [s] š [ʃ] šʼ [ʃʲ] χ [χ]
voiced (v [v]) z [z] ž [ʒ] žʼ [ʒʲ] [ɣ] (R [ʁ])
Affricate (c [t͡s]) čʼ [t͡ʃ]
Nasal m [m] n [n] nʼ [nʲ] ŋ [ŋ]    
Trill [r]
Lateral l [l] lʼ [lʲ]
Approximant j [j]

Notes

  1. ↑ Werner, Heinrich K. (2012). Vajda, Edward J.. ed. Dictionary of the Yugh language. Languages of the World/Dictionaries. 47. Muenchen: Lincom GmbH. p. 94. ISBN 978-3862883639. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward, ed., "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia (De Gruyter): pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110556216-008/html, retrieved 2024-06-26 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yugh language at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
  4. ↑ Kibrik, Aleksandr E. (March 1991). "The Problem of Endangered Languages in the USSR" (in en). Diogenes 39 (153): 67–83. doi:10.1177/039219219103915305. ISSN 0392-1921. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0392192100322519/type/journal_article. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  6. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Yugh". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yugh1239. 
  7. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Yugh (Retired)". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yugh1240. 
  8. ↑ Vajda, Edward J.. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". http://pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/ket.htm. 
  9. ↑ 2002 Russian census data
  10. ↑ 2010 Russian census data
  11. ↑ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 1. Национальный состав населения
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Werner, Heinrich (1997). Das Jugische (sym-ketische). Veröffentlichungen der societa uralo-altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-03999-4. https://theswissbay.ch/pdf/Books/Linguistics/Mega%20linguistics%20pack/Paleosiberian/Yeniseian/Yugh%3B%20Das%20Jugische%20%28Werner%29.pdf. 

References

  • Vajda, Edward J. (2002). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an Annotated Bibliography and a Source Guide. Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1290-9. 

Template:Yeniseian languages



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