Software:ExifTool

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ExifTool
Original author(s)Phil Harvey
Initial release19 November 2003 (22 years ago) (2003-11-19)[1]
Written inPerl
Operating systemLinux, macOS, Windows
TypeTag editor
LicenseGPLv1+ or Artistic License
Websiteexiftool.org
Meta Information Encapsulation
Filename extension.mie
Internet media typeapplication/x-mie
Magic number
  • 7e 10 04 xx 30 4d 49 45
  • 7e 18 04 xx 30 4d 49 45
Developed byPhil Harvey
Initial release28 November 2005 (20 years ago) (2005-11-28)
Latest release
1.1
(21 January 2007 (2007-01-21))
Type of formatMetadata
Container forany other file format
Websiteexiftool.org/TagNames/MIE.html

ExifTool is a free and open-source software program for reading, writing, and manipulating image, audio, video, and PDF metadata. As such, ExifTool classes as a tag editor. It is platform independent, available as both a Perl library (Image::ExifTool) and a command-line application. ExifTool is commonly incorporated into different types of digital workflows[2][3][4][5] and supports many types of metadata including Exif, IPTC, XMP, JFIF, GeoTIFF, ICC Profile, Photoshop IRB, FlashPix, AFCP and ID3, as well as the manufacturer-specific metadata formats of many digital cameras. This tool is often used in digital forensic analysis[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and library archival.[14][15][16]

Metainformation encapsulation

ExifTool also implements its own open metadata format. It is designed to encapsulate metainformation from many sources, in binary or textual form, and bundle it together with any type of file. It can either be a single file, wrapping existing data, added as a trailer on other file types, or used as a sidecar file, carrying for example Exif or XMP metadata.

Uses

Websites and services that use ExifTool include:

Supported file formats

ExifTool can read, edit or create files with the following formats:[21]

Reading support

Extended content
  • 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)
  • 3FR - Hasselblad raw (TIFF-based)
  • 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)
  • 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)
  • A - Unix static library code Archive
  • AA - Audible Audiobook
  • AAC - Audio files
  • AAE - Apple edit information (XML PLIST-based)
  • AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)
  • ACR - American College of Radiology ACR-NEMA (DICOM-like)
  • AFM, ACFM, AMFM - Adobe (Composite/Multiple Master) Font Metrics
  • AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)
  • AIFF, AIF, AIFC - Audio Interchange File Format (Compressed)
  • APE - Monkey's Audio
  • ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)
  • ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)
  • ASF - Microsoft Advanced Systems Format
  • AVI - Audio Video Interleaved (RIFF-based)
  • AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)
  • BMP, DIB - Windows BitMaP / Device Independent Bitmap
  • BPG - Better Portable Graphics
  • BTF - BigTIFF (64-bit Tagged Image File Format)
  • CAP - Packet Capture files
  • CHM - Microsoft Compiled HTML format
  • COS - Capture One Settings (XML-based)
  • CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)
  • CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)
  • CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)
  • CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)
  • CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)
  • CSV - Comma-Separated Values
  • CZI - Zeiss Integrated Software RAW (ZISRAW)
  • DCM, DC3, DIC, DICM - DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
  • DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)
  • DCR - Kodak Digital Camera Raw (TIFF-based)
  • DFONT - Macintosh Data Fork Font
  • DIVX - DivX media format (ASF-based)
  • DJVU, DJV - DjVu image (AIFF-like)
  • DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)
  • DOC, DOT - Microsoft Word Document/Template (FPX-like)
  • DOCX, DOCM - Office Open XML Document (Macro-enabled)
  • DOTX, DOTM - Office Open XML Document Template (Macro-enabled)
  • DPX - Digital Picture Exchange
  • DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
  • DSS, DS2 - Digital Speech Standard
  • DYLIB - Mac OS X Mach-O executable and library files
  • DV - Digital Video
  • DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)
  • DVR-MS - Microsoft Digital Video Recording (ASF-based)
  • EIP - Capture One Enhanced Image Package (ZIP-based)
  • EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format
  • EPUB - Electronic Publication Format
  • ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)
  • EXE, DLL - DOS/Windows executable and library files
  • EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
  • EXR - Open EXR (Extended Range)
  • EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
  • F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
  • FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)
  • FFF - FLIR thermal image File Format
  • FITS - Flexible Image Transport System
  • FLA - Macromedia/Adobe Flash project (FPX-like)
  • FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec
  • FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format
  • FLV - Flash Video
  • FPF - FLIR Public image Format
  • FPX - FlashPix image
  • GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format
  • GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)
  • GZ, GZIP - GNU ZIP compressed archive
  • HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)
  • HDR - Radiance RGBE (Red Green Blue Exponent) High Dynamic-Range
  • HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)
  • HTML, HTM, XHTML - (Extensible) HyperText Markup Language
  • ICO, CUR - Windows Icon or Cursor
  • ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
  • ICS, ICAL - iCalendar Schedule
  • IDML - Adobe InDesign Markup Language (ZIP/XML-based)
  • IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)
  • IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)
  • INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)
  • INSV - Insta360 Video (QuickTime-based)
  • INX - Adobe InDesign Interchange (XML-based, XMP metadata only)
  • ISO - ISO 9660 disk image
  • ITC - iTunes Cover Flow artwork
  • J2C, J2K, JPC - JPEG 2000 codestream
  • JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)
  • JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)
  • JSON - JavaScript Object Notation
  • JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)
  • K25 - Kodak DC25 raw (TIFF-based)
  • KDC - Kodak Digital Camera raw (TIFF-based)
  • KEY, KTH - Apple iWork '09 Keynote presentation/Theme
  • LA - Lossless Audio (RIFF-based)
  • LFP, LFR - Lytro Light Field Picture
  • LNK - Microsoft Shell Link (Windows shortcut)
  • LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)
  • M2TS, MTS, M2T, TS - MPEG-2 Transport Stream (used for AVCHD video)
  • M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
  • MACOS - MacOS "._" sidecar file (may have any extension)
  • MAX - 3D Studio MAX (FPX-like)
  • MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
  • MIFF, MIF - Magick Image File Format
  • MKA, MKV, MKS - Matroska Audio/Video/Subtitle
  • MOBI, AZW, AZW3 - Mobipocket electronic book (Palm-based)
  • MODD - Sony Picture Motion metadata (XML PLIST-based)
  • MOI - MOD Information file
  • MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)
  • MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie
  • MP3 - MPEG-1 layer 3 audio (uses ID3 information)
  • MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)
  • MPC - Musepack Audio
  • MPEG, MPG, M2V - Motion Picture Experts Group version 1 or 2
  • MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)
  • MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video
  • MRW - Minolta Raw
  • MXF - Material Exchange Format
  • NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • NMBTEMPLATE - Apple iWork '09 Numbers Template
  • NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)
  • NUMBERS - Apple iWork '09 Numbers spreadsheet
  • O - Unix compiled code Object
  • ODB, ODC, ODF, ODG, ODI, ODP, ODS, ODT - Open Document Database/Chart/Formula/Graphics/Image/Presentation/Spreadsheet/Text (ZIP/XML-based)
  • OFR - OptimFROG audio (RIFF-based)
  • OGG, OGV - Ogg bitstream container
  • ONP - ON1 Presets
  • OPUS - Ogg Opus audio
  • ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)
  • OTF - Open Type Font
  • PAC - Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (RIFF-based)
  • PAGES - Apple iWork '09 Pages document
  • PCAP - Packet Capture files
  • PCAPNG - Packet Capture files
  • PCD - Kodak Photo CD Image Pac
  • PCX - PC Paintbrush
  • PDB, PRC - Palm Database
  • PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
  • PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • PFA, PFB - PostScript Font ASCII/Binary
  • PFM - Printer Font Metrics
  • PGF - Progressive Graphics File
  • PICT, PCT - Apple Picture file
  • PLIST - Apple Property List (binary and XML formats)
  • PMP - Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-Shot image
  • PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics
  • PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map
  • PPT, PPS, POT - Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation/Slideshow/Template (FPX-like)
  • POTX, POTM - Office Open XML Presentation Template (Macro-enabled)
  • PPAX, PPAM - Office Open XML Presentation Addin (Macro-enabled)
  • PPSX, PPSM - Office Open XML Presentation Slideshow (Macro-enabled)
  • PPTX, PPTM - Office Open XML Presentation (Macro-enabled)
  • PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template
  • PSP, PSPIMAGE - Paint Shop Pro
  • QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File
  • R3D - Redcode raw video
  • RA - RealAudio
  • RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format
  • RAM, RPM - RealAudio/Plug-in Metafile
  • RAR - RAR Archive
  • RAW - Kyocera Contax N Digital Raw
  • RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)
  • RIFF, RIF - Resource Interchange File Format
  • RM, RV, RMVB - Real Media/Video (Variable Bitrate)
  • RSRC - Mac OS Resource
  • RTF - Rich Text Format
  • RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
  • RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)
  • RWZ - Rawzor compressed image
  • SEQ - FLIR Systems image Sequence
  • SKETCH - Sketch design file
  • SO - Unix ELF executable and Shared Object files
  • SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
  • SRF - Sony Raw Format (TIFF-based)
  • SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)
  • SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics (XML-based)
  • SWF - Shockwave Flash
  • THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)
  • THMX - Office Open XML Theme
  • TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format
  • TTF, TTC - True Type Font/Collection
  • TORRENT - BitTorrent description file
  • TXT - Text files
  • VCF, VCARD - Virtual Card
  • VOB - Video Object (MPEG-based)
  • VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
  • VSD - Microsoft Visio Drawing (FPX-like)
  • WAV - Windows digital audio WAVeform (RIFF-based)
  • WEBM - Google Web Movie (MKV-based)
  • WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)
  • WMA, WMV - Windows Media Audio/Video (ASF-based)
  • WTV - Windos recorded TV show
  • WV - WavePack lossless audio (RIFF-based)
  • X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw
  • XCF - GIMP native image format
  • XLS, XLT - Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet/Template (FPX-like)
  • XLSX, XLSM, XLSB - Office Open XML Spreadsheet (Macro-enabled/Binary)
  • XLTX, XLTM - Office Open XML Spreadsheet Template (Macro-enabled)
  • XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file
  • ZIP - ZIP archive

Template:Collapse end

Edit support

  • 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)
  • 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)
  • 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)
  • AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)
  • AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)
  • ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)
  • ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)
  • AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)
  • CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)
  • CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)
  • CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)
  • CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)
  • CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)
  • DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)
  • DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)
  • DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
  • DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)
  • EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format
  • ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)
  • EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
  • EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
  • F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
  • FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)
  • FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format
  • GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format
  • GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)
  • HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)
  • HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)
  • ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
  • IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)
  • IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)
  • INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)
  • JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)
  • JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)
  • JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)
  • LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)
  • M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)
  • MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
  • MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)
  • MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie
  • MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)
  • MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)
  • MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video
  • MRW - Minolta Raw
  • NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)
  • ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)
  • PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format
  • PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)
  • PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics
  • PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map
  • PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template
  • QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File
  • RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format
  • RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)
  • RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
  • RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)
  • SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)
  • SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)
  • THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)
  • TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format
  • VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
  • WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)
  • X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw
  • XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file


Creation support

Some metadata-only files may be created from metadata input alone. Here is a list of files that ExifTool can create from scratch:

  • DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe
  • EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)
  • EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)
  • ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile
  • MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)
  • VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data
  • XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file

Supported JPEG metadata

ExifTool can read, edit or create the following types of metadata in JPEG images:[21]

JPEG Meta Information Can read? Can edit? Can create? Description
APP0 - JFIF Yes Yes Yes JPEG File Interchange Format
APP0 - JFXX Yes No No Extended JFIF
APP0 - CIFF Yes Yes No Camera Image File Format (used by some Canon models)
APP0 - AVI1 Yes No No JPEG AVI information
APP0 - Ocad Yes No No Photobucket Ocad segment
APP1 - EXIF Yes Yes Yes Exchangeable Image File Format (including maker notes)
APP1 - XMP Yes Yes Yes Extensible Metadata Platform (multi-segment)
APP1 - QVCI Yes No No Casio QV-7000SX QVCI information
APP1 - FLIR Yes No No FLIR thermal imaging data (multi-segment)
APP1 - RawThermalImage Yes No No Thermal image from Parrot Bebop-Pro Thermal drone
APP2 - ICC Yes Yes Yes International Color Consortium (multi-segment)
APP2 - FPXR Yes No No FlashPix Ready (multi-segment)
APP2 - MPF Yes No No Multi-Picture Format
APP2 - PreviewImage Yes No No Samsung APP2 preview image (multi-segment)
APP3 - Kodak Meta Yes Yes No Kodak Meta information (Exif-like)
APP3 - Stim Yes No No Stereo Still Image format
APP3 - PreviewImage Yes No No Samsung/HP preview image (multi-segment)
APP4 - Scalado Yes No No (presumably written by Scalado mobile software)
APP4 - FPXR Yes No No FlashPix Ready in non-standard location (multi-segment)
APP4 - PreviewImage Yes No No (continued from APP3)
APP5 - Ricoh RMETA Yes No No Ricoh custom fields
APP5 - Samsung UniqueID Yes No No Samsung Unique ID
APP5 - PreviewImage Yes No No (continued from APP4)
APP6 - EPPIM Yes No No Toshiba PrintIM
APP6 - NITF Yes No No National Imagery Transmission Format
APP6 - HP TDHD Yes No No Hewlett-Packard Photosmart R837 TDHD information
APP6 - GoPro Yes No No GoPro Metadata Format (GPMF) information
APP7 - Pentax Yes No No Pentax APP7 maker notes
APP7 - Qualcomm Yes No No Qualcomm Camera Attributes
APP8 - SPIFF Yes No No Still Picture Interchange File Format
APP9 - Media Jukebox Yes No No Media Jukebox XML information
APP10 - Comment Yes No No PhotoStudio Unicode Comment
APP11 - JPEG-HDR Yes No No JPEG-HDR compressed ratio image
APP12 - Picture Info Yes No No ASCII-based Picture Information
APP12 - Ducky Yes Yes Yes Photoshop "Save for Web"
APP13 - Photoshop IRB Yes Yes Yes Image Resource Block (multi-segment, includes IPTC)
APP13 - Adobe CM Yes No No Adobe Color Management
APP14 - Adobe Yes Yes Yes Adobe DCT filter
APP15 - GraphicConverter Yes No No GraphicConverter quality
COM Yes Yes Yes JPEG Comment (multi-segment)
DQT Yes No No (used to calculate the Extra:JPEGDigest tag value)
SOF Yes No No JPEG Start Of Frame
AFCP trailer Yes Yes No AXS File Concatenation Protocol (includes IPTC)
CanonVRD trailer Yes Yes Yes Canon DPP Recipe Data
FotoStation trailer Yes Yes No FotoWare FotoStation (includes IPTC)
PhotoMechanic trailer Yes Yes No Camera Bits Photo Mechanic
MIE trailer Yes Yes No Meta Information Encapsulation
Samsung trailer Yes No No Samsung Galaxy trailer
PreviewImage trailer Yes Yes Yes (preview image written after JPEG EOI)
EmbeddedVideo trailer Yes No No (extracted only with ExtractEmbedded option)

Programming libraries

ExifTool is available as the native Perl library Image::ExifTool.[22] The Python PyExifTool module provides a wrapper to the system version of ExifTool.[23] Further programming resources are given on the ExifTool project webpage.

See also

  • libsndfile – sndfile-info displays audio file info

References

  1. ↑ ExifTool Ancient History
  2. ↑ Levy, Richard. "A Workflow for Adding Specimen Metadata to Images Captured in the Field". Biodiversity Information Science and Standards. https://biss.pensoft.net/article/26247/list/9/. 
  3. ↑ Toevs, Brian. "Processing of Metadata on Multimedia using ExifTool". IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7545092. 
  4. ↑ Dunn, Iain. "Automated Photo Workflow using Hazel Rules and ExifTool". Medium. https://iaindunn.medium.com/automated-photo-workflow-using-hazel-rules-and-exiftool-fa15be79d624. 
  5. ↑ "ExifTool Tutorial Series". AVP. https://www.weareavp.com/exiftool-tutorial-series/. 
  6. ↑ Suhardjono; Handayani, Popon; Sugiarto, Hari; Aisyah, Nurul; Putra, Arman; Sarana, Bina; Mandiri, Nusa; Pembangunan, Insan (May 2022). "Forensic Analysis Video Metadata Authenticity Detection Using ExifTool". Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge 1 (12): 1727-1734. https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/JIRK/article/view/2227/1605. Retrieved 2025-03-08. 
  7. ↑ Borah, Pallab Jyoti. "ExifTool Meta-Data Extractor Image Forensics Tool". Securium Solutions. https://securiumsolutions.com/exiftool-meta-data-extractor-image-forensics-tool/. 
  8. ↑ Prior, Tarran. "Using ExifTool to Extract Metadata from Image Files". OSINT. https://osintteam.com/using-exiftool-to-extract-metadata-from-image-files/. 
  9. ↑ Hidajat, Christovito. "Digital Image Forensics: Ways to Investigate Images’ Reliability". Medium. https://christovitohidajat.medium.com/digital-image-forensics-ways-to-investigate-images-reliability-47430bf90e9a. 
  10. ↑ Wake, Taz. "ExifTool basics for DFIR". https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/exiftool-basics-dfir-taz-wake-m8cye. 
  11. ↑ Matthews, Richard. "Explainer: How Law Enforcement Decodes Your Photos". https://phys.org/news/2017-06-law-decodes-photos.html. 
  12. ↑ "Exif Extension". Guidelines for Handling Image Metadata. https://web.archive.org/web/20120131102845/http://www.metadataworkinggroup.org/pdf/mwg_guidance.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Theberge, Richard. "Enhancing Crime Scene Documentation with pyLEPhotoLog: A Free and Open-Source Solution for Investigators". NH Law Enforcement Blog. https://blog.nhletoolkit.com/enhancing-crime-scene-documentation-with-pylephotolog-a-free-and-open-source-solution-for-investigators/. 
  14. ↑ Klose, Annamarie. "Embedded Metadata". OSUL. https://libraries.atlassian.net/wiki/x/4YUZ. 
  15. ↑ Duryee, Alexander; Lyons, Bertram. "Two Open-Source Tools for Digital Asset Metadata Management". AVPreserve. https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/8891a42e-5261-4465-91f8-b6cb1db8d4e0/content. 
  16. ↑ "Reading and Writing Embedded Metadata". Car Library. http://carlibrary.org/ExifTool.htm. 
  17. ↑ "Advanced Renamer - Free and fast batch rename utility for files and folders". https://www.advancedrenamer.com/. 
  18. ↑ cberry (June 1, 2012). "Parsing Exif client-side using JavaScript". code.flickr.com. https://code.flickr.net/2012/06/01/parsing-exif-client-side-using-javascript-2/. Retrieved 16 November 2015. 
  19. ↑ "Hugin Preferences - PanoTools.org Wiki". http://hugin.sourceforge.net/docs/manual/Hugin_Preferences.html. 
  20. ↑ Harvey, Phil. "ExifTool by Phil Harvey". https://exiftool.org/. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Supported File Types
  22. ↑ Harvey, Phil. "The Image::ExifTool Perl Library Module". ExifTool website. https://exiftool.org/#library. 
  23. ↑ "PyExifTool". PyPI website. https://pypi.org/project/PyExifTool/. 



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