Software:Fraunhofer FDK AAC

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Short description: Open-source AAC codec
Fraunhofer FDK AAC
Developer(s)Fraunhofer IIS
Initial release9 July 2012; 12 years ago (2012-07-09)
Stable release(s)
Encoder4.0.1[1] / 2018; 6 years ago (2018)
Decoder3.0.0[2] / 2018; 6 years ago (2018)
Written inC++, C
Operating systemAndroid
Available inEnglish
TypeCodec
License"Fraunhofer FDK AAC license" (a free software license without a patent grant)[3][4]
Websitewww.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/impl.html

Fraunhofer FDK AAC is an open-source[5] library for encoding and decoding digital audio in the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format. Fraunhofer IIS, developed this library for Android 4.1.[6][7] It supports several Audio Object Types including MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 AAC LC, HE-AAC (AAC LC + SBR), HE-AACv2 (LC + SBR + PS) as well AAC-LD (low delay) and AAC-ELD (enhanced low delay) for real-time communication. The encoding library supports sample rates up to 96 kHz and up to eight channels (7.1 surround).[8]

Operation

The Android-targeted implementation of the Fraunhofer AAC encoder uses fixed-point math and is optimized for encoding on embedded devices/mobile phones. The library is currently limited to 16-bit PCM input. Other versions of the Fraunhofer encoder, like the one included in Winamp, are optimized for encoding music on desktop-class processors. Those versions of the encoder, however, are not open-source and require a commercial license.[9] Version 2 of the library, introduced with Android P, also includes support for xHE-AAC[10] and AAC-ELD v2.[11][12] xHE-AAC extends the operating range of the codec from 12 to 300 kb/s for stereo signals and allows seamless switching between bitrates over this range for adaptive bitrate delivery (using standards such as MPEG-DASH or HLS for example).[12] xHE-AAC also includes MPEG-D DRC mandatory loudness control to playback content at a consistent volume and offers new dynamic range control profiles for listening in noisy situations.[12]

The FDK AAC encoder employs a more aggressive default low-pass filter than is used in other codecs. Higher frequencies are removed so that more bits are available to better describe sounds of lower frequencies, improving the overall quality for most combinations of recordings and listeners. In some, not completely rare, combinations the missing high frequencies are noticeable. The library allows overriding the low-pass filter setting, and in the highest VBR mode effectively applies no filter at all.[13][unreliable source]

A cross-platform source distribution is maintained by Martin Storsjö as part of the opencore-amr project under the name fdk-aac.[14] The code compiles into a shared library, libfdk-aac. The media frameworks FFmpeg and Libav support audio encoding through libfdk-aac.[15][16]

AAC profiles that FDK supports
Profile name MPEG-4 Objects involved FDK FDK 2
Low-Complexity (AAC-LC) 2 Yes Yes
High-Efficiency (HE-AAC) 2, 5 Yes Yes
High-Efficiency version 2 (HE-AAC) 2, 5, 29 Yes Yes
Baseline USAC 42
Extended High-Efficiency (xHE-AAC) 2, 5, 29, 42 Decoding only
Low-Delay (AAC-LD) 23 Yes Yes
Enhanced Low-Delay (AAC-ELD) 39 Yes Yes
Enhanced Low-Delay version 2 (AAC-ELDv2) 44 Yes

Licensing

The license included by Fraunhofer in the FDK library source code[17][3] allows redistribution in source or binary forms, but does not license patented technologies described by the code. The license states that the library may only be used for purposes as authorized by patent licenses. Via Licensing administers a patent pool that includes patent licenses for the AAC codecs, including xHE-AAC and MPEG-D DRC.[18] The FDK license also states that "most manufacturers of Android devices already license these patent claims through Via Licensing or directly from the patent owners, and therefore FDK AAC Codec software may already be covered under those patent licenses when it is used for those licensed purposes only."[17] There is no license fee required for using an AAC codec such as FDK AAC,[19] only for manufacturing an "end-user" codec such as producing a phone loaded with AAC software.[20][21]

Debian considers the FDK AAC license non-free because it prohibits people from charging a fee for distributing the library, which runs counter to the "No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor" rule in Debian Free Software Guidelines.[22] The license was classified as free by Fedora after a review by the legal department at Red Hat,[23] though it's no longer classified as "allowed" due Fedora adopting a more defensive posture toward patents. However, Fedora states that this will not affect the fdk-aac-free package, which enables only the commonly used "Low Complexity AAC" profile, which is what most people use. The US patents on LC-AAC have expired.[24] The FSF also considers it to be free, though discourages its use due to the explicit lack of a patent grant.[4][25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Current Version Information from Source Code (encoder library)". https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/pie-release/libAACenc/src/aacenc_lib.cpp. 
  2. ↑ "Current Version Information from Source Code (decoder library)". https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/pie-release/libAACdec/src/aacdecoder_lib.cpp. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "NOTICE file in Source Code". https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/master/NOTICE. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Various Licenses and Comments about Them". https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#fdk. 
  5. ↑ "FDK Source Code". https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/master/. 
  6. ↑ "PRESS RELEASE Google selects HE-AAC Multichannel from Fraunhofer IIS for Google Play Movies in Surround". July 24, 2013. https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/iis/en/doc/ame/pressreleases/FraunhoferIIS_Presseinformation_HE-AAC_Cingo_GooglePlay_24072013.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "Platforms" (in en). https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/impl.html. 
  8. ↑ "Fraunhofer FDK AAC Information". https://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC. 
  9. ↑ "Fraunhofer Codec Availability". http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/prod/audiocodec/audiocodecs/heaac.html#tabpanel-5. 
  10. ↑ "xHE-AAC" (in en). https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/broadcast-streaming/xheaac.html. 
  11. ↑ "AAC-ELD Family" (in en). https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/ff/amm/communication/aaceld.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Fraunhofer's xHE-AAC Audio Codec Software Extends Native AAC Support In Android P For Better Quality At Low Bitrates" (in en). https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/pr/2018/20180608_AME_Android.html. 
  13. ↑ HydrogenAudio Forum discussion on FDK AAC, some relevant posts regarding the low-pass filter: "Post #34". http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=95989&st=25&p=802129&#entry802129. , "Post #89". http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?showtopic=95989&st=75&p=827970&#entry827970. , "Post #142". http://www.hydrogenaud.io/forums/index.php?s=&showtopic=95989&view=findpost&p=875811. 
  14. ↑ "opencore-amr". https://sourceforge.net/projects/opencore-amr/. 
  15. ↑ "FFmpeg AAC Encoding Guide". http://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-all.html#libfdk_005faac. 
  16. ↑ "Libav documentation". https://libav.org/documentation/general.html#Fraunhofer-AAC-library. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "NOTICE - platform/external/aac - Git at Google". https://android.googlesource.com/platform/external/aac/+/refs/heads/master/NOTICE. 
  18. ↑ "Via Adds MPEG-D DRC To Advanced Audio Coding Patent Pool – ViaCorp" (in en-US). https://www.via-corp.com/via-adds-mpeg-d-drc-to-advanced-audio-coding-patent-pool/. 
  19. ↑ "AAC Licensing FAQ Q5". Via Licensing. https://www.via-corp.com/licensing/aac/aac-faqs/. 
  20. ↑ "AAC License Fees". Via Licensing. https://www.via-corp.com/licensing/aac/license-fees/. 
  21. ↑ "AAC PATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT". June 5, 2018. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1649009/000121390020023370/ea125930ex10-9_siyatamobile.htm. 
  22. ↑ "Debian discussion regarding the FDK license". https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=694257. 
  23. ↑ "Fedora fdk-aac package review". https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1501522. 
  24. ↑ "Licensing/FDK-AAC". https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Licensing/FDK-AAC. 
  25. ↑ "Recent licensing updates". https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/recent-licensing-updates. 

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