Sparrow (bot)
Sparrow is a chatbot developed by the artificial intelligence research lab DeepMind, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. It is designed to answer users' questions correctly, while reducing the risk of unsafe and inappropriate answers.[1] One motivation behind Sparrow is to address the problem of language models producing incorrect, biased or potentially harmful outputs.[1][2] Sparrow is trained using human judgements, in order to be more “Helpful, Correct and Harmless” compared to baseline pre-trained language models.[1] The development of Sparrow involved asking paid study participants to interact with Sparrow, and collecting their preferences to train a model of how useful an answer is.[2]
To improve accuracy and help avoid the problem of hallucinating incorrect answers, Sparrow has the ability to search the Internet using Google Search[1][2][3] in order to find and cite evidence for any factual claims it makes.
To make the model safer, its behaviour is constrained by a set of rules, for example "don't make threatening statements" and "don't make hateful or insulting comments", as well as rules about possibly harmful advice, and not claiming to be a person.[1] During development study participants were asked to converse with the system and try to trick it into breaking these rules.[2] A 'rule model' was trained on judgements from these participants, which was used for further training.
Sparrow was introduced in a paper in September 2022, titled "Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgements";[4] however, the bot was not released publicly.[1][3] DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis said DeepMind is considering releasing Sparrow for a "private beta" some time in 2023.[4][5][6]
Training
Sparrow is a deep neural network based on the transformer machine learning model architecture. It is fine-tuned from DeepMind's Chinchilla AI pre-trained large language model (LLM),[1] which has 70 Billion parameters.[7]
Sparrow is trained using reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF),[1][3] although some supervised fine-tuning techniques are also used. The RLHF training utilizes two reward models to capture human judgements: a “preference model” that predicts what a human study participant would prefer and a “rule model” that predicts if the model has broken one of the rules.[3]
Limitations
Sparrow's training data corpus is mainly in English, meaning it performs worse in other languages.[citation needed]
When adversarially probed by study participants it breaks the rules 8% of the time;[2] however, this is still three times lower than the baseline prompted pre-trained model (Chinchilla).
See also
- AI safety
- Commonsense reasoning
- Ethics of artificial intelligence
- Natural language processing
- Prompt engineering
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Quach, Katyanna (January 23, 2023). "The secret to Sparrow, DeepMind's latest Q&A chatbot: Human feedback". https://www.theregister.com/2022/09/23/sparrow_chatbot_deepmind_google/.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Gupta, Khushboo (September 28, 2022). "Deepmind Introduces 'Sparrow,' An Artificial Intelligence-Powered Chatbot Developed To Build Safer Machine Learning Systems". https://www.marktechpost.com/2022/09/28/deepmind-introduces-sparrow-an-artificial-intelligence-powered-chatbot-developed-to-build-safer-machine-learning-systems/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Goldman, Sharon (January 23, 2023). "Why DeepMind isn't deploying its new AI chatbot — and what it means for responsible AI". https://venturebeat.com/ai/why-deepmind-isnt-deploying-its-new-ai-chatbot/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cuthbertson, Anthony (January 16, 2023). "DeepMind's AI chatbot can do things that ChatGPT cannot, CEO claims". https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/deepmind-ai-chatbot-chatgpt-openai-b2262862.html.
- ↑ Perrigo, Billy (January 12, 2023). "DeepMind's CEO Helped Take AI Mainstream. Now He's Urging Caution". TIME. https://time.com/6246119/demis-hassabis-deepmind-interview/. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
- ↑ Wilson, Mark (January 16, 2023). "Google's DeepMind says it'll launch a more grown-up ChatGPT rival soon". https://www.techradar.com/news/googles-deepmind-promises-chatgpt-rival-soon-and-it-could-be-better-in-one-key-way.
- ↑ Hoffmann, Jordan (April 12, 2022). "An empirical analysis of compute-optimal large language model training". https://www.deepmind.com/publications/an-empirical-analysis-of-compute-optimal-large-language-model-training.
External links
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparrow (bot).
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