View source for Biology:TRPM

{{Short description|Family of transport proteins}}
'''TRPM''' is a family of [[Biology:Transient receptor potential channel|transient receptor potential]] [[Biology:Ion channel|ion channel]]s (''M'' standing for ''wikt:melastatin'').<ref name= Kraft_2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kraft R, Harteneck C |title=The mammalian melastatin-related transient receptor potential cation channels: an overview |journal=Pflügers Arch |volume= 451 |issue=1 |pages=204–211 |year=2005 |pmid= 15895246 |doi=10.1007/s00424-005-1428-0|s2cid=22823024 }}</ref>  Functional TRPM channels are believed to form tetramers.<ref name= Jiang_2007>{{cite journal |author=Jiang LH |title=Subunit interaction in channel assembly and functional regulation of transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels |journal=Biochem Soc Trans |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=86–8 |year=2007 |pmid= 17233608 |doi=10.1042/BST0350086}}</ref> The TRPM family consists of eight different channels, TRPM1–TRPM8.<ref name= Boesmans_2011>{{cite journal |vauthors=Boesmans W, Owsianik G, Tack J, Voets T, Vanden Berghe P |title= TRP channels in neurogastroenterology: opportunities for therapeutic intervention |journal= British Journal of Pharmacology |volume= 162 |issue=1 |pages=18–37 |year=2011 |pmid= 20804496 |doi=10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01009.x |pmc=3012403}}</ref>

Unlike the [[Biology:TRPC|TRPC]] and [[Biology:TRPV|TRPV]] sub-families, TRPM subunits do not contain N-terminal ankyrin repeat motifs but, rather, contain entire functional proteins in their C-termini. TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.

==Permeability and activation==
The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels. 
*[[Biology:TRPM4|TRPM4]] and [[Biology:TRPM5|TRPM5]] are impermeable to calcium.
*[[Biology:TRPM3|TRPM3]], [[Biology:TRPM6|TRPM6]] and [[Biology:TRPM7|TRPM7]] are highly permeable to both calcium and magnesium.

The mechanism of activation also varies greatly among TRPM channels. 
*[[Biology:TRPM2|TRPM2]] is activated by ADP-ribose adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose and functions as a sensor of redox status in cells.<ref name= Hara_2002>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hara Y, Wakamori M, Ishii M, Maeno E, Nishida M, Yoshida T, Yamada H, Shimizu S, Mori E, Kudoh J, Shimizu N, Kurose H, Okada Y, Imoto K, Mori Y |title=LTRPC2 Ca2+-permeable channel activated by changes in redox status confers susceptibility to cell death |journal=Mol Cell |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=163–173 |year=2002 |pmid= 11804595 |doi=10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00438-5|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*[[Biology:TRPM4|TRPM4]] and [[Biology:TRPM5|TRPM5]] are activated by intracellular calcium.
*[[Biology:TRPM8|TRPM8]] can be activated by low temperatures, [[Chemistry:Menthol|menthol]], [[Chemistry:Eucalyptol|eucalyptol]] and [[Chemistry:Icilin|icilin]].<ref name=Behrendt_2004>{{cite journal |vauthors=Behrendt HJ, Germann T, Gillen C, Hatt H, Jostock R |title=Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay |journal=Br. J. Pharmacol. |volume=141 |issue=4 |pages=737–745 |year=2004 |pmid=14757700 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjp.0705652 |pmc=1574235}}</ref><ref name=Nilius_2007>{{cite journal |vauthors=Nilius B, Owsianik G, Voets T, Peters JA |title=Transient receptor potential cation channels in disease |journal=Physiol. Rev. |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=165–217 |year=2007 |pmid=17237345 |doi=10.1152/physrev.00021.2006|url=https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/137085/2/Nilius_Physiol+Reviews+TRP_Disease.pdf }}</ref>

==Functions==
Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are:
*regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Launay P, Cheng H, Srivatsan S, Penner R, Fleig A, ((Kinet J-P)) |title=TRPM4 regulates calcium oscillations after T cell activation |journal=Science |volume=306 |pages=1374–1377 |year=2004 |pmid=15550671 |doi=10.1126/science.1098845 |issue=5700|s2cid=16459097 }}</ref> and prevention of cardiac conduction disorders ([[Biology:TRPM4|TRPM4]]).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mathar|first1=I|last2=Jacobs|first2=G|last3=Kecskes|first3=M|last4=Menigoz|first4=A|last5=Philippaert|first5=K|last6=Vennekens|first6=R|title=TRPM4.|series=Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology|date=2014|volume=222|pages=461–87|pmid=24756717|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_18|isbn=978-3-642-54214-5}}</ref>
*modulation of [[Biology:Insulin|insulin]] secretion and sensory [[Biology:Signal transduction|transduction]] in taste cells  ([[Biology:TRPM5|TRPM5]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Philippaert|first1=K|last2=Pironet|first2=A|last3=Mesuere|first3=M|last4=Sones|first4=W|last5=Vermeiren|first5=L|last6=Kerselaers|first6=S|last7=Pinto|first7=S|last8=Segal|first8=A|last9=Antoine|first9=N|last10=Gysemans|first10=C|last11=Laureys|first11=J|last12=Lemaire|first12=K|last13=Gilon|first13=P|last14=Cuypers|first14=E|last15=Tytgat|first15=J|last16=Mathieu|first16=C|last17=Schuit|first17=F|last18=Rorsman|first18=P|last19=Talavera|first19=K|last20=Voets|first20=T|last21=Vennekens|first21=R|title=Steviol glycosides enhance pancreatic beta-cell function and taste sensation by potentiation of TRPM5 channel activity.|journal=Nature Communications|date=31 March 2017|volume=8|pages=14733|pmid=28361903|doi=10.1038/ncomms14733|pmc=5380970}}</ref>
*cold sensation ([[Biology:TRPM8|TRPM8]]).
*heat sensation and inflammatory pain ([[Biology:TRPM3|TRPM3]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Held|first1=K|last2=Voets|first2=T|last3=Vriens|first3=J|title=TRPM3 in temperature sensing and beyond.|journal=Temperature (Austin, Tex.)|date=2014|volume=2|issue=2|pages=201–13|pmid=27227024|doi=10.4161/23328940.2014.988524|pmc=4844244}}</ref>
*regulation of magnesium reabsorption in the kidneys and absorption in the intestines ([[Biology:TRPM6|TRPM6]]).<ref name=Schlingmann_2002>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schlingmann KP, Weber S, Peters M, Niemann Nejsum L, Vitzthum H, Klingel K, Kratz M, Haddad E, Ristoff E, Dinour D, Syrrou M, Nielsen S, Sassen M, Waldegger S, Seyberth HW, Konrad M |title=Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is caused by mutations in TRPM6, a new member of the TRPM gene family |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=166–170 |year=2002 |pmid=12032568 |doi=10.1038/ng889|s2cid=40990544 }}</ref>
*regulation of cell adhesion ([[Biology:TRPM7|TRPM7]]).<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((Su L-T)), Agapito MA, Li M, ((Simonson WTN)), Huttenlocher A, Habas R, Yue L, Runnels LW |title=TRPM7 regulates cell adhesion by controlling the calcium-dependent protease calpain |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue=16 |pages=11260–11270 |year=2006 |pmid=16436382 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M512885200 |pmc=3225339|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Genes==
*[[Biology:TRPM1|TRPM1]], [[Biology:TRPM2|TRPM2]], [[Biology:TRPM3|TRPM3]], [[Biology:TRPM4|TRPM4]], [[Biology:TRPM5|TRPM5]], [[Biology:TRPM6|TRPM6]], [[Biology:TRPM7|TRPM7]], [[Biology:TRPM8|TRPM8]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*{{MeshName|TRPM+Cation+Channels}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/IC/FamilyMenuForward?familyId=12 | title = Transient Receptor Potential Channels | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology }}
* {{cite web | url = http://www.trpchannel.org | title = TRIP Database | work = a manually curated database of protein-protein interactions for mammalian TRP channels}}
{{Ion channels|g4}}
{{Transient receptor potential channel modulators}}

[[Category:Membrane proteins]]
[[Category:Ion channels]]

{{Sourceattribution|TRPM}}