View source for Earth:Hasandong Formation

{{short description|Geologic formation in South Korea}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Hasandong Formation
| image          =
| caption        =
| type           = [[Earth:Geological formation|Geological formation]]
| age            = [[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]]-[[Earth:Albian|Albian]]<br>~{{fossil range|118.0|112.4}}
| period         = Aptian
| prilithology   = Mudstone
| otherlithology = [[Chemistry:Shale|Shale]], [[Earth:Sandstone|sandstone]]
| namedfor       =
| namedby        =
| region         = North Gyeongsang Province
| country        = {{flag|South Korea}}
| coordinates    = {{coord|35.1|N|128.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|41.3|N|128.1|E|display=inline}}
| unitof         = Shindong Group
| subunits       =
| underlies      =[[Earth:Jinju Formation|Jinju Formation]]
| overlies       =Nakdong Formation
| thickness      =1200 metres
| extent         =
| area           =
| map            = {{Location map+ | South Korea
| relief = 1
| width   = 250
| float   = center
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | South Korea
  | lat_deg = 35.1
  | lon_deg = 128.0
  | mark = Green pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
}}
| map_caption    =
}}

The '''Hasandong Formation''' ({{Korean|hangul=하산동층|rr=Hasandong-cheung|hanja=霞山洞層}}) is an [[Earth:Early Cretaceous|Early Cretaceous]] ([[Earth:Aptian|Aptian]] to [[Earth:Albian|Albian]]) geologic formation in {{wipe|South Korea}}. It has been dated to the late Aptian and earliest Albian, between 118.0 ± 2.6 Ma and 112.4 ± 1.3 Ma.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Tae-Ho|last2=Park|first2=Kye-Hun|last3=Yi|first3=Keewook|date=October 2018|title=Nature and evolution of the Cretaceous basins in the eastern margin of Eurasia: A case study of the Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea|journal=Journal of Asian Earth Sciences|language=en|volume=166|pages=19–31|doi=10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.004|bibcode=2018JAESc.166...19L |s2cid=135061525 }}</ref> [[Biology:Dinosaur|Dinosaur]] remains diagnostic to the [[Biology:Genus|genus]] level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weishampel |first1=David B. |last2=Barrett |first2=Paul M. |author-link3=Rodolfo Coria |last3=Coria |first3=Rodolfo A. |last4=Le Loueff |first4=Jean |author-link5=Xu Xing (paleontologist) |last5=Xu |first5=Xing |author-link6=Zhao Xijin |last6=Zhao |first6=Xijin |last7=Sahni |first7=Ashok |last8=Gomani |first8=Emily M.P. |last9=Noto |first9=Christopher N. |year=2004 |chapter=Dinosaur distribution |editor1-link=David B. Weishampel |editor1-last=Weishampel |editor1-first=David B. |editor2-link=Peter Dodson |editor2-last=Dodson |editor2-first=Peter |editor3-last=Osmólska |editor3-first=Halszka |title=The Dinosauria |url=https://archive.org/details/dinosauriandedit00weis |url-access=limited |edition=Second |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |pages=517–607 |isbn=978-0-520-24209-8}}</ref> Tracks of the pterosaur ichnospecies ''[[Earth:Pteraichnus|Pteraichnus]] koreanensis'' have also been recovered from the unit.<ref name=Leeetal2008>Y.-N. Lee, H.-J. Lee, J. and Y. Kobayashi. 2008. New pterosaur tracks from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong County, South Korea. Cretaceous Research 29:345-353.</ref>

== Fossil content ==

=== Paleofauna ===
* ''[[Biology:Hadongsuchus|Hadongsuchus]] acerdentis''<ref>Lee, H.-J. and Lee, Y.-N., 2005, A new protosuchian
(Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) skull from the Hasandong
Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong County, South
Korea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25 (Supplement
to Number 3), 83A</ref> - [[Biology:Nomen nudum|nomen nudum]]
* [[Biology:Tyrannosauroidea|Tyrannosauroidea]] indet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=Yuong-Nam |date=2008-03-01 |title=The first tyrannosauroid tooth from Korea |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-008-0003-z |journal=Geosciences Journal |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=19–24 |doi=10.1007/s12303-008-0003-z |issn=1598-7477}}</ref> - "Tooth."
* [[Biology:Carcharodontosauridae|Carcharodontosauridae]] indet.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yun|first=Chan-gyu|date=2020-06-02|title=A Carcharodontosaurid tooth from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of South Korea|url=https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/MGS/article/view/1325|journal=Mongolian Geoscientist|language=en|volume=50|pages=2–10|doi=10.5564/mgs.v50i0.1325|issn=2663-5151|doi-access=free}}</ref> - "Several teeth remains."
* Titanosauriformes indet. -"Several teeth remains."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choi |first=Seung |last2=Lee |first2=Yuong-Nam |date=2017-12-01 |title=A review of vertebrate body fossils from the Korean Peninsula and perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6 |journal=Geosciences Journal |language=en |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=867–889 |doi=10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6 |issn=1598-7477}}</ref>
* ''[[Biology:Pukyongosaurus|Pukyongosaurus]] milleniumi'' - "Cervical and dorsal vertebrae, ribs, limb and girdle elements."<ref name="table-13-1-271">"Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 271.</ref><ref>Z. Dong, I. S. Paik, and H. J. Kim. 2001. A preliminary report on a sauropod from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Korea. In T. Deng, Y. Wang (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 41-53.</ref>
* [[Biology:Hadrosauroidea|Hadrosauroidea]] indet. - "Tooth."
* [[Biology:Pterodactyloidea|Pterodactyloidea]] indet. (belongs to either [[Biology:Boreopteridae|Boreopteridae]] or Anhanguerian)<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Park, J.-Y.|author2=Lee, S.|author3=Kim, S.-H.|author4=Son, M.|author5=Lee, Y.-N.|title=A pterosaur wing phalanx from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea |year=2020|script-title=ko:경상남도 하동군 하부 백악기 하산동층에서 산출된 익룡 지골 화석|trans-title=A pterosaur wing phalanx from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea|journal=Journal of the Geological Society of Korea|volume=56|issue=1|pages=77–84|doi=10.14770/jgsk.2020.56.1.77|s2cid=216159474 |url=http://jgsk.or.kr/xml/23133/23133.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yun |first=Chan-Gyu |date=2020 |title=Boreopterid pterosaur fossils from South Korea reconsidered |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=82 |pages=567–568}}</ref>
* [[Biology:Boreopteridae|Boreopteridae]] indet.
* [[Biology:Dsungaripteridae|Dsungaripteridae]] indet.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=Jong-Deock|last2=Baek|first2=Kwang-Seok|last3=Yang|first3=Seung Young|year=2002|title=A new record of a pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Korea|journal=Current Science|volume=82|issue=10|pages=1208–1210|jstor=24107042 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24107042}}</ref>
* ''[[Biology:Sinamia|Sinamia]]'' sp.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yabumoto|first1=Y.|last2=Yang|first2=S.Y.|last3=Kim|first3=T.W.|year=2006|title=Early Cretaceous freshwater fishes from Japan and Korea|journal=Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea|volume=22|issue=1|pages=119–132|url=https://cactus.utahtech.edu/jharris/Yabumotoetal_fish.pdf}}</ref>
* ''Proadocus hadongensis'' - a turtle<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=D. H. |last2=Lee |first2=Y.-N. |last3=Ko |first3=H. |last4=Park |first4=J.-Y. |last5=Kim |first5=S.-H. |last6=Lee |first6=S. |last7=Jung |first7=S.-H. |last8=Kong |first8=D.-Y. |year=2023 |title=The first adocid turtle in South Korea (Lower Cretaceous) and the early evolution of the Adocidae |journal=Cretaceous Research |at=105665 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105665 }}</ref>
* ''Sauripes hadongensis'' - an [[Biology:Ichnotaxon|ichnotaxon]] (the oldest lizard trackway; shows bipedalism)<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Lee, H.J.|author2=Lee, Y.N.|author3=Fiorillo, A.R.|author4=Lü, J.|year=2018|title=Lizards ran bipedally 110 million years ago|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=8|issue=1|pages=2617|pmid=29449576|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-20809-z|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.2617L |doi-access=free|pmc=5814403}}</ref>
* ''[[Earth:Pteraichnus|Pteraichnus]] koreanensis'' - pterosaur [[Biology:Ichnotaxon|ichnotaxon]]<ref name=Leeetal2008/>
* ''Testudoolithus'' aff. ''curiosa'' - turtle ootaxon<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Choi, S.|author2=Kim, H.|author3=Paik, I.|author4=Park, Y.|author5=Jung, H.|author6=Xu, X.|year=2023|title=Turtle eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation (South Korea) with relict aragonite under significant thermal maturity|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=42 |issue=4 |at=e2183866|doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2183866|doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Paleoflora ===

Source:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Jong-Heon|last2=Nam|first2=Kye-Soo|last3=Lee|first3=Seong-Bok|last4=Jeon|first4=Yeong-Seok|year=2016|title=Fossil Plants from the Early Cretaceous Hasandong Formation of Chilgok Area, Korea|journal=Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society|volume=37|issue=5|pages=295−308|doi=10.5467/JKESS.2016.37.5.295|url=https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO201630765906942.pdf}}</ref>

*''Thallites'' (''T. yabei'') - liverworts
*''Onychiopsis'' (''O. elongata'') - [[Biology:Leptosporangiate fern|leptosporangiate fern]]s
*''[[Biology:Cladophlebis|Cladophlebis]]'' (''C. denticulata'', ''C. shinshuensis'', ''C.''/''Eboracia''? ''lobifolia'' and ''C.''/''Klukia''? ''koraiensis'')
*''[[Biology:Brachyphyllum|Brachyphyllum]]'' (''B. japonicum'')
*''[[Biology:Elatocladus|Elatocladus]]'' (''E. tennerima'')
*''Taeniopteris'' (''T.''? sp. and cf. ''T. auriculata'') - cycad [[Biology:Fern|fern]]s

== See also ==
* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
** List of stratigraphic units with few dinosaur genera
* [[Earth:Seonso Conglomerate|Seonso Conglomerate]]
* [[Earth:Haman Formation|Haman Formation]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite LSA |last=Weishampel |first=David B. |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |last3=Osmólska (eds.) |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21}} {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}

[[Category:Albian Stage]]
[[Category:Aptian Stage]]
[[Category:Mudstone formations]]
[[Category:Shale formations]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations]]

{{Sourceattribution|Hasandong Formation}}