View source for IEEE 802.11ac-2013

{{Short description|Wireless networking standard in the 802.11 family}}
'''IEEE 802.11ac-2013''' or '''802.11ac''' is a [[Engineering:Wireless network|wireless network]]ing standard in the [[IEEE 802.11]] set of protocols (which is part of the [[Wi-Fi]] networking family), providing high-throughput [[Wireless LAN|wireless local area networks]] (WLANs) on the [[List of WLAN channels#5GHz|5&nbsp;GHz band]].{{Efn|name=only5ghz}} The standard has been retroactively labelled as '''Wi-Fi 5''' by [[Organization:Wi-Fi Alliance|Wi-Fi Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wi-fi.org/news-events/newsroom/wi-fi-alliance-introduces-wi-fi-6 |title=Wi-Fi Alliance introduces Wi-Fi 6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/wi-fi-alliance-simplifying-802-11-wireless-network-tech-names/ |title=Here Come Wi-Fi 4, 5 and 6 in Plan to Simplify 802.11 Networking Names – The Wi-Fi Alliance Wants to Make Wireless Networks Easier to Understand and Recognize |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |date=2018-10-03 |website=CNET |access-date=2020-02-13 }}</ref>

The specification has multi-station throughput of at least 1.1 gigabit per second (1.1 Gbit/s) and single-link throughput of at least 500 megabits per second (0.5 Gbit/s).<ref>{{cite magazine| last = Van Nee| first = Richard| date = 2011| title = Breaking the Gigabit-per-second barrier with 802.11ac | url  = http://www.jorianvannee.nl/wifi| magazine  = IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine}}</ref> This is accomplished by extending the air-interface concepts embraced by [[IEEE 802.11n-2009|802.11n]]: wider RF bandwidth (up to 160&nbsp;MHz), more [[MIMO]] [[Spatial multiplexing|spatial streams]] (up to eight), downlink [[Multi-user MIMO|multi-user MIMO]] (up to four clients), and high-density modulation (up to [[Quadrature amplitude modulation#Quantized QAM|256-QAM]]).<ref name=kassner2013>{{cite web |url=http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/networking/cheat-sheet-what-you-need-to-know-about-80211ac/6689 |title=Cheat Sheet: What You Need to Know about 802.11ac |last=Kassner |first=Michael |date=2013-06-18 |website=[[TechRepublic]] |access-date=2013-06-20 }}</ref><ref name="oreilly-802.11ac">{{cite web |url=http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001739/ch04.html |title=802.11ac: A Survival Guide |website=Chimera.labs.oreilly.com |access-date=2014-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703105148/http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000001739/ch04.html |archive-date=2017-07-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The Wi-Fi Alliance separated the introduction of ac wireless products into two phases ("waves"), named "Wave 1" and "Wave 2".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.xirrus.com/pdf/Wave2_Whitepaper.pdf|title=802.11AC WAVE 2 A XIRRUS WHITE PAPER}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.networkcomputing.com/wireless/80211ac-wi-fi-part-2-wave-1-and-wave-2-products/1614338859|title=802.11ac Wi-Fi Part 2: Wave 1 and Wave 2 Products}}</ref> From mid-2013, the alliance started certifying '''Wave 1''' 802.11ac products shipped by manufacturers, based on the IEEE 802.11ac Draft 3.0 (the IEEE standard was not finalized until later that year).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/282305/Old/New%20Belden.com%20-%20Master%20Resources/blog-pdfs/white_paper_c11-713103.pdf|title=802.11ac: The Fifth Generation of Wi-Fi Technical White Paper|date=March 2014|website=Cisco}}</ref> Subsequently in 2016, Wi-Fi Alliance introduced the '''Wave 2''' certification, which includes additional features like MU-MIMO (down-link only), 160&nbsp;MHz channel width support, support for more 5&nbsp;GHz channels, and four spatial streams (with four antennas; compared to three in Wave 1 and 802.11n, and eight in IEEE's [[IEEE 802.11ax|802.11ax]] specification).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rcrwireless.com/20160629/network-infrastructure/wi-fi/wi-fi-alliance-launches-802-11ac-wave-2-certification-tag6|title=Wi-Fi Alliance launches 802.11ac Wave 2 certification|website=RCR Wireless|date=29 June 2016}}</ref> It meant Wave 2 products would have higher bandwidth and capacity than Wave 1 products.<ref name=techrepublic>{{cite web|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-802-11ac-wave-2/ |title=6 things you need to know about 802.11ac Wave 2 |website=techrepublic.com |date=2016-07-13 |access-date=2018-07-26}}</ref>

==New technologies==
New technologies introduced with 802.11ac include the following:<ref name="oreilly-802.11ac" /><ref name=oscar2013>{{cite journal
 |title=IEEE 802.11ac: from channelization to multi-user MIMO|date=2013-10-08 |doi=10.1109/MCOM.2013.6619570|last1=Bejarano|first1=Oscar|last2=Knightly|first2=Edward|last3=Park|first3=Minyoung|journal=IEEE Communications Magazine|volume=51|issue=10|pages=84–90|s2cid=317094 }}</ref>
* Extended channel binding
** Optional 160&nbsp;MHz and mandatory 80&nbsp;MHz channel bandwidth for stations; cf. 40&nbsp;MHz maximum in 802.11n.
* More MIMO spatial streams
** Support for up to eight spatial streams (vs. four in 802.11n)
* Downlink multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO, allows up to four simultaneous downlink MU-MIMO clients)
** Multiple STAs, each with one or more antennas, transmit or receive independent data streams simultaneously.
*** [[Engineering:Space-division multiple access|Space-division multiple access]] (SDMA): streams not separated by frequency, but instead resolved spatially, analogous to 11n-style MIMO.
** Downlink MU-MIMO (one transmitting device, multiple receiving devices) included as an optional mode.
* Modulation
** 256-[[Quadrature amplitude modulation|QAM]], rate 3/4 and 5/6, added as optional modes (vs. 64-QAM, rate 5/6 maximum in 802.11n).
** Some vendors offer a non-standard 1024-QAM mode, providing 25% higher data rate compared to 256-QAM
* Other elements/features
** [[Beamforming]] with standardized sounding and feedback for compatibility between vendors (non-standard in 802.11n made it hard for beamforming to work effectively between different vendor products)
** MAC modifications (mostly to support above changes)
** Coexistence mechanisms for 20, 40, 80, and 160&nbsp;MHz channels, 11ac and 11a/n devices
** Adds four new fields to the PPDU header identifying the frame as a very high throughput (VHT) frame as opposed to 802.11n's high throughput (HT) or earlier. The first three fields in the header are readable by legacy devices to allow coexistence
** [[Dynamic frequency selection|DFS]] was mandated between channels 52 - 144 for 5 Ghz to reduce interference with weather stations using the same frequency band.

==Features==
===Mandatory===
* Borrowed from the 802.11a/802.11g specifications:
** 800&nbsp;ns regular [[Guard interval|guard interval]]
** Binary [[Convolutional code|convolutional coding]] (BCC)
** Single spatial stream
* Newly introduced by the 802.11ac specification:
** 80&nbsp;MHz channel bandwidths

===Optional===
* Borrowed from the 802.11n specification:
** Two to four spatial streams
** [[Low-density parity-check code]] (LDPC)
** Space–time block coding (STBC)
** Transmit beamforming (TxBF)
** 400&nbsp;ns short guard interval (SGI)
* Newly introduced by the 802.11ac specification:
** five to eight spatial streams
** 160&nbsp;MHz channel bandwidths (contiguous 80+80)
** 80+80&nbsp;MHz channel bonding (discontiguous 80+80)
** MCS 8/9 (256-QAM)

==New scenarios and configurations==
The single-link and multi-station enhancements supported by 802.11ac enable several new WLAN usage scenarios, such as simultaneous streaming of HD video to multiple clients throughout the home, rapid synchronization and backup of large data files, wireless display, large campus/auditorium deployments, and manufacturing floor automation.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/09/11-09-0161-02-00ac-802-11ac-usage-model-document.ppt
 | title = 802.11ac Usage Models Document | date = 2008-11-10
 | first = Rolf | last = de Vegt
}}</ref>

To fully utilize their WLAN capacities, 802.11ac access points and routers have sufficient throughput to require the inclusion of a USB 3.0 interface to provide various services such as video streaming, FTP servers, and personal [[Cloud computing|cloud]] services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hardwarecanucks.com/forum/hardware-canucks-reviews/63773-asus-rt-ac56u-usb-ac56-802-11ac-review.html |title=ASUS RT-AC56U & USB-AC56 802.11AC Review |website=Hardwarecanucks.com |access-date=2014-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424061000/http://www.hardwarecanucks.com/forum/hardware-canucks-reviews/63773-asus-rt-ac56u-usb-ac56-802-11ac-review.html |archive-date=2014-04-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  With storage locally attached through USB 2.0, filling the bandwidth made available by 802.11ac was not easily accomplished.

===Example configurations===
All rates assume 256-QAM, rate 5/6:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Scenario !! Typical client<br />form factor !! PHY link rate !! Aggregate<br />capacity<br />(speed)
|-
| One-antenna [[Wireless access point|AP]], one-antenna STA, 80&nbsp;MHz || Handheld || 433&nbsp;Mbit/s || 433&nbsp;Mbit/s
|-
| Two-antenna AP, two-antenna STA, 80&nbsp;MHz || Tablet, laptop || 867&nbsp;Mbit/s || 867&nbsp;Mbit/s
|-
| One-antenna AP, one-antenna STA, 160&nbsp;MHz || Handheld || 867&nbsp;Mbit/s || 867&nbsp;Mbit/s
|-
| Three-antenna AP, three-antenna STA, 80&nbsp;MHz || Laptop, PC || 1.30&nbsp;Gbit/s || 1.30&nbsp;Gbit/s
|-
| Two-antenna AP, two-antenna STA, 160&nbsp;MHz || Tablet, laptop || 1.73&nbsp;Gbit/s || 1.73&nbsp;Gbit/s
|-
| Four-antenna AP, four one-antenna STAs, 160&nbsp;MHz<br />([[Multi-user MIMO|MU-MIMO]]) || Handheld || 867&nbsp;Mbit/s to each STA || 3.39&nbsp;Gbit/s
|-
| Eight-antenna AP, 160&nbsp;MHz (MU-MIMO)
* one four-antenna STA
* one two-antenna STA
* two one-antenna STAs
| Digital TV, Set-top Box,<br />Tablet, Laptop, PC, Handheld ||
* 3.47&nbsp;Gbit/s to four-antenna STA
* 1.73&nbsp;Gbit/s to two-antenna STA
* 867&nbsp;Mbit/s to each one-antenna STA
| 6.93&nbsp;Gbit/s
|-
| Eight-antenna AP, four 2-antenna STAs, 160&nbsp;MHz<br />(MU-MIMO) || Digital TV, tablet, laptop, PC || 1.73&nbsp;Gbit/s to each STA|| 6.93&nbsp;Gbit/s
|}

==Wave 1 vs. Wave 2==
Wave 2, referring to products introduced in 2016, offers a higher throughput than legacy Wave 1 products, those introduced starting in 2013. The maximum [[Physical layer|physical layer]] theoretical rate for Wave 1 is 1.3 Gbit/s, while Wave 2 can reach 2.34 Gbit/s. Wave 2 can therefore achieve 1 Gbit/s even if the real world throughput turns out to be only 50% of the theoretical rate. Wave 2 also supports a higher number of connected devices.<ref name=techrepublic/>

==Data rates and speed==
{|class="wikitable mw-datatable"
|-
|+Modulation and coding schemes
|-
!rowspan="3" | MCS<br/>index{{Efn|MCS 9 is not applicable to all channel width/spatial stream combinations.}}
!rowspan="3" | Spatial<br/>Streams
!rowspan="3" | Modulation<br/>type
!rowspan="3" | Coding<br/>rate
!colspan="8" | Data rate (Mbit/s)<ref name="802.11ac-2013-chapter-22.5">{{cite web |url=http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.11ac-2013.pdf |title=IEEE Std 802.11ac™-2013 - 22.5 Parameters for VHT-MCSs |publisher=IEEE |access-date=2015-04-13 |pages=323–339 |date=2013-12-11}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | 20&nbsp;MHz channels
! colspan="2" | 40&nbsp;MHz channels
! colspan="2" | 80&nbsp;MHz channels
 !colspan="2" | 160&nbsp;MHz channels
|-
! 800&nbsp;ns {{abbr|GI|Guard interval}} !! 400&nbsp;ns GI
! 800&nbsp;ns GI !! 400&nbsp;ns GI
! 800&nbsp;ns GI !! 400&nbsp;ns GI
! 800&nbsp;ns GI !! 400&nbsp;ns GI
|-
|0 ||1 ||BPSK ||1/2 ||6.5 ||7.2 ||13.5 ||15 ||29.3 ||32.5 ||58.5 ||65
|-
|1 ||1 ||QPSK ||1/2 ||13 ||14.4 ||27 ||30 ||58.5 ||65 ||117 ||130
|-
|2 ||1 ||QPSK ||3/4 ||19.5 ||21.7 ||40.5 ||45 ||87.8 ||97.5 ||175.5 ||195
|-
|3 ||1 ||16-QAM ||1/2 ||26 ||28.9 ||54 ||60 ||117 ||130 ||234 ||260
|-
|4 ||1 ||16-QAM ||3/4 ||39 ||43.3 ||81 ||90 ||175.5 ||195 ||351 ||390
|-
|5 ||1 ||64-QAM ||2/3 ||52 ||57.8 ||108 ||120 ||234 ||260 ||468 ||520
|-
|6 ||1 ||64-QAM ||3/4 ||58.5 ||65 ||121.5 ||135 ||263.3 ||292.5 ||526.5 ||585
|-
|7 ||1 ||64-QAM ||5/6 ||65 ||72.2 ||135 ||150 ||292.5 ||325 ||585 ||650
|-
|8 ||1 ||256-QAM ||3/4 ||78 ||86.7 ||162 ||180 ||351 ||390 ||702 ||780
|-
|9 ||1 ||256-QAM ||5/6 ||{{n/a}} ||{{n/a}} ||180 ||200 ||390 ||433.3 ||780 ||866.7
|-
|0 ||2 ||BPSK ||1/2 ||13 ||14.4 ||27 ||30 ||58.5 ||65 ||117 ||130
|-
|1 ||2 ||QPSK ||1/2 ||26 ||28.9 ||54 ||60 ||117 ||130 ||234 ||260
|-
|2 ||2 ||QPSK ||3/4 ||39 ||43.3 ||81 ||90 ||175.5 ||195 ||351 ||390
|-
|3 ||2 ||16-QAM ||1/2 ||52 ||57.8 ||108 ||120 ||234 ||260 ||468 ||520
|-
|4 ||2 ||16-QAM ||3/4 ||78 ||86.7 ||162 ||180 ||351 ||390 ||702 ||780
|-
|5 ||2 ||64-QAM ||2/3 ||104 ||115.6 ||216 ||240 ||468 ||520 ||936 ||1040
|-
|6 ||2 ||64-QAM ||3/4 ||117 ||130.3 ||243 ||270 ||526.5 ||585 ||1053 ||1170
|-
|7 ||2 ||64-QAM ||5/6 ||130 ||144.4 ||270 ||300 ||585 ||650 ||1170 ||1300
|-
|8 ||2 ||256-QAM ||3/4 ||156 ||173.3 ||324 ||360 ||702 ||780 ||1404 ||1560
|-
|9 ||2 ||256-QAM ||5/6 ||{{n/a}} ||{{n/a}} ||360 ||400 ||780 ||866.7 ||1560 ||1733.3
|-
|0 ||3 ||BPSK ||1/2 ||19.5 ||21.7 ||40.5 ||45 ||87.8 ||97.5 ||175.5 ||195
|-
|1 ||3 ||QPSK ||1/2 ||39 ||43.3 ||81 ||90 ||175.5 ||195 ||351 ||390
|-
|2 ||3 ||QPSK ||3/4 ||58.5 ||65 ||121.5 ||135 ||263.3 ||292.5 ||526.5 ||585
|-
|3 ||3 ||16-QAM ||1/2 ||78 ||86.7 ||162 ||180 ||351 ||390 ||702 ||780
|-
|4 ||3 ||16-QAM ||3/4 ||117 ||130 ||243 ||270 ||526.5 ||585 ||1053 ||1170
|-
|5 ||3 ||64-QAM ||2/3 ||156 ||173.3 ||324 ||360 ||702 ||780 ||1404 ||1560
|-
|6 ||3 ||64-QAM ||3/4 ||175.5 ||195 ||364.5 ||405 ||{{n/a}} ||{{n/a}} ||1579.5 ||1755
|-
|7 ||3 ||64-QAM ||5/6 ||195 ||216.7 ||405 ||450 ||877.5 ||975 ||1755 ||1950
|-
|8 ||3 ||256-QAM ||3/4 ||234 ||260 ||486 ||540 ||1053 ||1170 ||2106 ||2340
|-
|9 ||3 ||256-QAM ||5/6 ||260 ||288.9 ||540 ||600 ||1170 ||1300 ||2340 ||2600
|-
|0 ||4 ||BPSK ||1/2 ||26 ||28.8 ||54 ||60 ||117.2 ||130 ||234 ||260
|-
|1 ||4 ||QPSK ||1/2 ||52 ||57.6 ||108 ||120 ||234 ||260 ||468 ||520
|-
|2
|4
|QPSK
|3/4
|78
|86.8
|162
|180
|351.2
|390
|702
|780
|-
|3
|4
|16-QAM
|1/2
|104
|115.6
|216
|240
|468
|520
|936
|1040
|-
|4
|4
|16-QAM
|3/4
|156
|173.2
|324
|360
|702
|780
|1404
|1560
|-
|5
|4
|64-QAM
|2/3
|208
|231.2
|432
|480
|936
|1040
|1872
|2080
|-
|6
|4
|64-QAM
|3/4
|234
|260
|486
|540
|1053.2
|1170
|2106
|2340
|-
|7
|4
|64-QAM
|5/6
|260
|288.8
|540
|600
|1170
|1300
|2340
|2600
|-
|8
|4
|256-QAM
|3/4
|312
|346.8
|648
|720
|1404
|1560
|2808
|3120
|-
|9
|4
|256-QAM
|5/6||{{n/a}} ||{{n/a}} 
|720
|800
|1560
|1733.3
|3120
|3466.7
|}

Several companies are currently offering 802.11ac chipsets with higher modulation rates: MCS-10 and MCS-11 (1024-QAM), supported by Quantenna and Broadcom. Although technically not part of 802.11ac, these new MCS indices became official in the 802.11ax standard, ratified in 2021.

160&nbsp;MHz channels are unavailable in some countries due to regulatory issues that allocated some frequencies for other purposes.

===Advertised speeds===
802.11ac-class device wireless speeds are often advertised as AC followed by a number, that number being the highest link rates in Mbit/s of all the simultaneously-usable radios in the device added up.  For example, an AC1900 access point might have 600 Mbit/s capability on its 2.4&nbsp;GHz radio and 1300 Mbit/s capability on its 5&nbsp;GHz radio.  No single client device could connect and achieve 1900 Mbit/s of throughput, but separate devices each connecting to the 2.4&nbsp;GHz and 5&nbsp;GHz radios could achieve combined throughput approaching 1900 Mbit/s.  Different possible stream configurations can add up to the same AC number.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Type !! 2.4&nbsp;GHz band{{Efn|name=only5ghz|802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5&nbsp;GHz band. Operation in the 2.4&nbsp;GHz band is specified by 802.11n.}}<br />Mbit/s!! 2.4&nbsp;GHz band config<br/>[all 40&nbsp;MHz] !! 5&nbsp;GHz band<br />Mbit/s !! 5&nbsp;GHz band config<br/>[all 80&nbsp;MHz]
|-
| AC450<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smallnetbuilder.com/wireless/wireless-reviews/32545-ac580-usb-wireless-adapter-roundup |title=AC580 USB Wireless Adapter Roundup |website=SmallNetBuilder.com |date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2018-01-02}}</ref> || - || - || 433 || 1 stream @ MCS 9
|-
| AC600 || 150 || 1 stream @ MCS 7 || 433 || 1 stream @ MCS 9
|-
| AC750 || 300 || 2 streams @ MCS 7 || 433 || 1 stream @ MCS 9
|-
|AC1000
|300
|2 streams @ MCS 7
|650
|2 streams @ MCS 7
|-
| AC1200 || 300 || 2 streams @ MCS 7 || 867 || 2 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1300 || 400 || 2 streams @ 256-QAM || 867 || 2 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1300<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/wireless/wireless-reviews/32327-linksys-wumc710-wireless-ac-universal-media-connector-reviewed |title=Linksys WUMC710 Wireless-AC Universal Media Connector Reviewed |website=SmallNetBuilder.com |date=2014-01-28 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || - || - || 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1350<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tp-link.com/us/products/details/cat-5506_Archer-C59.html#specifications|title=Archer C59|website=TP-LINK.com|date=2017-03-19|access-date=2017-03-19}}</ref>|| 450 || 3 streams @ MCS 7|| 867|| 2 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1450 || 450 || 3 streams @ MCS 7 || 975 || 3 streams @ MCS 7
|-
| AC1600 || 300 || 2 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1700 || 800 || 4 streams @ 256-QAM || 867 || 2 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1750 || 450 || 3 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC1900 || 600{{Efn|name="24GHz256QAM"|With 802.11n, 600&nbsp;Mbit/s in the 2.4&nbsp;GHz band can be achieved by using four spatial streams at 150&nbsp;Mbit/s each. {{As of|2014|December}}, commercially available devices that achieve 600&nbsp;Mbit/s in the 2.4&nbsp;GHz band use 3 spatial streams at 200&nbsp;Mbit/s each.<ref name="ac2350">{{cite web |title=Netgear R7500 Nighthawk X4 Integrates Quantenna 4x4 ac Radio and Qualcomm IPQ8064 SoC |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8464/netgear-r7500-nighthawk-x4-integrates-quantenna-4x4-ac-radio-and-qualcomm-ipq8064-soc |last=Ganesh |first=T S |date=2014-09-02 |access-date=2014-09-08 |website=Anandtech.com}}</ref><ref name="ac1900">{{cite web |title=AC1900: Innovation or 3D Wi-Fi? |url=http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/wireless/wireless-features/32238-ac1900-innovation-or-3d-wi-fi |last=Higgins |first=Tim |date=2013-10-08 |access-date=2014-09-08 |website=Smallnetbuilder.com}}</ref> This requires the use of 256-QAM modulation, which is not compliant with 802.11n and can be considered a proprietary extension.<ref name="ac1900"/>}} || 3 streams @ 256-QAM || 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC2100 || 800 || 4 streams @ 256-QAM || 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC2200 || 450 || 3 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,733 || 4 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC2300 || 600 || 4 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,625 || 3 streams @ 1024-QAM
|-
| AC2400 || 600 || 4 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,733 || 4 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC2600 || 800{{Efn|name="24GHz256QAM"}} || 4 streams @ 256-QAM || 1,733 || 4 streams @ MCS 9
|-
| AC2900 || 750{{Efn|name="24GHz1024QAM"}} || 3 streams @ 1024-QAM || 2,167 || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM
|-
| AC3000 || 450 || 3 streams @ MCS 7 || 1,300 + 1,300 || 3 streams @ MCS 9 x 2
|-
| AC3150 || 1000{{Efn|name="24GHz1024QAM"}} || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM || 2,167 || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM
|-
| AC3200 || 600{{Efn|name="24GHz256QAM"}} || 3 streams @ 256-QAM || 1,300 + 1,300{{Efn|name="ac3200"|{{As of|2014|December}}, commercially available AC3200 devices use two separate radios with 1,300&nbsp;Mbit/s each to achieve 2,600&nbsp;Mbit/s total in the 5&nbsp;GHz band.}} || 3 streams @ MCS 9 x 2
|-
| AC5000 || 600 || 4 streams @ MCS 7 || 2,167 + 2,167 || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM x 2
|-
| AC5300<ref>{{cite web|last=Ngo |first=Dong |url=http://www.cnet.com/products/netgear-r8500-nighthawk-x8-ac5300-smart-wifi-router/#! |title=Netgear R8500 Nighthawk X8 AC5300 Smart WiFi Router review |website=CNET.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || 1000{{Efn|name="24GHz1024QAM"|With proprietary extension to 802.11n, using 40MHz channel in 2.4GHz, 400ns guard interval, 1024-QAM, and 4 spatial streams.}} || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM || 2,167 + 2,167 || 4 streams @ 1024-QAM x 2
|}

==Products==

===Commercial routers and access points===
Quantenna released the first 802.11ac [[Engineering:Chipset|chipset]] for retail Wi-Fi routers and consumer electronics on November 15, 2011.<ref>{{cite press release |title= Quantenna Launches World's First 802.11ac Gigabit-Wireless Solution for Retail Wi-Fi Routers and Consumer Electronics |publisher=Quantenna |date=2011-11-15 |url= http://ir.quantenna.com/news-releases/news-release-details/quantenna-launches-worlds-first-80211ac-gigabit-wireless }}</ref> Redpine Signals released the first low power 802.11ac technology for [[Engineering:Smartphone|smartphone]] application processors on December 14, 2011.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Redpine Signals Releases First Ultra Low Power 802.11ac Technology for Smartphone Application Processors |publisher=Redpine Signals |date=2011-12-14 |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/redpine-signals-releases-first-ultra-low-power-80211ac-technology-for-smartphone-application-processors-135573628.html |access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref> On January 5, 2012, [[Company:Broadcom|Broadcom]] announced its first 802.11ac Wi-Fi chips and partners<ref>{{cite press release |title=Broadcom Launches First Gigabit Speed 802.11ac Chips - Opens 2012 CES with 5th Generation (5G) Wi-Fi Breakthrough |publisher=Broadcom |date=2012-01-05 |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/broadcom-launches-first-gigabit-speed-80211ac-chips---opens-2012-ces-with-5th-generation-5g-wi-fi-breakthrough-136728148.html |access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref> and on April 27, 2012, [[Company:Netgear|Netgear]] announced the first Broadcom-enabled router.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/04/26/netgear-r6300-802-11ac-router|title=Netgear's R6300 router is first to use Broadcom 802.11ac chipset, will ship next month for $200|work=Engadget|access-date=10 September 2014}}</ref> On May 14, 2012, Buffalo Technology released the world’s first 802.11ac products to market, releasing a wireless router and client bridge adapter.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Buffalo's 802.11ac Wireless Solutions Available Now |publisher=Buffalo Technology (via PRNewswire) |location=Austin, Texas |date=May 14, 2012 |url= http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/buffalos-80211ac-wireless-solutions-available-now-151352155.html |access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref> On December 6, 2012, [[Company:Huawei|Huawei]] announced commercial availability of the industry's first enterprise-level 802.11ac Access Point.<ref>{{cite news|title=Huawei Announces Commercial Availability of Industry's First Enterprise-level 802.11ac Access Point|url=http://enterprise.huawei.com/ilink/enenterprise/news-event/news/news-list/HW_198472?KeyTemps= |publisher=Huawei |date=6 December 2012}}</ref>

[[Company:Motorola Solutions|Motorola Solutions]] is selling 802.11ac access points including the AP 8232.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://broadbandlanding.com/research/mmap/|title=Motorola Modular Access Points Performance Review|website=broadbandlanding.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-02}}</ref> In April 2014, [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|Hewlett-Packard]] started selling the HP 560 access point in the controller-based WLAN enterprise market segment.<ref>{{cite web |title=HP Launches the HP 560 802.11ac Access Point |publisher=HP |date=2014-03-31 |url=http://h17007.www1.hp.com/us/en/networking/products/wireless/HP_560_802_11ac_Dual_Radio_Access_Point_Series/index.aspx#tab=TAB1}}</ref>

===Commercial laptops===
On June 7, 2012, it was reported that [[Company:Asus|Asus]] had unveiled its ROG G75VX gaming [[Engineering:Laptop|notebook]], which would be the first consumer-oriented notebook to be fully compliant with 802.11ac<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.electronista.com/articles/12/06/07/fifth.generation.wi.fi.standard.finally.reaching.consumers|title=Asus gaming notebook first to feature full 802.11ac |publisher=Electronista |date=2012-06-07|access-date=2013-03-15}}</ref> (albeit in its "draft 2.0" version).

[[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]] began implementing 802.11ac starting with the MacBook Air in June 2013,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/06/10/apple-unveils-new-macbook-air-lineup-with-all-day-battery-life-80211ac-wi-fi|title=Apple unveils new MacBook Air lineup with all-day battery life, 802.11ac Wi-Fi |publisher=AppleInsider |date=2013-06-11|access-date=2013-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apple.com/macbook-air|title=Apple - Macbook Air|website=Apple.com|access-date=10 September 2014}}</ref> followed by the MacBook Pro and [[Engineering:Mac Pro|Mac Pro]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web|title=MacBook Pro with Retina display - Technical Specifications|url=https://www.apple.com/macbook-pro/specs-retina/ |publisher=Apple |access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mac Pro - Technical Specifications|url=https://www.apple.com/mac-pro/specs/ |publisher=Apple |access-date=10 January 2014}}</ref>

{{As of|2013|12|post=,}} [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|Hewlett-Packard]] incorporates 802.11ac compliance in laptop computers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c03904324&tmp_task=prodinfoCategory&cc=us&dlc=en&lc=en&product=5447282#N364 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221223411/http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=c03904324&tmp_task=prodinfoCategory&cc=us&dlc=en&lc=en&product=5447282#N364 |archive-date=2014-02-21 |title=HP ENVY TouchSmart 17-j043cl Notebook PC Product Specifications HP ENVY TouchSmart 17-j043cl Notebook PC |website=HP Support |access-date=2014-04-17 }}</ref>

===Commercial handsets (partial list)===
<!-- List ordered by date of introduction, not alphabetically -->
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Vendor !! Model !! Release Date !! Chipset !! Notes
|-
| [[Company:HTC|HTC]] || [[Engineering:HTC One (M7)|One (M7)]] || March 22, 2013 || BCM4335 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/HTC+One+Teardown/13494/2 |title=HTC One Teardown |website=iFixit.com |date=25 March 2013 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || First 802.11ac-enabled handset announced February 19, 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.htc.com/us/smartphones/htc-one/#specs |title=HTC One M8 &#124; HTC United States &#124; HTC United States |website=Htc.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref>
|-
| [[Company:Samsung|Samsung]] || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy S4|Galaxy S4]] || April 26, 2013 || BCM4335 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chipworks.com/blog/recentteardowns/2013/04/25/inside-the-samsung-galaxy-s4/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427084156/http://www.chipworks.com/blog/recentteardowns/2013/04/25/inside-the-samsung-galaxy-s4/|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 April 2013|title=Inside the Samsung Galaxy S4 - Recent Teardowns|date=27 April 2013|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref> || 
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy Note 3|Galaxy Note 3]] || September 25, 2013 || BCM4339 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/7376/samsung-galaxy-note-3-review/7 |title=Cellular, WiFi, Speaker & Noise Rejection - Samsung Galaxy Note 3 Review |website=Anandtech.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || Subsequent Devices Include 802.11ac
|-
| [[Company:LG Electronics|LG]] || LG Nexus 5 || October 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/lg_nexus_5-5705.php |title=LG Nexus 5 - Full phone specifications |website=Gsmarena.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || BCM4339 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Nexus+5+Teardown/19016#s53729 |title=Nexus 5 Teardown |website=iFixit.com |date=31 October 2013 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || BCM4339 is the updated version of the BCM4335
|-
| [[Company:Nokia|Nokia]] || [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia 1520|Lumia 1520]] || November 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/mobile/phone/lumia1520/specifications/ |title=Nokia Lumia 1520 Specifications - Microsoft - USA |website=Microsoft.com |date=2014-07-23 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || WCN3680 || First 802.11ac-enabled Windows Phone
|-
| Nokia || [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia Icon|Lumia Icon]] || February 20, 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/mobile/phone/lumia-icon/specifications/ |title=Nokia Lumia Icon|publisher=Nokia |access-date=2014-11-10}}</ref> || WCN3680 || Lumia 930 is Europe version of the same phone, also with 802.11ac
|-
| [[Company:HTC|HTC]] || [[Engineering:HTC One (M8)|One (M8)]] || March 25, 2014 || WCN3680 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/HTC+One+(M8)+Teardown/23615 |title=HTC One (M8) Teardown |website=iFixit.com |date=25 March 2014 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> ||
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy S5|Galaxy S5]] || April 11, 2014 || BCM4354<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.broadcom.com/wireless-technology/samsung-galaxy-s5-hits-stores-chock-full-of-broadcom-tech/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422123554/http://blog.broadcom.com/wireless-technology/samsung-galaxy-s5-hits-stores-chock-full-of-broadcom-tech/|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 April 2014|title=Samsung Galaxy S5 Hits Stores, Chock Full of Broadcom Tech - Broadcom Connected|date=22 April 2014|access-date=15 May 2018}}</ref> || 
|-
| LG || [[Engineering:LG G2|G2]] || September 18, 2013 || AWL9581 <ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.anadigics.com/news/press_releases/lg_electronics_g2_powered_anadigics_80211ac_wifi_feic|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304052942/http://www.anadigics.com/news/press_releases/lg_electronics_g2_powered_anadigics_80211ac_wifi_feic|archive-date=2014-03-04|title=LG Electronics G2 Powered by ANADIGICS 802.11ac WiFi FEIC|publisher=ANADIGICS|date=2013-08-15}}</ref> ||
|-
| LG || [[Engineering:LG G3|G3]] || May 23, 2014 || BCM4339 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ubreakifix.com/blog/lg-g3-teardown |title=First Look: LG G3 Teardown – uBreakiFix Blog |website=Ubreakifix.com |date=2014-05-30 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> ||
|-
| Amazon.com || [[Engineering:Fire Phone|Fire Phone]] || July 25, 2014 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Fire_Phone_13MP-Camera_32GB/dp/B00EOE0WKQ |title=Amazon Fire Phone - 13MP Camera, 32GB - Shop Now |website=Amazon.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || WCN3680 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Amazon+Fire+Phone+Teardown/27458#s67320 |title=Amazon Fire Phone Teardown |website=iFixit.com |date=25 July 2014 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> ||
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy S5|Galaxy S5 Prime/SM-G906S]] || June 18, 2014 || QCA6174 || 
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy Alpha|Galaxy Alpha]] || September 7, 2014 || E702A7<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techinsights.com/teardown.com/samsung-note-4-galaxy-alpha/ |title=Samsung Note 4 & Alpha Teardown |website=Techinsights.com |date=2014-09-10 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref>  || 
|-
| [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]] || [[Engineering:IPhone 6|iPhone 6]]/[[Engineering:IPhone 6 Plus|Plus]] || September 19, 2014 || BCM4345<ref name = iphone6teardown>{{cite web|url=http://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/4578/exclusive-video-teardown-apple-iphone-6 |title=Exclusive Video Teardown: Apple iPhone 6 &#124; Electronics360 |website=Electronics360.globalspec.com |date=2014-09-23 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || First 802.11ac-enabled [[Software:IOS|iOS]] devices
|-
| [[Company:Motorola Mobility|Motorola]] || [[Engineering:Nexus 6|Nexus 6]] || October 16, 2014 ||BCM4356<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ifixit.com/Teardown/Nexus+6+Teardown/32877 |title=Nexus 6 Teardown |website=iFixit.com |date=November 2014 |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> || 
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy Note 4|Galaxy Note 4]] || October 10, 2014 ||BCM4358<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/8613/the-samsung-galaxy-note-4-review/9 |title=WiFi Performance, GNSS, Misc. - The Samsung Galaxy Note 4 Review |website=Anandtech.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> ||
|-
| Samsung || [[Engineering:Samsung Galaxy Note 5|Galaxy Note 5]] || August 21, 2015 || BCM4359 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9558/the-samsung-galaxy-note5-and-galaxy-s6-edge-review/8 |title=Video Performance, WiFi Performance, and GNSS Performance - The Samsung Galaxy Note5 and Galaxy S6 edge+ Review |website=Anandtech.com |access-date=2016-08-08}}</ref> ||
|}

===Commercial tablets===
<!-- List ordered by date of introduction, not alphabetically -->
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Vendor !! Model !! Release Date !! Chipset !! Notes
|-
| [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] || Surface Pro 3 || June 20, 2014 || Avastar 88W8897|| 802.11ac-enabled touchscreen computing device
|-
| [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]] || [[Engineering:IPad Air 2|iPad Air 2]] || October 24, 2014 || Broadcom BCM4350 || First 802.11ac-enabled [[Software:IOS|iOS]] tablet device
|-
| [[Company:Google|Google]] || [[Engineering:Nexus 9|Nexus 9]] || November 3, 2014 || [[Company:Nvidia|Nvidia]] Tegra K1 || 2x2 MIMO
|}

===Chipsets===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible collapsible collapsed"
|-
! Vendor !! Part # !! Streams !! [[Low-density parity-check code|LDPC]] !! [[Beamforming|TxBF]] !! 256-QAM !! Applications
|-
| Broadcom || [https://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s817141 BCM43602] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || routers, laptops
|-
| Broadcom || [http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4360 BCM4360] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || routers, laptops
|-
| Broadcom || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194805/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM43569 BCM43569] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || DTV
|-
| Broadcom || [http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4352 BCM4352] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418092344/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4352 |date=2015-04-18 }} || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || tablets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150530204124/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4350 BCM4350] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || tablets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194804/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4356 BCM4356] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets, tablets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194802/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4354 BCM4354] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets, tablets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194756/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4339 BCM4339] || 1 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| Broadcom || [http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4335 BCM4335] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728023504/http://www.broadcom.com/products/Wireless-LAN/802.11-Wireless-LAN-Solutions/BCM4335 |date=2012-07-28 }} || 1 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s899152 BCM4359] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| Broadcom || [https://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s899152 BCM43455] || 1 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| [[Company:Marvell Technology Group|Marvell]] || [https://web.archive.org/web/20150615220852/http://www.marvell.com/wireless/avastar/88W8897/assets/Marvell-Avastar-88W8897-SoC-PB.pdf Avastar 88W8897] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || tablets
|-
| Marvell || [http://www.marvell.com/wireless/avastar/88W8864/ Avastar 88W8864] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || routers
|-
| Qualcomm || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723221109/http://www.atheros.com/corporate/content.php?nav1=119 WCN3680] || 1 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| Qualcomm ||  || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Na}} || {{Ya}} || tablets
|-
| Qualcomm || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723221109/http://www.atheros.com/corporate/content.php?nav1=119 QCA9880] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Na}} || {{Ya}} || home routers
|-
| Qualcomm ||  || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || enterprise routers
|-
| Qualcomm || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723221109/http://www.atheros.com/corporate/content.php?nav1=119 QCA9892] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || tablets, PtP Links
|-
| Qualcomm ||  || 4 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || enterprise access points
|-
| Qualcomm || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120723221109/http://www.atheros.com/corporate/content.php?nav1=119 QCA9992] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || enterprise access points
|-
| [[Company:MediaTek|MediaTek]] || [https://web.archive.org/web/20120609073312/http://www.mediatek.com/en/News/news_content.php?sn=1063 MT7610] || 1 || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || PC (PCIe or USB)
|-
| MediaTek || MT7650 || 1 || {{dunno}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| MediaTek || [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615054827/http://www.mediatek.com/_en/03_news/01-2_newsDetail.php?sn=1108 MT7612E] || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || laptops (PCIe 2.0)
|-
| MediaTek ||  || 2 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || laptops (USB 3.0)
|-
| Quantenna || [https://web.archive.org/web/20111203115107/http://www.quantenna.com/pdf/QAC2300-RDK.pdf QAC2300] || 4 || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || {{Ya}} || routers
|-
| Redpine Signals || [http://www.redpinesignals.com/pdfs/RS9117.pdf RS9117] || 1 || {{Ya}} || {{dunno}} || {{Ya}} || handsets
|-
| Redpine Signals || [http://www.redpinesignals.com/pdfs/RS9333.pdf RS9333] || 3 || {{Ya}} || {{dunno}} || {{Ya}} || routers
|-
| Realtek || [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312041546/https://wikidevi.com/wiki/List_of_802.11ac_Hardware RTL8811AU] || 1 || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} ||  adapter (USB 2.0)
|-
| Realtek || [https://web.archive.org/web/20160312041546/https://wikidevi.com/wiki/List_of_802.11ac_Hardware RTL8812AU] || 2 || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} ||  adapter (USB 3.0)
|-
| Intel || [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/wireless-products/dual-band-wireless-ac-3160-bluetooth-brief.html AC-3160 ] || 1 || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}}|| laptops
|-
| Intel || [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/wireless-products/dual-band-wireless-ac-7260-bluetooth-brief.html AC-7260 ] || 2 || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}} || {{dunno}}|| laptops
|}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== Comparison ==
{{802.11 network standards|state=mw-collapsed}}

==See also==
* [[IEEE 802.11ad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rohde-schwarz-usa.com/rs/rohdeschwarz/images/1MA192_7e_80211ac_technology.pdf 802.11ac Technology Introduction white paper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314162215/http://www.rohde-schwarz-usa.com/rs/rohdeschwarz/images/1MA192_7e_80211ac_technology.pdf |date=2016-03-14 }}
* [http://www.ztecinstruments.com/zconnect/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/MIMO_RFIC-Test_Architectures.pdf MIMO 802.11ac Test Architectures]
* [http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps11983/white_paper_c11-713103.html 802.11ac: The Fifth Generation of Wi-Fi Technical Paper]
* [https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/connectivity/wifi-ieee-802-11/802-11ac.php 802.11ac primer]
* [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/wireless.html Intel Wireless Products Selection Guide]

{{IEEE standards}}

[[Category:IEEE 802.11|ac-2013]]

{{Sourceattribution|IEEE 802.11ac-2013}}