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The '''CSS Working Group'''  (Cascading Style Sheets Working Group) is a [[Working group|working group]] created by the [[Organization:World Wide Web Consortium|World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) in 1997, to tackle issues that had not been addressed with CSS level 1. As of December 2019, the CSSWG had 142 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members#members|title=CSS WG members|website=w3.org|accessdate=3 December 2019}}</ref>
{{Infobox organization
| name                    = CSS Working Group
| full_name                = Cascading Style Sheets Working Group
| native_name              = <!-- organization's name in its local language -->
| native_name_lang        = <!-- required ISO 639-1 code of the above native language -->
| logo                    =
| logo_size                =
| logo_alt                =
| logo_caption            =
| image                    =
| image_size              =
| abbreviation            = CSS WG, CSSWG
| formation                = 1997
| founder                  = [[Organization:World Wide Web Consortium|World Wide Web Consortium]]
| founding_location        =
| dissolved                = <!-- or |defunct = --><!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| merger                  = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization -->
| type                    = [[Engineering:Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]] [[Working group|working group]]
| tax_id                  = <!-- or |vat_id = (for European organizations) -->
| registration_id          = <!-- for non-profits -->
| status                  = <!-- legal status or description (company, charity, foundation, etc.) -->
| purpose                  = Developing the [[CSS]] language
| products                = [[CSS]]
| services                =
| methods                  = <!-- or |method = -->
| fields                  = <!-- or |field = -->
| membership              = {{Plainlist|
* [[Software:Adobe Systems|Adobe Systems, Inc.]]
* Apple
* [[Company:Google|Google, Inc.]]
* [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|HP]]
* [[Company:Igalia|Igalia]]
* [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]]
* Mozilla
}}
| owner                    = [[Organization:World Wide Web Consortium|World Wide Web Consortium]]
| website                  = {{URL|https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/}}
}}
 
The '''CSS Working Group'''  (Cascading Style Sheets Working Group) is a [[Working group|working group]] created by the [[Organization:World Wide Web Consortium|World Wide Web Consortium]] (W3C) in 1997, to tackle issues that had not been addressed with [[CSS]] level 1. As of July 2025, the CSSWG had 176 members.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Working Group - Participants |url=https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/css/participants/ |accessdate=18 July 2025 |website=W3C}}</ref>


The working group is co-chaired by Rossen Atanassov and Alan Stearns.
The working group is co-chaired by Rossen Atanassov and Alan Stearns.


==History==
==History==
In early 1996 Håkon Wium Lie cooperated with Bert Bos, who was already developing a new browser language called SPP, to produce the first version of the CSS standard (CSS1). They presented their achievements twice, in 1994 and in 1996 at the "Mosaic and the Web" conferences in Chicago. The W3C was being established at that time and Lie's and Bos's work caught their attention.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
* CSS level 1 emerged as a W3C Recommendation in December 1996.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos2e/history/|title=Cascading Style Sheets, designing for the Web – Chapter 20 : The CSS saga|website=w3.org|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
* CSS level 1 finally emerged as a W3C Recommendation in December 1996.<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos2e/history/|title=Cascading Style Sheets, designing for the Web – Chapter 20 : The CSS saga|website=w3.org|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
* The same group working on CSS was also developing HTML and DOM. This group, the HTML Editorial Review Board, in 1997 was divided according to the three different programs.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
* Chris Lilley managed the CSS Working Group, established in the W3C in February 1997, to deal with issues uncovered by the early implementation and adoption of CSS 1.<ref name="history"/>
* Chris Lilley managed the CSS Working Group, established in the W3C in February 1997, to deal with issues uncovered by the early implementation and adoption of CSS 1.<ref name="history"/>
* The CSS 1 test suite was created by Eric A. Meyer, Håkon Wium Lie and Tim Boland along with other contributors, finishing in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS1/current/tsack.html|title=CSS1 Test Suite: Acknowledgments|website=w3.org|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
* The CSS 1 test suite was created by Eric A. Meyer, Håkon Wium Lie and Tim Boland along with other contributors, finishing in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS1/current/tsack.html|title=CSS1 Test Suite: Acknowledgments|website=w3.org|accessdate=3 December 2017}}</ref>
* In late 1998 the first version of CSS 2 was released. In 1999 a revision (CSS 2.1) was released.<ref name="history"/>
* In late 1998 the first version of CSS 2 was released. In 1999 a revision (CSS 2.1) was released.<ref name="history"/>
* By 1999 there are 15 members working in "Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties Working Group."<ref name="history"/>
* By 1999 there are 15 members working in "Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties Working Group."<ref name="history"/>
* In 1999 work on CSS 3 started, but until 2006 it faced serious limitations.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}
* In 2005 the CSS Working Group decided that already published standards (CSS 2.1, CSS3 text etc.) should be re-examined and updated.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}


==Benefits for members==
==Benefits for members==
Line 20: Line 55:
Members of the CSS Working Group include representatives from the following organizations:
Members of the CSS Working Group include representatives from the following organizations:


* Adobe Systems Inc.
* [[Software:Adobe Systems|Adobe Systems]] Inc.
* Apple
* Apple
* [[Company:Google|Google]], Inc.
* [[Company:Google|Google]], Inc.
* [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|HP]]
* [[Company:Igalia|Igalia]]
* [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]]
* [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]]
* Mozilla
* Mozilla
* Opera Software


W3C has also invited a few experts to collaborate with the working group:
W3C has also invited a few experts to collaborate with the working group:
* Rachel Andrew
* Brian Birtles
* Elika Etemad
* Amy Carney
* Koji Ishii
* Dael Jackson
* Dael Jackson
* Molly Holzschlag
* Brad Kemper
* Brad Kemper
* Jirka Kosek
* Jirka Kosek
* Anton Prowse
* Vladimir Levantovsky
* Peter Linss
* Jonathan Neal
* François Remy
* Florian Rivoal
* Florian Rivoal
* Miriam Suzanne
* Lea Verou
* Lea Verou
* Sebastian Zartner


There are a few W3C staff members also participating in the group:
There are a few W3C staff members also participating in the group:
* Bert Bos
* Richard Ishida
* Richard Ishida
* Philippe Le Hégaret
* Chris Lilley
* Chris Lilley
* Liam Quin
* Michael[tm] Smith
* Doug Schepers
* Fuqiao Xue


==Editors==
==Editors==
Active editors of CSS Specifications include the following:
Active editors of CSS specifications include the following:
* Jake Archibald
* Rossen Atanassov
* Rossen Atanassov
* Tab Atkins Jr.
* Tab Atkins-Bittner
* David Baron (computer scientist)
* [[Biography:David Baron (computer scientist)|David Baron (computer scientist)]]
* Bert Bos
* Tantek Çelik
* Tantek Çelik
* John Daggett
* Keith Cirkel
* Elika Etemad
* Elika Etemad
* Simon Fraser
* Simon Fraser
* Aryeh Gregor
* Koji Ishii
* Chris Lilley
* Theresa O'Connor
* Florian Rivoal
* Noam Rosenthal
* Khushal Sagar
* Alan Stearns
* Miriam Suzanne
* Lea Verou
* Sebastian Zartner


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 08:23, 24 May 2026

CSS Working Group
Cascading Style Sheets Working Group
AbbreviationCSS WG, CSSWG
Formation1997
FounderWorld Wide Web Consortium
TypeNonprofit working group
PurposeDeveloping the CSS language
ProductsCSS
Membership
OwnerWorld Wide Web Consortium
Websitewww.w3.org/Style/CSS/

The CSS Working Group (Cascading Style Sheets Working Group) is a working group created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1997, to tackle issues that had not been addressed with CSS level 1. As of July 2025, the CSSWG had 176 members.[1]

The working group is co-chaired by Rossen Atanassov and Alan Stearns.

History

  • CSS level 1 emerged as a W3C Recommendation in December 1996.[2]
  • Chris Lilley managed the CSS Working Group, established in the W3C in February 1997, to deal with issues uncovered by the early implementation and adoption of CSS 1.[2]
  • The CSS 1 test suite was created by Eric A. Meyer, Håkon Wium Lie and Tim Boland along with other contributors, finishing in 2018.[3]
  • In late 1998 the first version of CSS 2 was released. In 1999 a revision (CSS 2.1) was released.[2]
  • By 1999 there are 15 members working in "Cascading Style Sheets and Formatting Properties Working Group."[2]

Benefits for members

CSS working group members belong to the broader organization W3C. This membership offers to them four important benefits; interaction, strategy, participation and leadership. The first characteristic provided, can be explained more as an opportunity to meet and work with “leading companies, organizations, and individuals” specialized in web technologies. “W3C Activity proposals” are strategically examined and operated by the members, giving them the ability to work methodically. Participating in the CSS working group allows members to change/shape technologies influencing businesses as well as consumers. Finally, CSS members are adopting a significant role into the W3C project of developing the Web standards, which requires leadership skills and dedication.[4]

Members

Members of the CSS Working Group include representatives from the following organizations:

W3C has also invited a few experts to collaborate with the working group:

  • Brian Birtles
  • Amy Carney
  • Dael Jackson
  • Brad Kemper
  • Jirka Kosek
  • Vladimir Levantovsky
  • Peter Linss
  • Jonathan Neal
  • François Remy
  • Florian Rivoal
  • Miriam Suzanne
  • Lea Verou
  • Sebastian Zartner

There are a few W3C staff members also participating in the group:

  • Richard Ishida
  • Chris Lilley
  • Michael[tm] Smith
  • Fuqiao Xue

Editors

Active editors of CSS specifications include the following:

  • Jake Archibald
  • Rossen Atanassov
  • Tab Atkins-Bittner
  • David Baron (computer scientist)
  • Tantek Çelik
  • Keith Cirkel
  • Elika Etemad
  • Simon Fraser
  • Koji Ishii
  • Chris Lilley
  • Theresa O'Connor
  • Florian Rivoal
  • Noam Rosenthal
  • Khushal Sagar
  • Alan Stearns
  • Miriam Suzanne
  • Lea Verou
  • Sebastian Zartner

References

  1. ↑ "Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Working Group - Participants". https://www.w3.org/groups/wg/css/participants/. Retrieved 18 July 2025. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Cascading Style Sheets, designing for the Web – Chapter 20 : The CSS saga". http://www.w3.org/Style/LieBos2e/history/. Retrieved 3 December 2017. 
  3. ↑ "CSS1 Test Suite: Acknowledgments". http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS1/current/tsack.html. Retrieved 3 December 2017. 
  4. ↑ "Membership Benefits - W3C". http://www.w3.org/Consortium/membership-benefits.html. Retrieved 3 December 2017. 



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