Social:Boran languages

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Short description: Bora–Witoto language of Brazil
Boran
Geographic
distribution		northwestern Amazon
Linguistic classificationindependent family or Bora–Witoto
  • Boran
Glottologbora1262[1]

Boran (also known as Bora–Muinane, Bora–Muiname, Bóran, Miranyan, Miranya, Bórano) is a small language family, consisting of just two languages.

Languages

The two Boran languages are:

  • Boran
    • Bora (a.k.a. Bora–Miranya, Boro, Meamuyna) of western Brazil (Amazonas State)
    • Muinane (a.k.a. Bora Muinane, Muinane Bora, Muinani, Muename) of southwestern Colombia (Amazonas Department)

Loukotka (1968) also lists Nonuya, spoken at the sources of the Cahuinari River, as a Boran language. Only a few words were documented.[2]

Synonymy note:

  • The name Muiname has been used to refer to the Muinane language (Bora Muinane) of the Boran family and also to the Nipode language (Witoto Muinane) of the Witotoan family.

Genetic relations

Aschmann (1993) proposed that the Boran and Witotoan language families were related, in a Bora–Witoto stock. Echeverri & Seifart (2016) refute the connection.

Language contact

Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Choko, Guahibo, Tukano, Witoto-Okaina, Yaruro, Arawak, and Tupi language families due to contact in the Caquetá River basin region.[3]

An automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)[4] found lexical similarities with Arawakan (especially the Resigaro language in particular) due to contact.

Vocabulary

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[2]

gloss Bora Imihitä Muinane
one dzonére tenétogüné sánótro
two miniékeʔe mibákö minóke
head mée-níguoe mé-eníkoae nígai
eye ma-ádzik ma-átxe adíge
tooth mée-goaxé me-kuáxe ígaino
man guáxpi koaxpí gáife
water néspakio nögʔbögʔkó negfuáyu
fire köxögua kixúgua köxögai
sun nöʔögbwa nöxbá neʔegbua
maize öxeʔe öxehu bédya
jaguar oíbe ouíbe höku

Proto-language

Proto-Bora–Muinane
Reconstruction ofBoran languages

Proto-Bora–Muinane reconstructions by Seifart and Echeverri (2015):[5]

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Boran". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bora1262. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center. https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk. 
  3. ↑ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  4. ↑ Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013. ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013).
  5. ↑ Seifart, Frank, & Echeverri, Juan Alvaro (2015). Proto Bora-Muinane. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 279 - 311. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642303
  6. ↑ Banisterium. Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications.

Bibliography

  • Aschmann, Richard P. (1993). Proto Witotoan. Publications in linguistics (No. 114). Arlington, TX: SIL & the University of Texas at Arlington.
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Echeverri, Juan Alvaro & Frank Seifart. (2016). Proto-Witotoan: A re-evaluation of the distant genealogical relationship between the Boran and Witotoan linguistic families.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.), Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Thiesen, W.; Thiesen, E. (1998). Diccionario: Bora - Castellano, Castellano - Bora. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 46). Pucallpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  • Walton, J. W.; Walton, J. P.; Pakky de Buenaventura, C. (1997). Diccionario bilingüe muinane-español, español-muinane. Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo.



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