Astronomy:Saturn's Gallic group of satellites

Short description: Category of satellites of Saturn

Animation of Saturn's Gallic group of satellites Saturn Albiorix · Bebhionn · Erriapus · Tarvos

The Gallic group is a dynamical grouping of the prograde irregular satellites of Saturn following similar orbits. Their semi-major axes range between 16 and 19 Gm, their inclinations between 35° and 40°, and their eccentricities around 0.53.

Irregular satellites of Saturn. The diagram illustrates the Gallic group in relation to other irregular satellites of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments (extending from the pericentre to the apocentre) with the inclination represented on Y axis.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) reserves names taken from Gallic mythology for these moons.

Similar mean orbital elements led the discoverers to postulate a common origin for the group in a breakup of a larger body.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag Such an impact would require a body with the diameter in excess of 1 km and relative velocity close to 5 km/s, resulting in a large crater with the radius of 12 km. Numerous, very large craters observed on Phoebe, prove the existence of such collisions in the Saturnian system's past.

The discovery of 20 new moons of Saturn was announced in October 2019 by a team led by Scott S. Sheppard using the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea. One of them, S/2004 S 24, is also prograde, but it orbits much further away from Saturn than the four known Gallic moons. This moon will nevertheless also receive a name from Gallic mythology.^[1]

The four members of the group discovered before 2019 are (in order of increasing distance from Saturn):

References

↑ Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them, NASA, phys.org, October 7, 2019

Ephemeris from MPC
Mean orbital parameters from JPL

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[1] Saturn surpasses Jupiter after the discovery of 20 new moons—and you can help name them, NASA, phys.org, October 7, 2019

[1]

v t e Moons of Saturn
Listed in approximately increasing distance from Saturn.
Ring shepherds	S/2009 S 1 Ring moonlets Pan Daphnis Atlas Prometheus Pandora
Co-orbitals	Epimetheus Janus
G Ring	Aegaeon
Alkyonides	Methone Anthe Pallene
Inner large (with trojans)	Mimas Enceladus Tethys Telesto Calypso Dione Helene Polydeuces
Outer large	Rhea Titan Hyperion Iapetus
Inuit group	Kiviuq Ijiraq Paaliaq S/2004 S 29 S/2004 S 31 Siarnaq Tarqeq
Norse group	Phoebe Skathi S/2004 S 37 S/2007 S 2 Skoll S/2004 S 13(?) Greip Hyrrokkin Jarnsaxa Mundilfari S/2006 S 1 S/2004 S 17(?) Bergelmir Narvi S/2004 S 20 Suttungr Hati S/2004 S 12(?) S/2004 S 27 Farbauti Thrymr S/2004 S 30 Aegir S/2007 S 3(?) Bestla S/2004 S 7(?) S/2004 S 22(?) S/2004 S 23(?) S/2004 S 25(?) S/2004 S 32(?) S/2006 S 3 S/2004 S 38(?) Fenrir S/2004 S 28(?) Surtur Kari S/2004 S 35(?) Ymir S/2004 S 21(?) Loge S/2004 S 36(?) S/2004 S 39(?) S/2004 S 33(?) S/2004 S 34(?) Fornjot S/2004 S 26(?)
Gallic group	Albiorix Bebhionn Erriapus Tarvos
Prograde outer satellites	S/2004 S 24
Rings of Saturn Cassini–Huygens Themis Chiron S/2004 S 6 S/2004 S 4 S/2004 S 3 In fiction

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