Astronomy:Paaliaq

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Paaliaq
Time lapse of Paaliaq moving along its orbit that lead to its discovery
Discovery[1]
Discovered byJ. J. Kavelaars et al.
Discovery dateOctober 2000
Designations
Designation
Saturn XX
Pronunciation/ˈpɑːli.ɑːk/
S/2000 S 2
AdjectivesPaaliapian, Paaliaqian[lower-alpha 1]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 2000 January 1.5
14 997 700 km
Eccentricity0.378
Orbital period685.7 d
(1.88 yr)
Inclination48.5° (to ecliptic)
Satellite ofSaturn
GroupInuit group (Paaliaq)
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter29 km[3]
25 km[4]
22 km[5]
Mass2.94×1016 kg (calculated)
Mean density2.3 g/cm3 (assumed)[3]
Rotation period18.79±0.09 h[4]
Albedo<0.15[6]
<0.10 (likely)[6]
0.06 (assumed)[4][3][5]
Spectral type
red/D[7]
B−V=0.86, R−V=0.40[7]
Apparent magnitude21.3 (R band)[4]
Absolute magnitude (H)11.38±0.26 (V band)[3]
11.7[4]


Paaliaq is a prograde irregular satellite of Saturn. It was discovered by J. J. Kavelaars, Brett J. Gladman, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden, Philip D. Nicholson and Joseph A. Burns in early October 2000,[8][9][10] and given the temporary designation S/2000 S 2. It was named in August 2003 after a fictional shaman in the book The Curse of the Shaman, written by Michael Kusugak, who supplied Kavelaars with the names of giants from Inuit mythology that were used for other Saturnian moons.[11]

Physical characteristics

Paaliaq is thought to be about 29 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 15.0 million km in 687 days. It is a member of the Inuit group of irregular satellites.

It is light red in color, and in the infrared the Paaliapian (Paaliaqan)[lower-alpha 1] spectrum is very similar to the Inuit-group satellites Kiviuq and Siarnaq, supporting the thesis of a possible common origin of the Inuit group in the break-up of a larger body.[7][8] Its light curve has an unusual pattern of four minima, suggesting that it has a very peculiar shape.[4]

Paaliaq imaged by the CFHT on 23 September 2000

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The genitive form of Paaliaq is Paaliap. Thus the adjectival form could be absolutive Paaliaqian or genitive Paaliapian, parallel to nominative Venusian and genitive Venerian for Venus. See Inuktitut morphology

References

  1. ↑ Discovery Circumstances (JPL)
  2. ↑ "Planetary Satellite Mean Elements". https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sats/elem/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Emelyanov, N. V.; Varfolomeev, M. I.; Lainey, V. (24 March 2022). "New ephemerides of outer planetary satellites". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 512 (2): 2044–2050. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac586. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.512.2044E. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Denk, Tilmann; Mottola, Stefano; Tosi, Frederico; Bottke, William F.; Hamilton, Douglas P. (2018). "The Irregular Satellites of Saturn" (in en-US). Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn. Space Science Series. 322. Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press. pp. 409–434. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816537075-ch020. ISBN 978-0-8165-3707-5. OCLC 1055049948. Bibcode: 2018eims.book..409D. https://tilmanndenk.de/wp-content/uploads/DenkEtAl2018_IrregularMoons.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Paaliaq - NASA Science". 29 November 2017. https://science.nasa.gov/saturn/moons/paaliaq/#:~:text=Paaliaq%20has%20a%20mean%20radius%20of%206.8%20miles%20(11%20kilometers). 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Mueller, Michael; Grav, T.; Trilling, D.; Stansberry, J.; Sykes, M. (October 10–15, 2008). "Size and Albedo of Irregular Saturnian Satellites from Spitzer Observations". 40st DPS meeting of the American Astronomical Society. 40. Ithaca, NY, United States (published 2008-09-01). 511. Bibcode: 2008DPS....40.6108M. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Grav, T.; Bauer, J. (2007-03-08). "A deeper look at the colors of the Saturnian irregular satellites". Icarus 191 (1): 267–285. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.020. Bibcode: 2007Icar..191..267G. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gladman, Brett; Kavelaars, J. J.; Holman, Matthew; Nicholson, Philip D.; Burns, Joseph A.; Hergenrother, Carl W.; Petit, Jean-Marc; Marsden, Brian G. et al. (2001-07-12). "Discovery of 12 satellites of Saturn exhibiting orbital clustering" (in en). Nature 412 (6843): 163–166. doi:10.1038/35084032. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 11449267. Bibcode: 2001Natur.412..163G. 
  9. ↑ "IAUC 7512: S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2". 25 October 2000. http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/07500/07512.html.  (discovery)
  10. ↑ "MPEC 2000-Y15 : S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2, S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9". 19 December 2000. https://minorplanetcenter.net//mpec/K00/K00Y15.html.  (discovery and ephemeris)
  11. ↑ Petten, Cheryl. "Naming Saturn's moons" (in en). Aboriginal Multi-Media Society. https://ammsa.com/publications/windspeaker/naming-saturns-moons. "The fourth name, Paaliaq, is a character Kusugak created in his latest book, Marble Island-The Curse of the Shaman, which Kusugak is currently trying to get published. The characters Kiviuq and Siarnaq are also found in the book." 



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