Religion:Islamic nationalism

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Islamic nationalism, Islamonationalism or brown-green nationalism, is a form of Muslim nationalism from the right-wing to the far-right. Islamo-nationalists are known for their anti-Zionism.

Concept

Muslim nationalism is an ideological concept which consists of advocating an Islamic state or a nation based on Islam and the defense of Islam for cultural, identity and civilizational purposes.

By country

Algeria

In Algeria the father of Muslim nationalism is Ibn Badis and the Islamic Salvation Front advocated Islamic nationalism and the same for the Islamic Armed Group (Djazairist branch).

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Chechnya

The Chechen independence movements during the First Chechen War were Islamo-nationalists. Among these Islamo-nationalists, we find Dzhokhar Dudayev, Aslan Maskhadov, Ruslan Gelayev, Salman Raduyev, Shamil Basayev and even Akhmad Kadyrov (who will join the Russians during the Second Chechen war).

Croatia

Germany

Some former SS have converted to Islam, such as Johann von Leers, who will be adviser to President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Iran

The Iranian Revolution marks the beginning of Shia and Persian religious nationalism. Khomeini's anti-American, anti-communist and anti-Zionist ideology attracts the sympathy of several European far-right movements (notably revolutionary nationalists) but worries the international community. The revolution being a consequence of the overthrow of Mossadegh.[1]

The Iranian regime receives members of the radical European far right.[2][3]

There is a radical Islamo-nationalist far-right movement in Iran, the Front of Islamic Revolution Stability, a fundamentalist far-right party made up of former supporters of Ahmadinejad.[4]

Iraq

In Iraq, in 1931, the Party of National Brotherhood was founded, a right-wing pan-Arab nationalist party,[5][6] this party was also deeply anti-monarchist because the King of Iraq is considered by the nationalists to be servile to the British. The party took full power in 1941 after the coup d'état of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani but was dissolved after the Anglo-Iraqi War where the Iraqi insurgents (supported and armed by the Vichy regime) and the Axis forces German and Italian were defeated by the British. The "hymn of the bayonets", music of the Iraqi insurgents during the Anglo-Iraqi War, mentions jihad.

In Baghdad, after al-Gaylani, the Arab population organized farhuds, pogroms against the Jews.

Italy

In Italy, some members of the far-right converted to Islam through contact with Arab nationalists, such as Claudio Mutti [it], an Eurasianist writer[7] who, after his conversion, remained neofascist. He qualified Muammar Gaddafi as "Templar of Allah".[7]

Palestine

The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini was an Islamic-nationalist figure from Palestine. He collaborated with the Nazis during World War II and helped found the SS Handschar Division, a Muslim unit of the Waffen-SS.[8] He admired the Germans and considered that they had found the solution to the Jewish problem.[9]

The Palestinian Islamic Jihad advocates both nationalism and Islamism.[10]

Syria

The Syrians Sunni Islamo-nationalists groups oppose the secular Arab nationalist regime of the Baath of Hafez al-Assad and then that of Bashar al-Assad. Syrian Islamic-nationalists took part in the Syrian civil war alongside the Free Syrian Army and the Turkish Grey Wolves and the Turkish Army.[11] In contrast, the Shiite Islamo-nationalists are allied with the Baathist regime of the Al-Assad family.

Turkey

MHP and Gray Wolves rallying sign

The Nationalist Movement Party, a far-right party[12] and the Grey Wolves are Turkish Islamo-nationalist movements, opposed to secularism, ultranationalists[12][13] and pan-Turkish. The Great Unity Party, born out from a split with the Nationalist Movement Party, is also an Islamo-nationalist party.

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party, which are much more moderate than the Nationalist Movement Party, are also Islamo-nationalists.[14][15]

United States

In the United States, some members of the far-right armed group Atomwaffen Division are converted to Islam, and mix Islamism and white nationalism.[16]

References

  1. ↑ Firouzeh Nahavandi (1988). L'Harmattan. ed (in fr). Aux sources de la révolution iranienne. p. 50-54. 
  2. ↑ "L'Iran, Dieudonné et l'extrême droite française" (in fr). 3 November 2014. https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/marc-knobel/iran-dieudonne-et-extreme-droite-france_b_6093578.html. 
  3. ↑ "L’ambassadeur d’Iran à la rencontre de l’extrême droite radicale" (in fr). 14 April 2010. http://droites-extremes.blog.lemonde.fr/2010/04/14/lambassadeur-diran-a-la-rencontre-de-lextreme-droite-radicale/. 
  4. ↑ "Even hardliners want reform". The Economist. 27 February 2016. https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21693637-backlash-taking-place-against-conservatism-even-hardliners-want-reform. Retrieved 15 March 2016. /
  5. ↑ Davis, Eric (2005). University of California Press. ed. Memories of State : Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq. p. 14. 
  6. ↑ Makiya, Kanan (1989). "The Politics of Modern Iraq". in University of California Press. Republic of Fear. p. 176. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 (in English) Giovanni Savino, From Evola to Dugin: The Neo-Eurasianist Connection in Italy, pp. 97-124, in particular the chapter « Claudio Mutti, The Prophet », in Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship, under direction of Marlene Laruelle, Lexington Books, 2015, 292 p., p. 13 : "the figure of fascist thinker Claudio Mutti".
  8. ↑ Léon Poliakov (1983). "essai sur la désinformation". in Calmann-Lévy (in fr). De Moscou à Beyrouth. Paris. p. 54. ISBN 2-7021-1240-4. 
  9. ↑ "Amin al-Husaini and the Holocaust. What Did the Grand Mufti Know?". World politic review. 8 May 2008. http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/2082/amin-al-husaini-and-the-holocaust-what-did-the-grand-mufti-know. 
  10. ↑ https://www.religion.info/2007/10/20/jihad-islamique-entre-islamisme-et-nationalisme-entretien-avec-anouar-abu-taha/
  11. ↑ Marie Jégo, Benjamin Barthe et Laure Stephan (25 May 2019). "Au nord-ouest de la Syrie, un bras de fer entre Russie et Turquie" (in fr). Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2019/05/25/au-nord-ouest-de-la-syrie-un-bras-de-fer-russo-turc_5467110_3210.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Turkey". http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/turkey.html. Retrieved 20 August 2015. 
  13. ↑ Russell F. Farnen (2004). "Cross National and Comparative Perspectives". in Transaction Publishers. Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-4128-2936-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=RfwDdMc6NrMC&printsec=frontcover. 
  14. ↑ "Turkish Islamism and Nationalism Before and after the Failed Coup Attempt". Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. 1 December 2016. https://www.turkeyanalyst.org/publications/turkey-analyst-articles/item/569-turkish-islamism-and-nationalism-before-and-after-the-failed-coup-attempt.html. "But the form of Islamism as it has been advocated by the AKP in Turkey during the last decade in fact represents a powerful synthesis of two highly influential discourses observable in the Islamic Middle East and the Ottoman Empire since the beginning of the nineteenth century, namely Islamic-conservatism and nationalism." 
  15. ↑ "AKP pushes its own brand of Turkish neonationalism". Al-Monitor. 23 June 2014. https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/turkey-akp-neo-nationalism-conspiracy-kemalism.html. "Turkish neonationalism, traditionally a product of authoritarian state power, is being pushed by proponents of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and nurtured by Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan." 
  16. ↑ https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/former-neo-nazi-allegedly-kills-roommates

See also




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