Biology:Chestnut-breasted wren
| Chestnut-breasted wren | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Troglodytidae |
| Genus: | Cyphorhinus |
| Species: | C. thoracicus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cyphorhinus thoracicus Tschudi, 1844[1]
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Leucolepis thoracicus[2] | |
The chestnut-breasted wren (Cyphorhinus thoracicus) is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.[3]
Taxonomy and systematics
The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (SACC/AOS) treat the chestnut-breasted wren as one species with two subspecies, the nominate Cyphorhinus thoracicus thoracicus and C. t. dichrous.[3][4][2] BirdLife International (BLI) treats them as separate species, the southern and northern chestnut-breasted wrens respectively.[5]
Description
The nominate ("southern") subspecies of chestnut-breasted wren is 11.5 to 15 cm (4.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 26.5 to 41 g (0.93 to 1.45 oz). The "northern" C. t. dichrous is 13.5 to 15 cm (5.3 to 5.9 in) long; males weigh 17.6 to 35 g (0.62 to 1.23 oz) and females 26.2 to 29.6 g (0.92 to 1.04 oz). They appear very similar. The nominate adult has a sooty black crown, a rich dark brown back and rump, and a dark brown tail. C. t. dichrous's crown is black, its back and rump very dark brown, and its tail dark brown. Both have deep orange-brown faces, throat, and upper belly and dark brown flanks and lower belly. Both juveniles differ from the adults only in having a paler lower belly.[6]
Distribution and habitat
The "northern" C. t. dichrous is found in the Western and Central Andes of Colombia and south through Ecuador into northern Peru. The "southern" C. t. thoracicus is found in central Peru and western Bolivia.[3][6]
The chesnut-breasted wren inhabits wet montane forest including cloud forest with abundant epiphytes and moss. In elevation the "northern" subspecies usually ranges between 1,100 and 2,600 m (3,600 and 8,500 ft) but is found as low as 700 m (2,300 ft) on the Pacific side of the Western Andes. The "southern" subspecies is mostly found between 1,200 and 2,700 m (3,900 and 8,900 ft) but down to 800 m (2,600 ft) in Peru's Manú Province.[6]
Behavior
Feeding
The chestnut-breasted wren typically remains within 1 m (3.3 ft) of the ground, foraging in leaf litter for invertebrates such as beetles and spiders. It hunts alone, in pairs, or in what are assumed to be small family groups. It only rarely joins mixed-species foraging flocks.[6]
Breeding
Little is known about the chesnut-breasted wren's breeding phenology. Its nesting season appears to differ regionally; overall it is protracted. One nest in Peru has been photographed; it was a domed structure of mostly live material set very close to the ground. It contained two eggs.[6]
Vocalization
The songs of the two chesnut-breasted wren subspecies differ significantly. That of the "southern" C. t. thoracicus is "a variable, musical and usually unhurried series...[of] fluted whistles that differ from each other in pitch, which are then followed by a faster-paced series of 5–11 short whistles...or by a much faster trilled tremolo." Its call is "a low, somewhat frog-like and wooden 'krol'". The song of C. t. dichrous is "a series of usually 3–4 ethereal, clear whistled notes" and its call "a harsh 'churr'".[6]
Status
The IUCN treats the two subspecies separately and has assessed both as being of Least Concern.[7][8] The species is quite common in parts of Colombia, scarce in Ecuador, uncommon to locally common in Peru, and rare to uncommon in Bolivia. It does occur in several protected areas.[6]
References
- ↑ de Tschudi, J. J. (1844). "Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeque observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere". Archiv für Naturgeschichte 10: 282. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7089057.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 23 May 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 24, 2021
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". https://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- ↑ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 15, 2019
- ↑ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Kroodsma, D. E., J. del Hoyo, D. Brewer, N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Chestnut-breasted Wren (Cyphorhinus thoracicus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.chbwre1.01 retrieved July 19, 2021
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIUCN1 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIUCN2
Further reading
- von Tschudi, J. J. (1845–1846). "C. thoracicus. Tsch.". Ornithologie. Untersuchungen überdie Fauna peruana. St. Gallen: Scheitlin und Zollikoffer. p. 184; Vögel. Pl. 16, Fig. 1.. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40008230.
Wikidata ☰ Q3314707 entry
 |  |
