Earth:San Jose Formation
| San Jose Formation Stratigraphic range: Wasatchian ~55.8–50 Ma | |
|---|---|
 San Jose Formation capping Mesa de Cuba, northern New Mexico | |
| Type | Formation |
| Sub-units | Cuba Mesa, Ditch Canyon, Llaves, Regina & Tapicitos Members |
| Overlies | Nacimiento Formation |
| Thickness | 430 m (1,410 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Shale |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | [ ⚑ ] 36°17′N 107°04′W / 36.29°N 107.06°W |
| Paleocoordinates | [ ⚑ ] 41°12′N 91°42′W / 41.2°N 91.7°W |
| Region | New Mexico |
| Country |  United States |
| Extent | San Juan Basin |
| Type section | |
| Named for | San Jose Valley ( [ ⚑ ] 36°10′48″N 106°55′37″W / 36.180°N 106.927°W) |
| Named by | G.G. Simpson |
| Year defined | 1948 |
  San Jose Formation (the United States)  San Jose Formation (New Mexico) | |
The San Jose Formation is an Early Eocene (Wasatchian in the NALMA classification) geologic formation in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and Colorado.[1]
Description
The San Jose Formation is mostly sandstone but with some mudstone beds.[2][3] The formation was deposited by high-energy streams on a muddy floodplain that was the last preserved sedimentation episode in the San Juan Basin. Stream direction was from the northwest, north, and east towards the south.[4]
The basal Cuba Mesa Member is found throughout the depositional basin and is a coarse-grained sheet sandstone. The Regina Member is floodplain mudstone and disconnected sheet sandstone that intertongues with the sandstone-dominated Ditch Canyon Member in the northwestern part of the basin and the Llaves Member on the east side of the basin. The uppermost member is the siltstone-dominated Tapicitos Member. The Cuba Mesa Member was deposited during subsidence in the basin center, while the later members were deposited during episodes of monoclinal folding along the Nacimiento Fault on the west escarpment of the Nacimiento Mountains.[4]
Paleontology
The mudstone beds of the San Jose Formation are locally rich in fossils.[2] These include the Almagre and Largo faunas of the early Eocene.[5]
Fossil content
Among others, the following fossils have been reported from the formation:[1]
Mammals
- Primates
- Copelemur tutus[6][7]
- Cantius angulatus[8]
- C. frugivorus[8][9]
- Microsyops angustidens[7]
- M. latidens[7]
- Omomyidae indet.[9]
- Artiodactyls
- Bunophorus grangeri[8]
- Diacodexis cf. metsiacus[10]
- Simpsonodus chacensis[10]
- Carnivora
- Cimolesta
- Esthonyx bisulcatus[8]
- Ferae
- Ambloctonus sinosus[8]
- Oxyaena lupina[11]
- O. simpsoni[7]
- Glires
- Hyaenodonta
- Insectivora
- Pantodonta
- Perissodactyla
- Eohippus angustidens[15]
- Systemodon tapirinus[8]
- Xenicohippus osborni[15]
- Placentalia
- Copecion brachypternus[8]
- Hyopsodus lysitensis[16]
- Hyopsodus cf. mentalis[16]
- Hyopsodus minor[16]
- Meniscotherium chamense[17][18]
- M. tapiacitum[7]
- Hyopsodus sp.[8]
- Taeniodonta
- Theriiformes
Reptiles
- Snakes
- Cheilophis huerfanoensis[20]
- Saniwa ensidens[20]
- Sanjuanophis froehlichi[20]
- cf. Calamagras primus[20]
- cf. Saniwa sp.[20]
- Turtles
- Baena arenosa[21]
- Baptemys garmanii[21]
- Echmatemys lativertebralis[21]
- Hadrianus majusculus[22][21]
- Planetochelys dithyros[21]
- Trionyx leptomitus[23]
- Baltemys sp.[24]
- Chelydridae indet.[24]
- Trionychidae indet.[21]
- Lizards
- Paraglyptosaurus cf. yatkolai[20]
- Lacertilia indet.[20]
History of investigation
In late 1874, Edward Drinker Cope was a member of the Wheeler Survey but ignored orders from Wheeler to proceed north from the Chama River to Colorado. Instead, he headed south to explore the area north of the San Pedro Mountains, where fossils had been reported. He found early Eocene fossils in the badlands north of Regina, New Mexico and spent about seven weeks collecting fishes, reptiles, and what was then the oldest known mammal fossils in North America. He also collected the fossil of a giant flightless bird. Cope later wrote his father that this was "the most important find in geology I have ever made".[25][26]
In 1948, G.G. Simpson visited the same area and assigned the fossil beds to the San Jose Formation.[2] In 1967, the formation was divided (in ascending order) into the Cuba Mesa Member, Regina Member, Llaves Member, and Tapicitos Member.[5]
See also
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Colorado
- List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New Mexico
- Paleontology in Colorado
- Paleontology in New Mexico
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 San Jose Formation at Fossilworks.org
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Simpson 1948a.
- ↑ Simpson 1948b.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Smith 1992.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Baltz 1967.
- ↑ Gingerich & Simons 1977.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Lucas, Schoch & Manning 1981.
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 Alroy 2002.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Beard 1987.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Krishtalka & Stucky 1986.
- ↑ Denison 1938.
- ↑ Korth 1984.
- ↑ Flanagan 1986.
- ↑ Bown & Schankler 1982.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Froehlich 2002.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Redline 1997.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Simpson 1951.
- ↑ Williamson & Lucas 1992.
- ↑ Schoch 1986.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 Sullivan & Lucas 1988.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 Lichtig & Lucas 2015.
- ↑ Hay 1904.
- ↑ Cope 1875.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lichtig, Hutchison & Lucas 2018.
- ↑ Osborn 1978.
- ↑ Kues, Lewis & Lueth 2014.
Bibliography
- Lichtig, A.; Hutchison, J. H.; Lucas, S. G. (2018). "Additional records of turtles from the Eocene San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 79: 319–322.
- Lichtig, A. J.; Lucas, S. G. (2015). "Turtles of the lower Eocene San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 67: 161–177.
- Kues, Barry S.; Lewis, Claudia J.; Lueth, Virgil W. (2014). A brief history of geological studies in New Mexico : with biographical profiles of notable New Mexico geologists (First ed.). New Mexico Geological Society. ISBN 978-1-58546-011-3.
- Alroy, J (2002). Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. _.
- Froehlich, D. J (2002). "Quo vadis Eohippus? The systematics and taxonomy of the early Eocene equids (Perissodactyla)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (2): 141–256. doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00005.x.
- Redline, A.D. (1997). "Revision of the Wind River faunas, early Eocene of central Wyoming. 13. Systematics and phylogenetic pattern of early Eocene Hyopsodus (Mammalia: Condylarthra)". Annals of Carnegie Museum 66 (1): 1–81. doi:10.5962/p.226625.
- Williamson, T. E.; Lucas, S. G. (1992). "Meniscotherium (Mammalia, Condylarthra) from the Paleocene-Eocene of Western North America)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin 1: 1–75.
- Smith, Larry N. (1992). "Stratigraphy, sediment dispersal and paleogeography of the Lower Eocene San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado". New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series (43): 297–310. https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/43/43_p0297_p0309.pdf. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- Sullivan, R. M.; Lucas, S. G. (1988). "Fossil Squamata from the San José Formation, Early Eocene, San Juan Basin, New Mexico". Journal of Paleontology 62: 631–639.
- Beard, K. C (1987). "Jemezius, a new omomyid primate from the early Eocene of northwestern New Mexico". Journal of Human Evolution 16 (6): 457–468. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90034-0.
- Flanagan, K. M (1986). "Early Eocene rodents from the San Jose Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico". Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming Special Paper 3: 197–220.
- Krishtalka, L.; Stucky, R. K. (1986). "Early Eocene artiodactyls from the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and the Piceance Basin, Colorado". Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming Special Paper 3: 183–196.
- Schoch, R. M (1986). "Systematics, Functional Morphology and Macroevolution of the Extinct Mammalian Order Taeniodonta". Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 42: 1–320.
- Korth, W.W. (1984). "Earliest Tertiary evolution and radiation of rodents in North America". Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 24: 1–71. doi:10.5962/p.228603.
- Bown, T.M.; Schankler, D (1982). "A review of the Proteutheria and Insectivora of the Willwood Formation (lower Eocene), Bighorn Basin, Wyoming". U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1523. doi:10.3133/b1523.
- Lucas, S. G.; Schoch, R. M.; Manning, E. (1981). "The Systematics of Forstercooperia, a Middle to Late Eocene Hyracodontid (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotoidea) from Asia and Western North America". Journal of Paleontology 55: 826–841.
- Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1978). Cope: Master Naturalist: Life and Letters of Edward Drinker Cope, With a Bibliography of His Writings. Manchester, New Hampshire: Ayer Com C. M. Bauer, 1916, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 98-Ppany Publishing. ISBN 978-0-405-10735-1.
- Gingerich, P. D.; Simons, E. L. (1977). "Systematics, phylogeny, and evolution of early Eocene Adapidae (Mammalia, Primates) in North America". Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 24: 245–279.
- Baltz, E.H. (1967). "Stratigraphy and regional tectonic implications of part of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks, east-central San Juan Basin, New Mexico". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. Professional Paper 552. doi:10.3133/pp552.
- Simpson, G. G (1951). "Hayden, Cope, and the Eocene of New Mexico". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 103: 1–21.
- Simpson, G. G. (1948b). "The Eocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico; Part 2". American Journal of Science 246 (6): 363–385. doi:10.2475/ajs.246.6.363. Bibcode: 1948AmJS..246..363S.
- Simpson, G. G. (1948a). "The Eocene of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico. Part 1". American Journal of Science 246 (5): 257–282. doi:10.2475/ajs.246.5.257. Bibcode: 1948AmJS..246..257S.
- Denison, R.H. (1938). "The broad-skulled PseudoCreodi". New York Academy of Science Annals 37: 163–256. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1937.tb55483.x.
- Hay, O. P (1904). "On some fossil turtles belonging to the Marsh Collection in Yale University Museum". American Journal of Science. Fourth Series 18 (106): 261–276. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-18.106.261. Bibcode: 1904AmJS...18..261H. https://zenodo.org/record/2164692.
- Cope, E. D (1875). Systematic Catalogue of Vertebrata of the Eocene of New Mexico, Collected in 1874. Geographical Explorations and Surveys West of the 100th Meridian, Engineer Department, U. S. Army. pp. 5–37.
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