Chemistry:Fumarole mineral

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Short description: Minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations
Fumarole formation of tazieffite (de) acicular crystals (black) at Mutnovsky, Kamchatka. An electron micrograph, colour enhanced by optical microscopy, depicted width: 700 microns.

Fumarole minerals (or fumarolic minerals) are minerals which are deposited by fumarole exhalations. They form when gases and compounds desublimate or precipitate out of condensates, forming mineral deposits. They are mostly associated with volcanoes (as volcanic sublimate or fumarolic sublimate) following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole,[1] but have been encountered on burning coal deposits as well. They can be black or multicoloured and are often unstable upon exposure to the atmosphere.

Native sulfur is a common sublimate mineral and various halides, sulfides and sulfates occur in this environment associated with fumaroles and eruptions. A number of rare minerals are fumarole minerals, and at least 240 such minerals are known from Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. Other volcanoes where particular fumarole minerals have been discovered are Vulcano in Italy and Bezymyanny also in Russia.

Origin and appearance

Fumarole minerals in SEM images, from Mutnovsky volcano in Kamchatka. An electron micrograph, colour enhanced by optical microscopy, depicted width: 700 microns.

In fumaroles, minerals either form through desublimation from fumarole gases or through interactions of fumarole gases with country rock.[2] The former are known as sublimates and the latter as incrustations.[3] Some such deposits may also form through the interaction between liquid fumarole condensates and country rock[4] and are not always formed by desublimation.[5] Repeated cycles of primary deposition and secondary alteration may occur.[6] Volcanic gases such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide and water[7] can transport large amounts of elements, thus contributing to geochemical cycles on the surface and the formation of ore deposits at depth.[8] When these exhalations reach the atmosphere and cool, the minerals contained in them tend to precipitate out.[9]

Volcanic fumarole minerals (as volcanic sublimate or fumarolic sublimate) form following deposition from volcanic gas during an eruption or discharge from a volcanic vent or fumarole.[1] Burning coal produces enough heat to partially melt rocks and to generate exhalations of the mineral components embedded in coal.[10] Coal seam fires often deposit fumarolic minerals over areas of a few square metres which can be detected by airborne hyperspectral imagery.[11] Coal fires can mobilize toxic trace elements.[12] Fumarole minerals have also been found in Gusev crater on Mars.[13]

Fumarole deposits have been used to identify heat flow anomalies and to reconstruct ore genesis processes.[6]

Fumarole exhalations are often black or multicoloured, and tend to develop typical zonations. Common components are sulfur compounds and elemental sulfur.[9] In the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Alaska the fumarole minerals form both thin crusts in the vents, mixtures with tephra deposits[14] and coloured outcrops and mounds at the sites of former fumaroles.[15] Deposits at Tolbachik volcano have shapes likef crusts, small plates[16] and globules.[17]

Typical components of fumarole minerals are halides, oxides, sulfates and sulfides,[18] with the exact composition different between volcanoes, individual vents at volcanoes and different temperatures of the same vent.[19] Fumarolic minerals are often unstable and are eroded or decompose,[20] in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Alaska it took less than a century for almost all fumarole mineral deposits to disappear[21] although others remained and were later used to identify former fumarole vents.[22] Thus, many fumarole minerals are rare and many rare minerals are fumarole minerals.[23] Some fumarolic minerals have been found in extinct Cenozoic volcanoes[24] and could exist in Archean rocks as well, however.[25] Unique textures occur such as bubble-like structures, which may form when the liquid that deposits the minerals evaporates.[4]

Volcanoes

Electron micrograph images of fumarolic minerals at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka

Research on the mineralogy of fumarole minerals has been conducted in Central America, Russia and Europe,[18] with detailed publications on Izalco in El Salvador,[26] Eldfell in Iceland,[27] Vesuvius[19] where research goes back to the early 19th century[28] and Vulcano in Italy, Mount Usu in Japan, Kudryavy and Tolbachik in Russia, Kilauea and Mount St. Helens in the United States.[18] Sulfur deposits containing fumarolic desublimates are found at Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes.[29] Kudryavy volcano in the Kurils is particularly known for the numerous mineralizations its fumaroles have produced[30] and for the presence of rhenium-rich precipitates.[3] Among the elements found there are copper-gold-silver alloys.[31] Various sulfate-based minerals have been identified at the Salton Buttes in California .[32] Fumarolic minerals have also been reported from the Western Andes in Bolivia.[33]

The most fumarolic minerals have been found at Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, Russia; Tolbachik also has one of the most diverse mineral assemblages in the world.[24] The high temperature and oxidizing regime of exhalations which transport the elements at Tolbachik facilitates mineral deposition.[34] A large assemblage of silicates[35] and a number of copper-zinc selenite chlorides[36] and copper-based fumarolic minerals were discovered at Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia . Many of these include polymeric CuO4 units.[2] About 240 minerals have been identified at Tolbachik,[24] close to a record,[37] 40 of them only incompletely studied.[38] Elemental gold linked to chlorides at Tolbachik has been interpreted as gold transported by chlorine-rich oxidizing environments.[39] Specimens of fumarole minerals from Tolbachik and Kudryavy are hosted by the Fersman Mineralogical Museum in Moscow.[40]

Historical lava flows of Vesuvius volcano contain fumarolic minerals.[41] Various fumarole minerals have been discovered at Vulcano volcano in Italy, where the mineralogy has changed since 1987 and 1990 due to hotter fumarole exhalations,[42] yielding increased sulfate and sulfur salt concentrations.[43] Fumarolic minerals have also been encountered in multiple mud volcanoes in Siberia.[44]

Minerals discovered in fumarole areas

Mineral Formula Location Date described Ref
Abramovite Pb2SnInBiS7 Kudryavy, Russia 2008 [45]
Allochalcoselite Cu+Cu2+5PbO2(SeO3)2Cl5 [46]
Aluminocoquimbite AlFe(SO4)*3H2O Grotta del' Alume, Vulcano, Italy 2010 [47]
Aluminopyracmonite (NH4)3Al(SO4)3 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2018 [48]
Arsmirandite Na18Cu2+12Fe3+O8(AsO4)8Cl5 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [2]
Axelite Na14Cu7(AsO4)8F2Cl2 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [49]
Baliczunicite Bi2O(SO4)2 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2013 [43]
Belomarinaite KNaSO4 Toludskoe lava field, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [50]
Belousovite KZn(SO4)Cl Yadovitaya fumarole, Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [51]
Blossite a-Cu2+2V5+2O7 Izalco, El Salvador 1987 [26]
Bubnovaite K2Na8Ca(SO4)6 Naboko cone, Tolbachik, Russia [52]
Cadmoindite CdIn2S4 Kudryavy, Russia 2004 [53]
Calciolangbeinite K2Ca2(SO4)3 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [54]
Campostriniite (Bi3+,Na)3(NH,4K)2Na2(SO4)·6 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2015 [55]
Cannizzarite Pb46Bi54(S,Se)127 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy [56]
Cesiodymite CsKCu5O(SO4)5 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [57]
Chubarovite KZn2(BO3)Cl2 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2015 [58]
Cryptocalcite K2Cu5O(SO4)5 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [57]
Cuprodobrovolskyite Na4Cu(SO4)3 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik 2023 [59]
Cupromolybdite Cu3O(MoO4)2 New Tolbachik scoria cones, Tolbachik, Russia 2012 [60]
D'ansite Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl Vesuvius and Vulcano, Italy 2012 [61]
Demartinite K2SiF6 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2007 [62]
Demicheleite BiSI and BiSBr La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2010 and 2008 [63][64]
Dobrovolskyite Na4Ca(SO4)3 Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia 2021 [65]
Elasmochloite Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4) [66]
Eldfellite NaFe(SO4)2 [67]
Ermakovite (NH4)(As2O3)2Br Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan 2022 [68]
Grigorievite Cu3Fe3+2Al2(VO4) Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2015 [69]
Hermannjahnite CuZn(SO4)2 Naboko scoria cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [70]
Karpovite Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O) First Cinder Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2018 [71]
Knasibfite K3Na4[SiF6]3[BF4] La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2008 [72]
Koksharovite CaMg2Fe3+4(VO4)6 Bezymyanny, Russia 2015 [69]
Kudriavite (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4 Kudryavy, Russia 2004 [53]
Lehmannite Na18Cu2+12TiO8(AsO4)8FCl5 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik 2020 [2]
Leonardsenite MgAlF5(H2O)2 Eldfell, Heimaey, Iceland 2015 [69]
Lesyukite Al2(OH)5Cl20−*H2O First Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2007 or earlier [73]
Lucabindiite (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br) La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2010–2011 [74]
Majzlanite K2Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO4)4 Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [75]
Medvedevite KMnV2O6Cl*(H2O)2 Toludskoe lava field, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [76]
Napoliite Pb2OFCl Vesuvius, 1994 rocks 2010-2020 [77]
Nishanbaevite KAl2O(AsO4)(SO4) Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [78]
Oskarssonite AlF3 Eldfell, Iceland 2018 [27]
Ozerovaite Na2KAl3(AsO4)4 Second Cinder Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2019 [79]
Paradimorphite As4S3 Solfatara, Campi Flegrei, Italy 2022 [80]
Parageorgbokiite b-Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2 Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2007 [81]
Parascandolaite KMgF3 Vesuvius, Italy 2014 [82]
Parawulffite K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2014 [83]
Petrovite Na10CaCu2(SO4)8 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [17]
Pliniusite Ca5(VO4)3F Tolbachik, Russia 2022 [84]
Prewittite KPb1.5Cu6Zn(SeO3)2O2Cl10 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2013 [36]
Pseudolyonsite Cu3(VO4)2 New Tolbachik scoria cones, Tolbachik, Russia 2011 [85]
Puninite Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 Second scoria cone, Tolbachik, Russia 2017 [86]
Rhabdoborite Mg12(V,Mo,W)4/3O6[(BO3)6–x(PO4 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [87]
Russoite NH4ClAs3+2O3(H2O)0.5 Solfatara, Phlegrean Fields, Italy 2018 [88]
Ryabchikovite CuMg(Si2O6) Arsenatnaya, Tolbachik 2023 [89]
Sbacchiite Ca2AlF7 Vesuvius, Italy 2019 [90]
Shcherbinaite V2O5 Izalco, El Salvador 1983 [91]
Stoiberite Cu5V2O10 "Y fumarole", Izalco, El Salvador 1979 [92]
Therasiaite (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2014 [93]
Thermessaite (NH4)2AlF3(SO4) La Fossa, Vulcano, Italy 2021 [94]
Topsøeite FeF3(H2O)3 Hekla, Iceland 2018 [95]
Wulffite K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2014 [83]
Vasilseverginite Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2021 [96]
Wrightite K2Al2O(AsO4)2 Second Scoria Cone, Tolbachik, Russia 1983 [97]
Yavapaiite KFe(SO4)2 [67]
Ziminaite Fe3+VO4 Bezymyanny, Russia 2018 [98]
Zincobradaczekite NaCuCuZn2(AsO4)3 Yadovitaya fumarole, Tolbachik, Russia 2020 [99]

Gallery

  • Scanning electron microscope images of fumarole minerals

  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours

  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Mutnovsky, Kamchatka

  • Fumarole minerals in natural colours, Tolbachik, Kamchatka

  • Photos of fumarole minerals

  • Non-SEM photo of belomarinaite from Tolbachik, Kamchatka

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Manahan, Stanley E. (2004-08-26). Environmental Chemistry (Eighth ed.). CRC Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-1-56670-633-9. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Britvin et al. 2020, p. 2.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ganino, Libourel & Bernard 2019, p. 75.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Stracher et al. 2005, p. 1736.
  5. ↑ Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 513.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kodosky & Keith 1993, p. 185.
  7. ↑ Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 514.
  8. ↑ Renggli & Klemme 2020, p. 1.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Shevko, E. P.; Bortnikova, S. B.; Abrosimova, N. A.; Kamenetsky, V. S.; Bortnikova, S. P.; Panin, G. L.; Zelenski, M. (20 March 2018). "Trace Elements and Minerals in Fumarolic Sulfur: The Case of Ebeko Volcano, Kuriles" (in en). Geofluids 2018: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2018/4586363. 
  10. ↑ Guy et al. 2020, p. 466.
  11. ↑ Kuenzer, Claudia; Stracher, Glenn B. (1 February 2012). "Geomorphology of coal seam fires" (in en). Geomorphology 138 (1): 217. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.09.004. ISSN 0169-555X. Bibcode: 2012Geomo.138..209K. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X11004727. 
  12. ↑ Stracher et al. 2005, p. 1738.
  13. ↑ Yen, A. S.; Morris, R. V.; Clark, B. C.; Gellert, R.; Knudson, A. T.; Squyres, S.; Mittlefehldt, D. W.; Ming, D. W. et al. (2008). "Hydrothermal processes at Gusev Crater: An evaluation of Paso Robles class soils" (in en). Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 113 (E6): 16. doi:10.1029/2007JE002978. ISSN 2156-2202. Bibcode: 2008JGRE..113.6S10Y. 
  14. ↑ Keith 1991, p. 236.
  15. ↑ Kodosky & Keith 1993, p. 187.
  16. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. (1 September 2019). "Elasmochloite, Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia". European Journal of Mineralogy 31 (5–6): 1026. doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2887. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2019EJMin..31.1025P. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/31/5-6/1025/573482. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Filatov, Stanislav K.; Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V. (2020). "Petrovite, Na10CaCu2(SO4)8, a new fumarolic sulfate from the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 84 (5): 691–698. doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.53. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2020MinM...84..691F. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 101.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Stoiber & Rose 1974, p. 496.
  20. ↑ Gazis, Carey; Taylor, Hugh P.; Hon, Ken; Tsvetkov, Andrei (1 October 1996). "Oxygen isotopic and geochemical evidence for a short-lived, high-temperature hydrothermal event in the Chegem caldera, Caucasus Mountains, Russia" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 73 (3): 241. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(96)00023-6. ISSN 0377-0273. Bibcode: 1996JVGR...73..213G. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0377-0273%2896%2900023-6. 
  21. ↑ Holt, Elizabeth Warner; Taylor, Hugh P. (1 July 1998). "18O/16O mapping and hydrogeology of a short-lived (≈10 years) fumarolic (>500°C) meteoric–hydrothermal event in the upper part of the 0.76 Ma Bishop Tuff outflow sheet, California1Contribution No. 8478, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech.1" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 83 (1): 135. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00014-6. ISSN 0377-0273. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027398000146. 
  22. ↑ Keith 1991, p. 230.
  23. ↑ Hazen, Robert M.; Ausubel, Jesse H. (1 June 2016). "On the nature and significance of rarity in mineralogy" (in en). American Mineralogist 101 (6): 1247. doi:10.2138/am-2016-5601CCBY. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 2016AmMin.101.1245H. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Pekov et al. 2018, p. 306.
  25. ↑ Ganino, Libourel & Bernard 2019, p. 85.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Robinson, Paul D.; Hughes, John M.; Malinconico, MaryAnn L. (1 April 1987). "Blossite, α-Cu2+2V5+2O7, a new fumarolic sublimate from Izalco Volcano, El Salvador" (in en). American Mineralogist 72 (3–4): 397–399. ISSN 0003-004X. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/72/3-4/397/104957/Blossite-alpha-Cu-2-super-2-V-2-super-5-O-7-a-new?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Jacobsen, M. J.; Balić -Žunić, T.; Mitolo, D.; Katerinopoulou, A.; Garavelli, A.; Jakobsson, S. P. (2018). "Oskarssonite, AlF3, a new fumarolic mineral from Eldfell volcano, Heimaey, Iceland" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 78 (1): 215–216. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.15. ISSN 0026-461X. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/oskarssonite-alf3-a-new-fumarolic-mineral-from-eldfell-volcano-heimaey-iceland/A2966BD4681499D37BA41B2B4A707A0B. 
  28. ↑ FRANZA, ANNARITA; PETTI, CARMELA; PRATESI, GIOVANNI (20 April 2021). "MORE THAN JUST A ROCK COLLECTION. THE METEORITE COLLECTION OF THE ITALIAN GEOLOGIST TEODORO MONTICELLI (1759–1845)". Earth Sciences History 40 (1): 46. doi:10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.39. ISSN 0736-623X. Bibcode: 2021ESHis..40...39F. https://meridian.allenpress.com/esh/article-abstract/40/1/39/464299/MORE-THAN-JUST-A-ROCK-COLLECTION-THE-METEORITE. 
  29. ↑ Inostroza, Manuel; Aguilera, Felipe; Menzies, Andrew; Layana, Susana; González, Cristóbal; Ureta, Gabriel; Sepúlveda, José; Scheller, Samuel et al. (1 March 2020). "Deposition of metals and metalloids in the fumarolic fields of Guallatiri and Lastarria volcanoes, northern Chile" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 393: 13. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106803. ISSN 0377-0273. Bibcode: 2020JVGR..39306803I. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027319304536. 
  30. ↑ Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 828.
  31. ↑ Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 837.
  32. ↑ Adams, Paul M.; Lynch, David K.; Buckland, Kerry N.; Johnson, Patrick D.; Tratt, David M. (15 November 2017). "Sulfate mineralogy of fumaroles in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field, Imperial County, California" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 347: 41. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.08.010. ISSN 0377-0273. Bibcode: 2017JVGR..347...15A. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037702731730149X. 
  33. ↑ Petrov, Alfredo; Smith, Bill; Smith, Carol (1 November 2001). "A Guide to Mineral Localities in Bolivia" (in English). The Mineralogical Record 32 (6): 2. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA80541815&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00264628&p=AONE&sw=w. 
  34. ↑ Pekov et al. 2018, p. 318.
  35. ↑ Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 102.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Shuvalov, Robert R.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Semenova, Tatyana F.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Rudashevsky, Nikolay S. (1 February 2013). "Prewittite, KPb1.5Cu6Zn(SeO3)2O2Cl10, a new mineral from Tolbachik fumaroles, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia: Description and crystal structure" (in en). American Mineralogist 98 (2–3): 463. doi:10.2138/am.2013.4174. ISSN 1945-3027. Bibcode: 2013AmMin..98..463S. https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/ammin/98/2-3/article-p463.xml. 
  37. ↑ Sergeeva, A. V.; Zhitova, E. S.; Nuzhdaev, A. A.; Nazarova, M. A. (1 February 2022). "Modeling the Process of Mineral Generation in Thermal Anomalies with Ammonium Sulfate Thermal Waters: The Role of рН" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Seismology 16 (1): 35. doi:10.1134/S0742046321060099. ISSN 1819-7108. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0742046321060099. 
  38. ↑ Shchipalkina et al. 2020, p. 103.
  39. ↑ Kamenetsky, Vadim S.; Belousov, Alexander; Sharygin, Victor V.; Zhitova, Liudmila M.; Ehrig, Kathy; Zelenski, Michael E.; Chaplygin, Ilya; Yudovskaya, Marina A. et al. (December 2019). "High-temperature gold-copper extraction with chloride flux in lava tubes of Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka)". Terra Nova 31 (6): 515. doi:10.1111/ter.12420. Bibcode: 2019TeNov..31..511K. http://repo.kscnet.ru/3797/1/TerraNova2019.pdf. 
  40. ↑ Robinson, George W.; Scovil, Jeffrey; King, Vandall T.; Cureton, Forrest (1 September 1995). "World review of mineral discoveries: 1993–1994" (in English). The Mineralogical Record 26 (5): 13. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA17777216&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00264628&p=AONE&sw=w. 
  41. ↑ Voltaggio, Mario; Branca, Marilì; Tedesco, Dario; Tuccimei, Paola; Di Pietro, Laura (1 January 2004). "226Ra-excess during the 1631–1944 activity period of Vesuvius (Italy): A model of alpha-recoil enrichment in a metasomatized mantle and implications on the current state of the magmatic system" (in en). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68 (1): 175. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(03)00236-9. ISSN 0016-7037. Bibcode: 2004GeCoA..68..167V. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703703002369. 
  42. ↑ Pinto, Garavelli & Mitolo 2014, p. 1.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Pinto, Garavelli & Mitolo 2014, p. 2.
  44. ↑ Tatarinov, A. V.; Yalovik, L. I.; Kanakin, S. V. (1 July 2016). "The generation and mineral associations of rock assemblages at mud volcanoes: Southeastern Siberia" (in en). Journal of Volcanology and Seismology 10 (4): 254. doi:10.1134/S0742046316030052. ISSN 1819-7108. Bibcode: 2016JVolS..10..248T. https://www.gt-crust.ru/jour/article/download/313/241. 
  45. ↑ Yudovskaya, M. A.; Trubkin, N. V.; Koporulina, E. V.; Belakovsky, D. I.; Mokhov, A. V.; Kuznetsova, M. V.; Golovanova, T. I. (1 December 2008). "Abramovite, Pb2SnInBiS7, a new mineral species from fumaroles of the Kudryavy volcano, Kurile Islands, Russia" (in en). Geology of Ore Deposits 50 (7): 551. doi:10.1134/S1075701508070052. ISSN 1555-6476. Bibcode: 2008GeoOD..50..551Y. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1075701508070052. 
  46. ↑ Lykova, Inna; Rowe, Ralph; Poirier, Glenn; Friis, Henrik; Helwig, Kate (9 December 2022). "Bounahasite, Cu+Cu2+2(OH)3Cl2, a new mineral from the Bou Nahas Mine, Morocco". Mineralogical Magazine 87 (2): 218–224. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.133. 
  47. ↑ Demartin, Francesco; Castellano, Carlo; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo (1 December 2010). "ALUMINOCOQUIMBITE, AlFe(SO4)3·9H2O, A NEW ALUMINUM IRON SULFATE FROM GROTTA DELL'ALLUME, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 48 (6): 1465. doi:10.3749/canmin.48.5.1465. ISSN 0008-4476. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/48/6/1465/127201/ALUMINOCOQUIMBITE-AlFe-SO4-3-9H2O-A-NEW-ALUMINUM. 
  48. ↑ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (2018). "Aluminopyracmonite, (NH4)3Al(SO4)3, a new ammonium aluminium sulfate from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 77 (4): 443. doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.4.04. ISSN 0026-461X. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/aluminopyracmonite-nh43also43-a-new-ammonium-aluminium-sulfate-from-la-fossa-crater-vulcano-aeolian-islands-italy/E0C90E0BA00F987A838DFF4259F154F7. 
  49. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G.; Kutyrev, Anton V. et al. (2022). "New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. XIX. Axelite, Na14Cu7(AsO4)8F2Cl2" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 87: 109–117. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.120. ISSN 0026-461X. 
  50. ↑ Filatov, Stanislav K.; Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Saprikina, Olga U.; Bubnova, Rimma S.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Belousov, Alexander B. (2019). "Belomarinaite KNa(SO4): A new sulfate from 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 83 (4): 569–575. doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.170. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2019MinM...83..569F. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/belomarinaite-knaso4-a-new-sulfate-from-20122013-tolbachik-fissure-eruption-kamchatka-peninsula-russia/25C231E7A6828D9A88967588BE51950D. 
  51. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (2018). "Belousovite, KZn(SO4)Cl, a new sulfate mineral from the Tolbachik volcano with apophyllite sheet-topology." (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (5): 1079–1080. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.084. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82.1079S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/belousovite-kznso4cl-a-new-sulfate-mineral-from-the-tolbachik-volcano-with-apophyllite-sheettopology/F758EF22841D371A5AB8EB83452CD2D6. 
  52. ↑ Gorelova, Liudmila A.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Karpov, Genadii A.; Filatov, Stanislav K. (1 June 2016). "Bubnovaite, K2Na8Ca(SO4)6, a new mineral species with modular structure from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 28 (3): 677. doi:10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2530. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2016EJMin..28..677G. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/28/3/677/277573/Bubnovaite-K2Na8Ca-SO4-6-a-new-mineral-species. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Yudovskaya et al. 2006, p. 830.
  54. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Galuskina, Irina O.; Kusz, Joachim; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Galuskin, Evgeny V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Bulakh, Maria O. et al. (August 2022). "Calciolangbeinite- O , a natural orthorhombic modification of K2Ca2(SO4)3, and the langbeinite–calciolangbeinite solid-solution system". Mineralogical Magazine 86 (4): 557–569. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.95. Bibcode: 2022MinM...86..557P. 
  55. ↑ Demartin, Francesco; Castellano, Carlo; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria (2015). "Campostriniite, (Bi3+,Na)3(NH4,K)2Na2(SO4)6·H2O, a new sulfate isostructural with görgeyite, from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 79 (4): 1007–1008. doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.4.10. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2015MinM...79.1007D. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/campostriniite-bi3na3nh4k2na2so46h2o-a-new-sulfate-isostructural-with-gorgeyite-from-la-fossa-crater-vulcano-aeolian-islands-italy/7FC7AAB129EDEA2FCBC07486A80FACD4. 
  56. ↑ Topa, Dan; Makovicky, Emil; Dittrich, Herbert (1 June 2010). "The Crystal Structure of 7H:12Q Cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 48 (3): 484. doi:10.3749/canmin.48.3.483. ISSN 0008-4476. Bibcode: 2010CaMin..48..483T. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/48/3/483/127123/THE-CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE-OF-7H-12Q-CANNIZZARITE-FROM. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Y.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (1 May 2018). "Cryptochalcite, K2Cu5O(SO4)5, and cesiodymite, CsKCu5O(SO4)5, two new isotypic minerals and the K–Cs isomorphism in this solid-solution series" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 30 (3): 593. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2725. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2018EJMin..30..593P. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/30/3/593/531016/Cryptochalcite-K2Cu5O-SO4-5-and-cesiodymite. 
  58. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pautov, Leonid A.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Lykova, Inna S.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (1 March 2015). "CHUBAROVITE, KZn2(BO3)Cl2, A NEW MINERAL SPECIES FROM THE TOLBACHIK VOLCANO, KAMCHATKA, RUSSIATHE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 53 (2): 273. doi:10.3749/canmin.1400080. ISSN 0008-4476. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/53/2/273/127598/CHUBAROVITE-KZn2-BO3-Cl2-A-NEW-MINERAL-SPECIES. 
  59. ↑ Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Nazarova, Maria A. (13 November 2023). "A new mineral cuprodobrovolskyite Na4Cu(SO4)3 from the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia) and the relations in the family of natural anhydrous Na-Cu sulfates" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine: 1–32. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.85. ISSN 0026-461X. https://doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2023.85. 
  60. ↑ Zelenski, Michael E.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Polekhovsky, Yuri S.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu (1 August 2012). "Cupromolybdite, Cu3O(MoO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 24 (4): 750. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2012/0024-2221. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2012EJMin..24..749Z. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/24/4/749/69691/Cupromolybdite-Cu3O-MoO4-2-a-new-fumarolic-mineral. 
  61. ↑ Demartin, F.; Campostrini, I.; Castellano, C.; Gramaccioli, C. M.; Russo, M. (1 December 2012). "D'ansite-(Mn), Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 and d'ansite-(Fe), Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3, two new minerals from volcanic fumaroles" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 76 (7): 2773–2774. doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.10. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2012MinM...76.2773D. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/minmag/article-abstract/76/7/2773/85554/D-ansite-Mn-Na21Mn2-SO4-10Cl3-and-d-ansite-Fe?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  62. ↑ Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo (1 October 2007). "DEMARTINITE, A NEW POLYMORPH OF K2SiF6 FROM LA FOSSA CRATER, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 45 (5): 1275. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.5.1275. ISSN 0008-4476. Bibcode: 2007CaMin..45.1275G. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/45/5/1275/13680/DEMARTINITE-A-NEW-POLYMORPH-OF-K2SiF6-FROM-LA. 
  63. ↑ Demartin, Francesco; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo; Orlandi, Paolo (1 October 2008). "Demicheleite, BiSBr, a new mineral from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). American Mineralogist 93 (10): 1603–1604. doi:10.2138/am.2008.2883. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 2008AmMin..93.1603D. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/93/10/1603/44636/Demicheleite-BiSBr-a-new-mineral-from-La-Fossa?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  64. ↑ Demartin, F.; Gramaccioli, C. M.; Campostrini, I. (2010). "Demicheleite-(I), BiSI, a new mineral from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 74 (1): 141–142. doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.141. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2010MinM...74..141D. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/demicheleitei-bisi-a-new-mineral-from-la-fossa-crater-vulcano-aeolian-islands-italy/F5E846B95005877723E4A4272AF239AD. 
  65. ↑ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya Yu; Knyazev, Alexander V.; Bubnova, Rimma S. (April 2021). "Dobrovolskyite, Na4Ca(SO4)3, a new fumarolic sulfate from the Great Tolbachik fissure eruption, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 85 (2): 233–241. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.9. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..233S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/dobrovolskyite-na4caso43-a-new-fumarolic-sulfate-from-the-great-tolbachik-fissure-eruption-kamchatka-peninsula-russia/13358F8C376C8CF9C4D6B29C72C0EEE9. 
  66. ↑ Yakubovich, Olga V.; Shvanskaya, Larisa V.; Kiriukhina, Galina V.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V.; Vasiliev, Alexander N. (2 August 2021). "Hydrothermal Synthesis and a Composite Crystal Structure of Na6Cu7BiO4(PO4)4[Cl,(OH)3 as a Candidate for Quantum Spin Liquid"]. Inorganic Chemistry 60 (15): 11455. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01459. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34264636. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01459. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 Singh, Shashwat; Singh, Deobrat; Ahuja, Rajeev; Fichtner, Maximilian; Barpanda, Prabeer (2023). "Eldfellite NaV(SO 4 ) 2 as a versatile cathode insertion host for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11 (8): 3975–3986. doi:10.1039/D2TA03673H. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/ta/d2ta03673h. 
  68. ↑ Karpenko, Vladimir Yu.; Pautov, Leonid A.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Mirakov, Mirak A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Plechov, Pavel Yu.; Makhmadsharif, Saimudasir (14 October 2022). "Ermakovite (NH4)(As2O3)2Br, a new exhalative arsenite bromide mineral from the Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan". Mineralogical Magazine 87: 69–78. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.116. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Cámara, Gagne & Uvarova 2015, p. 660.
  70. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Turner, Rick; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Pekov, Igor V. et al. (1 February 2018). "Hermannjahnite, CuZn(SO4)2, a new mineral with chalcocyanite derivative structure from the Naboko scoria cone of the 2012–2013 fissure eruption at Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia" (in en). Mineralogy and Petrology 112 (1): 123. doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0520-4. ISSN 1438-1168. Bibcode: 2018MinPe.112..123S. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00710-017-0520-4. 
  71. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Kretser, Yuri L.; Polekhovsky, Yuri S.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2018). "Unique thallium mineralization in the fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. II. Karpovite, Tl2VO(SO4)2(H2O)" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 78 (7): 1699–1700. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.7.13. ISSN 0026-461X. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/unique-thallium-mineralization-in-the-fumaroles-of-the-tolbachik-volcano-kamchatka-peninsula-russia-ii-karpovite-tl2voso42h2o/C01D012A56D9E34AB45997E8127E5FD7. 
  72. ↑ Demartin, Francesco; Gramaccioli, Carlo Maria; Campostrini, Italo; Orlandi, Paolo (1 April 2008). "KNASIBFITE, K3Na4[SiF63[BF4], A NEW HEXAFLUOROSILICATE–TETRAFLUOROBORATE FROM LA FOSSA CRATER, VULCANO, AEOLIAN ISLANDS, ITALY"] (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 46 (2): 447. doi:10.3749/canmin.46.2.447. ISSN 0008-4476. Bibcode: 2008CaMin..46..447D. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/46/2/447/126907/KNASIBFITE-K3Na4-SiF6-3-BF4-A-NEW. 
  73. ↑ Vergasova, Filatov & Dunin-Barkovskaya 2007, p. 131.
  74. ↑ Garavelli, Anna; Mitolo, Donatella; Pinto, Daniela; Vurro, Filippo (2013-02-01). "Lucabindiite, (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br), a new fumarole mineral from the "La Fossa" crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). American Mineralogist 98 (2–3): 470–477. doi:10.2138/am.2013.4194. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 2013AmMin..98..470G. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article/98/2-3/470/45786/Lucabindiite-K-NH4-As4O6-Cl-Br-a-new-fumarole. 
  75. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V. (2019). "Majzlanite, K2Na(ZnNa)Ca(SO4)4, a new anhydrous sulfate mineral with complex cation substitutions from Tolbachik volcano" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 84 (1): 153–158. doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.68. ISSN 0026-461X. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/majzlanite-k2naznnacaso44-a-new-anhydrous-sulfate-mineral-with-complex-cation-substitutions-from-tolbachik-volcano/68CBA8C178F34C1BF853074F0BA23A4E. 
  76. ↑ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Avdontceva, Margarita S.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Avdontseva, Evgenia Yu.; Povolotskiy, Alexey V.; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Kargopoltsev, Anatoly A. et al. (June 2022). "Medvedevite, KMn2+V5+2O6Cl⋅2H2O, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik fissure eruption 2012–2013, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia". Mineralogical Magazine 86 (3): 478–485. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.38. 
  77. ↑ Kasatkin, Anatoly V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Nestola, Fabrizio; Pekov, Igor V.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Nazarchuk, Evgeny V. et al. (October 2023). "Napoliite, Pb 2 OFCl, a new mineral from Vesuvius volcano, and its relationship with dimorphous rumseyite". Mineralogical Magazine 87 (5): 711–718. doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.43. 
  78. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (9 December 2022). "Nishanbaevite, KAl2O(AsO4)(SO4), a new As/S-ordered arsenate-sulfate mineral of fumarolic origin" (in en). Mineralogy and Petrology 117 (2): 247–257. doi:10.1007/s00710-022-00803-0. ISSN 1438-1168. Bibcode: 2023MinPe.117..247P. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00710-022-00803-0. 
  79. ↑ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya YU; Moskaleva, Svetlana V.; Povolotskiy, Aleksey V. (1 January 2019). "Ozerovaite, Na2KAl3(AsO4)4, new mineral species from Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 31 (1): 159. doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2808. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2019EJMin..31..159S. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/31/1/159/565769/Ozerovaite-Na2KAl3-AsO4-4-new-mineral-species-from. 
  80. ↑ Campostrini, Italo; Castellano, Carlo; Demartin, Francesco; Rocchetti, Ivano; Russo, Massimo; Vignola, Pietro (June 2022). "Paradimorphite, β-As4S3, a vintage new mineral from Solfatara di Pozzuoli and Vesuvius, Napoli, Italy". Mineralogical Magazine 86 (3): 500–506. doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.47. 
  81. ↑ Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Burns, Peter C.; Vergasova, Lidiya P. (1 August 2007). "THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PARAGEORGBOKIITE, β-Cu5O2(SeO3)2Cl2" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 45 (4): 929. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.929. ISSN 0008-4476. Bibcode: 2007CaMin..45..929K. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/45/4/929/126869/THE-CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE-OF-PARAGEORGBOKIITE-Cu5O2. 
  82. ↑ Demartin, Francesco; Campostrini, Italo; Castellano, Carlo; Russo, Massimo (1 June 2014). "Parascandolaite, KMgF3, a new perovskite-type fluoride from Vesuvius" (in en). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 41 (6): 403. doi:10.1007/s00269-014-0668-y. ISSN 1432-2021. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00269-014-0668-y. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Chukanov, Nikita V.; Lykova, Inna S.; Savelyev, Dmitry P.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (1 August 2014). "Wulffite, K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, and Parawulffite, K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8, Two New Minerals from Fumarole Sublimates of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia" (in en). The Canadian Mineralogist 52 (4): 699. doi:10.3749/canmin.1400018. ISSN 0008-4476. Bibcode: 2014CaMin..52..699P. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/canmin/article/52/4/699/127543/WULFFITE-K3NaCu4O2-SO4-4-AND-PARAWULFFITE. 
  84. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Krzątała, Arkadiusz; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Galuskina, Irina O.; Galuskin, Evgeny V.; Britvin, Sergey N. et al. (1 August 2022). "Pliniusite, Ca5(VO4)3F, a new apatite-group mineral and the novel natural ternary solid-solution system pliniusite–svabite–fluorapatite". American Mineralogist 107 (8): 1626–1634. doi:10.2138/am-2022-8100. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/107/8/1626/615706/Pliniusite-Ca5-VO4-3F-a-new-apatite-group-mineral. 
  85. ↑ Zelenski, Michael E.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Pekov, Igor V.; Boldyreva, Maya M.; Pushcharovsky, Dmitry YU; Nekrasov, Aleksey N. (1 June 2011). "Pseudolyonsite, Cu3(VO4)2, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 23 (3): 475. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2101. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2011EJMin..23..475Z. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/23/3/475/69552/Pseudolyonsite-Cu3-VO4-2-a-new-mineral-species. 
  86. ↑ Siidra, Oleg I.; Nazarchuk, Evgenii V.; Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Lukina, Evgeniya A.; Avdontseva, Evgeniya Y.; Vergasova, Lidiya P.; Vlasenko, Natalia S.; Filatov, Stanislav K. et al. (1 June 2017). "Copper oxosulphates from fumaroles of Tolbachik volcano: puninite, Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 –a new mineral species and structure refinements of kamchatkite and alumoklyuchevskite" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 29 (3): 499–510. doi:10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2619. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2017EJMin..29..499S. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/29/3/499/520919/Copper-oxosulphates-from-fumaroles-of-Tolbachik. 
  87. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Zubkova, Natalia V.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Agakhanov, Atali A.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (1 October 2020). "Rhabdoborite‑(V), rhabdoborite‑(Mo) and rhabdoborite‑(W): a new group of borate minerals with the general formula Mg12M11/3O6[(BO3)6–x(PO4)xF2–x (M= V5+, Mo6+ or W6+ and x < 1)"] (in en). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 47 (10): 2–3. doi:10.1007/s00269-020-01105-7. ISSN 1432-2021. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00269-020-01105-7. 
  88. ↑ Campostrini, Italo; Demartin, Francesco; Scavini, Marco (2018). "Russoite, NH4ClAs23+O3(H2O)0.5, a new phylloarsenite mineral from Solfatara Di Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 83 (1): 89. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.097. ISSN 0026-461X. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/russoite-nh4clas23o3h2o05-a-new-phylloarsenite-mineral-from-solfatara-di-pozzuoli-napoli-italy/C5581D5B0EEA3BB8A34D5992FBFF409E. 
  89. ↑ Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V.; Vereshchagin, Oleg S.; Pekov, Igor V.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Shilovskikh, Vladimir V.; Pankin, Dmitriy V.; Britvin, Sergey N. et al. (3 July 2023). "Ryabchikovite, CuMg(Si2O6), a new pyroxene group mineral, and some genetic features of natural anhydrous copper silicates" (in en). American Mineralogist 108 (7): 1399–1408. doi:10.2138/am-2022-8620. https://www-degruyter-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/document/doi/10.2138/am-2022-8620/html. 
  90. ↑ Campostrini, Italo; Demartin, Francesco; Russo, Massimo (1 January 2019). "Sbacchiite, Ca2AlF7, a new fumarolic mineral from the Vesuvius volcano, Napoli, Italy" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 31 (1): 153–158. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2799. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2019EJMin..31..153C. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/31/1/153/548111/Sbacchiite-Ca2AlF7-a-new-fumarolic-mineral-from. 
  91. ↑ Hughes, John M.; Finger, Larry W. (1 December 1983). "The crystal chemistry of shcherbinaite, naturally occurring V2O5" (in en). American Mineralogist 68 (11–12): 1220. ISSN 0003-004X. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/68/11-12/1220/104803/The-crystal-chemistry-of-shcherbinaite-naturally?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  92. ↑ Birnie, R. W.; Hughes, J. M. (1 October 1979). "Stoiberite, Cu5V2O10, a new copper vanadate from Izalco Volcano, El Salvador, Central America" (in en). American Mineralogist 64 (9–10): 941. ISSN 0003-004X. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/64/9-10/941/41093/Stoiberite-Cu5V2O10-a-new-copper-vanadate-from?redirectedFrom=fulltext. 
  93. ↑ Demartin, F.; Castellano, C.; Campostrini, I. (2014). "Therasiaite, (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5, a new sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 78 (1): 203–204. doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.1.14. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2014MinM...78..203D. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/abs/therasiaite-nh43kna2fe2fe3so43cl5-a-new-sulfate-chloride-from-la-fossa-crater-vulcano-aeolian-islands-italy/4097134B2485EFE40D544F18AF97070F. 
  94. ↑ Garavelli, Anna; Pinto, Daniela; Mitolo, Donatella; Kolitsch, Uwe (October 2021). "Thermessaite-(NH4), (NH4)2AlF3(SO4), a new fumarole mineral from La Fossa crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 85 (5): 665–672. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.69. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..665G. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/thermessaitenh4-nh42alf3so4-a-new-fumarole-mineral-from-la-fossa-crater-at-vulcano-aeolian-islands-italy/1F07ED1EE88D3811360389D20198B26D. 
  95. ↑ Balić-Žunić, Tonči; Garavelli, Anna; Mitolo, Donatella (1 July 2018). "Topsøeite, FeF3(H2O)3, a new fumarolic mineral from the Hekla Volcano, Iceland" (in en). European Journal of Mineralogy 30 (4): 841–848. doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2751. ISSN 0935-1221. Bibcode: 2018EJMin..30..841B. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/eurjmin/article/30/4/841/530863/Topsoeite-FeF3-H2O-3-a-new-fumarolic-mineral-from. 
  96. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Krivovichev, Sergey V.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. (1 April 2021). "Vasilseverginite, Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral with a hybrid structure containing novel anion-centered tetrahedral structural units". American Mineralogist 106 (4): 633–640. doi:10.2138/am-2020-7611. ISSN 0003-004X. Bibcode: 2021AmMin.106..633P. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/106/4/633/595710/Vasilseverginite-Cu9O4-AsO4-2-SO4-2-a-new. 
  97. ↑ Shablinskii, Andrey P.; Filatov, Stanislav K.; Vergasova, Lidyua P.; Avdontseva, Eugeniya Yu; Moskaleva, Svetlana V. (2018). "Wrightite, K2Al2O(AsO4)2, a new oxo-orthoarsenate from the Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia" (in en). Mineralogical Magazine 82 (6): 1243. doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.091. ISSN 0026-461X. Bibcode: 2018MinM...82.1243S. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mineralogical-magazine/article/wrightite-k2al2oaso42-a-new-oxoorthoarsenate-from-great-fissure-tolbachik-eruption-kamchatka-peninsula-russia/8448B3A372FD447DE776B23B9E092994. 
  98. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Siidra, Oleg I.; Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O.; Polekhovsky, Yury S.; Kartashov, Pavel M. (1 June 2018). "Ziminaite, Fe3+VO4, a new howardevansite-group mineral from the Bezymyannyi volcano, Kamchatka, Russia" (in en). Mineralogy and Petrology 112 (3): 371. doi:10.1007/s00710-017-0550-y. ISSN 1438-1168. Bibcode: 2018MinPe.112..371P. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00710-017-0550-y. 
  99. ↑ Pekov, Igor V.; Lykova, Inna; Koshlyakova, Natalia N.; Belakovskiy, Dmitry I.; Vigasina, Marina F.; Turchkova, Anna G.; Britvin, Sergey N.; Sidorov, Evgeny G. et al. (8 August 2020). "A new mineral species zincobradaczekite, NaCuCuZn2(AsO4)3, and a new isomorphous series bradaczekite–zincobradaczekite in the alluaudite group" (in en). Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 47 (8): 36. doi:10.1007/s00269-020-01104-8. ISSN 1432-2021. Bibcode: 2020PCM....47...36P. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00269-020-01104-8. 

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