Astronomy:List of hottest exoplanets

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This is a list of the hottest exoplanets so far discovered, specifically those with temperatures greater than 2,500 K (2,230 °C; 4,040 °F). For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F).

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Methods for finding temperature:

  • Teff: Measured effective temperature.
  • Teq: The temperature of the planet has not been measured, so it is listed with the calculated equilibrium temperature.
Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature (K) Mass Method Notes References
Artist's impression of KELT-9b orbiting KELT-9.jpg
 KELT-9b 4,643±26 2.88 Jupiter mass Teff Hottest known exoplanet, with a temperature comparable to K-type stars. [1]
Subaru AB Aur b.png
 AB Aurigae b 3,800 9-12 MJ [2][3]
Artist’s impression of 55 Cancri e.jpg
 55 Cancri e (Janssen) 3,771+669
−520 		7.99 M⊕ [4]
TOI-2109b 3,631±69 5.02 Jupiter mass [5]
WASP-189b 3,435±27 1.99 Jupiter mass [6]
TOI-1518b 3,237±59 <2.3 Jupiter mass [7]
WASP-103b 3,205±136 1.455 Jupiter mass [8]
KELT-16b 3,190±61 2.75 Jupiter mass [9]
The Pitch-Black Exoplanet WASP-12b.jpg
 WASP-12b 3,128±66 1.465 Jupiter mass This planet is so close to its parent star that its tidal forces are distorting it into an egg shape. [10]
WASP-33b 3,108±113 2.093 Jupiter mass [8]
WASP-18b 3,067±104 10.20 Jupiter mass [8]
MASCARA-1b 3,062±67 3.7 Jupiter mass [11]
HATS-70b 2,730+140
−160 		12.9 Jupiter mass Teq [12]
WASP-100b 2,710 2.03 Jupiter mass Teff [13]
HIP 78530 b 2,700±100 23 Jupiter mass Likely a brown dwarf. [14]
MASCARA-5b 2,700 3.12 Jupiter mass [15]
WASP-76 b (2020).png
 WASP-76b 2,670 (dayside) 0.92 Jupiter mass In this tidally locked planet where winds move 18,000 km/h, molten iron rains from the sky due to daytime temperatures exceeding 2,400 °C (2,670 K).[16][17] [18]
HAT-P-7b vs Jupiter ratio 1p64.png
 HAT-P-7b 2,667±57 1.682 Jupiter mass [19]
The Sub-Stellar Companion to GQ Lupi.jpg
 GQ Lupi b 2,650±100 20 Jupiter mass Likely a brown dwarf. [20]
TOI-2260 b 2,609±86 Teq [12]
Exoplanet Comparison CT Chamaeleontis b.png
 CT Chamaelontis b 2,600±250 17 Jupiter mass Teff Likely a brown dwarf. [21]
HAT-P-70b 2,562+43
−52 		6.78 Jupiter mass Teq [12]
Artist's conception of the Kepler-13AB (noirlab1906a).tiff
 Kepler-13b 2,550±80 (2277 °C) 9.78 Jupiter mass [12]
The following well-known planets are listed for the purpose of comparison.
Kepler10b artist.jpg
 Kepler-10b 2,130+60
−120 (1,857 °C) 		4.6 M⊕ Teq [22]
TrES-4.jpg
 TrES-4b 1,782±29 (1,509 °C) 0.919 Jupiter mass One of the largest known exoplanets. [23]
Artist’s impression of Corot-7b.jpg
 CoRoT-7b 1,756±27 (1,483 °C) 5.74 M⊕ [24]
Upsilon Andromedae b.jpg
 Upsilon Andromedae b (Saffar) 1,673 (1,400 °C) 1.7 Jupiter mass Teff [25][26]
WASP-17b.jpg
 WASP-17b (Ditsö̀) 1,550+170
−200 (1,277 °C) 		0.512 Jupiter mass With a density of about 0.08 g/cm³,[27] it is one of the puffiest exoplanets known. [28]
Oxygen and carbon discovered in extrasolar planet atmosphere blow-off.jpg
 HD 209458 b (Osiris) 1,499±15 (1,226 °C) 0.682 Jupiter mass [29][28]
TrES-2b.jpg
 TrES-2b 1,466±9 (1,193 °C) 1.253 Jupiter mass Teq The darkest exoplanet known, reflecting less than 1% its star's light. [30]
Beta Pictoris b.jpg
 Beta Pictoris b 1,451±15 (1,178 °C) 11.729 Jupiter mass [31][32]
Artist impression of the exoplanet 51 Pegasi b.jpg
 51 Pegasi b (Dimidium) 1,265 (992 °C) 0.46 Jupiter mass The first exoplanet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star.
Kepler-20e Planet.jpg
 Kepler-20e 1,004±14 (735 °C) <0.76 M⊕ The first planet smaller than Earth discovered after PSR B1257+12 b. [33]
PIA23791-Venus-RealAndEnhancedContrastViews-20200608 (cropped).jpg
 Venus (for reference) 735 (462 °C) 0.815 M⊕ Hottest planet in the Solar System. [34]

Unconfirmed candidates

These planet candidates have not been confirmed.

Image

(Or artistic representation)

Name Temperature (K) Mass Method Notes and references
Kepler-70b.png
 Kepler-70b 7,662 0.44 M⊕ Teq [lower-alpha 1]
Kepler-70c 6,807 0.655 M⊕ [lower-alpha 2]
Vega (star).jpg
 Vega b 3,250 21.9 M⊕ [35][lower-alpha 3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
  2. ↑ Assuming albedo of 0.1
  3. ↑ Assuming bond albedo of 0.25

References

  1. ↑ Jones, K. et al. (October 2022). "The stable climate of KELT-9b". Astronomy & Astrophysics 666: A118. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243823. Bibcode: 2022A&A...666A.118J. 
  2. ↑ Zhou, Yifan; Sanghi, Aniket; Bowler, Brendan P.; Wu, Ya-Lin; Close, Laird M.; Long, Feng; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Zhu, Zhaohuan et al. (2022-07-01). "HST/WFC3 Hα Direct-imaging Detection of a Pointlike Source in the Disk Cavity of AB Aur". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 934 (1): L13. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7fef. ISSN 2041-8205. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...934L..13Z. 
  3. ↑ Currie, Thayne; Lawson, Kellen; Schneider, Glenn; Lyra, Wladimir; Wisniewski, John; Grady, Carol; Guyon, Olivier; Tamura, Motohide et al. (June 2022). "Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae" (in en). Nature Astronomy 6 (6): 751–759. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01634-x. ISSN 2397-3366. Bibcode: 2022NatAs...6..751C. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-022-01634-x. 
  4. ↑ Mercier, Samson J. et al. (November 2022). "Revisiting the Iconic Spitzer Phase Curve of 55 Cancri e: Hotter Dayside, Cooler Nightside, and Smaller Phase Offset". The Astronomical Journal 164 (5): 204. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac8f22. Bibcode: 2022AJ....164..204M. 
  5. ↑ Wong, Ian et al. (December 2021). "TOI-2109: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit". The Astronomical Journal 162 (6): 256. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac26bd. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..256W. 
  6. ↑ Lendl, M. et al. (November 2020). "The hot dayside and asymmetric transit of WASP-189 b seen by CHEOPS". Astronomy & Astrophysics 643: A94. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038677. Bibcode: 2020A&A...643A..94L. 
  7. ↑ Cabot, Samuel H. C. et al. (November 2021). "TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in Its Atmosphere". The Astronomical Journal 162 (5): 218. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac1ba3. Bibcode: 2021AJ....162..218C. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Pass, Emily K. et al. (October 2019). "Estimating dayside effective temperatures of hot Jupiters and associated uncertainties through Gaussian process regression". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489 (1): 941–950. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2226. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.489..941P. 
  9. ↑ Mancini, L. et al. (January 2022). "The ultra-hot-Jupiter KELT-16 b: dynamical evolution and atmospheric properties". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509 (1): 1447–1464. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2691. Bibcode: 2022MNRAS.509.1447M. 
  10. ↑ Owens, Niall et al. (May 2021). "Phase curve and variability analysis of WASP-12b using TESS photometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 503 (1): L38–L46. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab014. Bibcode: 2021MNRAS.503L..38O. 
  11. ↑ Hooton, M. J. et al. (February 2022). "Spi-OPS: Spitzer and CHEOPS confirm the near-polar orbit of MASCARA-1 b and reveal a hint of dayside reflection". Astronomy & Astrophysics 658: A75. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141645. Bibcode: 2022A&A...658A..75H. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "Planetary Systems". https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS. 
  13. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (1995). "Catalogue of Exoplanets" (in en). Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/all_fields/. 
  14. ↑ Lachapelle, François-René et al. (March 2015). "Characterization of Low-mass, Wide-separation Substellar Companions to Stars in Upper Scorpius: Near-infrared Photometry and Spectroscopy". The Astrophysical Journal 802 (1): 61. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/802/1/61. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...802...61L. 
  15. ↑ "Scientists uncover a 'hellish' planet so hot it could vaporize most metals". CNET. April 27, 2021. https://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-uncover-a-hellish-planet-so-hot-it-could-vaporize-most-metals/. Retrieved April 27, 2021. 
  16. ↑ Ehrenreich, David; Lovis, Christophe; Allart, Romain; Osorio, María Rosa Zapatero; Pepe, Francesco; Cristiani, Stefano; Rebolo, Rafael; Santos, Nuno C. et al. (2020-04-30). "Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet". Nature 580 (7805): 597–601. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2107-1. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 32161364. Bibcode: 2020Natur.580..597E. 
  17. ↑ "Wasp-76b: The exotic inferno planet where it 'rains iron'" (in en-GB). 2020-03-11. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51828871. 
  18. ↑ "WASP 76b – A World with Iron Rain". March 17, 2020. https://cosmoquest.org/x/2020/03/wasp-76b-a-world-with-iron-rain/. 
  19. ↑ Wong, Ian; Knutson, Heather A.; Kataria, Tiffany; Lewis, Nikole K.; Burrows, Adam; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Schwartz, Joel; Shporer, Avi et al. (2016-06-01). "3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer Phase Curves of the Highly Irradiated Hot Jupiters WASP-19b and HAT-P-7b". The Astrophysical Journal 823 (2): 122. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/122. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...823..122W. 
  20. ↑ Neuhäuser, R. et al. (June 2008). "Astrometric and photometric monitoring of GQ Lupi and its sub-stellar companion". Astronomy and Astrophysics 484 (1): 281–291. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078493. Bibcode: 2008A&A...484..281N. 
  21. ↑ Schmidt, T. O. B. et al. (November 2008). "Direct evidence of a sub-stellar companion around CT Chamaeleontis". Astronomy and Astrophysics 491 (1): 311–320. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078840. Bibcode: 2008A&A...491..311S. 
  22. ↑ Esteves, Lisa J.; De Mooij, Ernst J. W.; Jayawardhana, Ray (2015-05-12). "Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres of Kepler Planets with High-Precision Photometry". The Astrophysical Journal 804 (2): 150. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...804..150E. 
  23. ↑ Daemgen, S.; Hormuth, F.; Brandner, W.; Bergfors, C.; Janson, M.; Hippler, S.; Henning, Th (May 2009). "Binarity of Transit Host Stars - Implications on Planetary Parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 498 (2): 567–574. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200810988. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2009A&A...498..567D. 
  24. ↑ Barros, S. C. C.; Almenara, J. M.; Deleuil, M.; Diaz, R. F.; Csizmadia, Sz.; Cabrera, J.; Chaintreuil, S.; Collier Cameron, A. et al. (2014-09-01). "Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level". Astronomy and Astrophysics 569: A74. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423939. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2014A&A...569A..74B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...569A..74B. 
  25. ↑ Piskorz, Danielle; Benneke, Björn; Crockett, Nathan R.; Lockwood, Alexandra C.; Blake, Geoffrey A.; Barman, Travis S.; Bender, Chad F.; Carr, John S. et al. (2017-08-01). "Detection of Water Vapor in the Thermal Spectrum of the Non-transiting Hot Jupiter Upsilon Andromedae b". The Astronomical Journal 154 (2): 78. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7dd8. ISSN 1538-3881. Bibcode: 2017AJ....154...78P. 
  26. ↑ Harrington, J.; Hansen, B.; Luszcz, S.; Seager, S.; Deming, D.; Menou, K.; Cho, J.; Richardson, L. J. (2006-10-27). "The phase-dependent Infrared brightness of the extrasolar planet upsilon Andromedae b". Science 314 (5799): 623–626. doi:10.1126/science.1133904. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17038587. Bibcode: 2006Sci...314..623H. 
  27. ↑ Anderson, D. R.; Hellier, C.; Gillon, M.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Smalley, B.; Hebb, L.; Cameron, A. Collier; Maxted, P. F. L. et al. (2010-01-20). "WASP-17b: an ultra-low density planet in a probable retrograde orbit". The Astrophysical Journal 709 (1): 159–167. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/709/1/159. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...709..159A. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Bonomo, A. S.; Desidera, S.; Benatti, S.; Borsa, F.; Crespi, S.; Damasso, M.; Lanza, A. F.; Sozzetti, A. et al. (June 2017). "The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N@TNG XIV. Investigating giant planet migration history via improved eccentricity and mass determination for 231 transiting planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics 602: A107. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629882. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2017A&A...602A.107B. 
  29. ↑ Zellem, Robert T.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Knutson, Heather A.; Griffith, Caitlin A.; Showman, Adam P.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Agol, Eric et al. (2014-07-02). "The 4.5 μm full-orbit phase curve of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b". The Astrophysical Journal 790 (1): 53. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/790/1/53. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...790...53Z. 
  30. ↑ Öztürk, Oǧuz; Erdem, Ahmet (2019-06-01). "New photometric analysis of five exoplanets: CoRoT-2b, HAT-P-12b, TrES-2b, WASP-12b, and WASP-52b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 486 (2): 2290–2307. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz747. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 2019MNRAS.486.2290O. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019MNRAS.486.2290O. 
  31. ↑ Chilcote, Jeffrey; Pueyo, Laurent; Rosa, Robert J. De; Vargas, Jeffrey; Macintosh, Bruce; Bailey, Vanessa P.; Barman, Travis; Bauman, Brian et al. (2017-03-28). "1–2.4μm Near-IR Spectrum of the Giant PlanetβPictoris b Obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager". The Astronomical Journal 153 (4): 182. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa63e9. ISSN 1538-3881. 
  32. ↑ Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; Vogt, Steven S.; Clement, Matthew S.; Tinney, C. G.; Cui, Kaiming; Aizawa, Masataka; Jones, Hugh R. A. et al. (2022-08-26). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 262 (1): 21. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F. 
  33. ↑ Bonomo, A. S.; Dumusque, X.; Massa, A.; Mortier, A.; Bongiolatti, R.; Malavolta, L.; Sozzetti, A.; Buchhave, L. A. et al. (2023-09-01). "Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems". Astronomy and Astrophysics 677: A33. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346211. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 2023A&A...677A..33B. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...677A..33B. 
  34. ↑ "Planet Compare". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planet-compare. 
  35. ↑ Rumenskikh, M. S.; Khodachenko, M. L.; Shaikhislamov, I. F.; Miroshnichenko, I. B.; Berezutsky, A. G.; Shepelin, A. V.; Dwivedi, N. K. (2023-09-19). "Mysterious non-detection of HeI (23S) transit absorption of GJ436b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: stad2846. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2846. ISSN 0035-8711. http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.11938. 



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