Biography:Audrey Stuckes

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Short description: English material scientist (1923–2006)


Audrey Stuckes

CPhys FInstP
William Waldegrave visiting the acoustic department at the University of Salford in 1981.jpg
Stuckes at the University of Salford in 1981
Born
Audrey Doris Stuckes

(1923-09-15)15 September 1923
Bristol, England
Died26 September 2006(2006-09-26) (aged 83)
Urmston, Trafford, Greater Manchester, England
Resting placeAltrincham Crematorium (ashes interred)
EducationColston's Girls' School, Montpelier, Bristol
Alma materNewnham College, University of Cambridge (1950 (1950): MA (Cantab), 1969 (1969): PhD)
AwardsPfeiffer scholarship (1942)
Scientific career
FieldsThermal and electrical conductivity
Institutions

Audrey Doris Jones CPhys FInstP (née Stuckes /stuːks/ (About this soundlisten); 15 September 1923 – 26 September 2006) was an English material scientist and a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at the University of Salford. She made important contributions to the theory of the Johnsen–Rahbek effect, the electrical and thermal conductivity of semiconductors, and the thermal resistance of building insulation. She was the only daughter of Frederick Stuckes, the general manager of a shipbroking firm, and was educated at Colston's Girls' School in Bristol. In 1942, she won a scholarship to study the Natural Sciences Tripos at Newnham College in the University of Cambridge.

Stuckes graduated in 1946 with a BA degree and joined Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford, as a graduate trainee in the research department. From 1953, she published a series of papers on the thermal and electrical conductivity of semiconductors. She proved the existence of the Johnsen‑Rahbek effect and proposed an electric circuit model to explain the data. In December 1962, she was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics, and in the following year, she left Metropolitan-Vickers to work as a lecturer in the department of pure and applied physics at the Royal College of Advanced Technology, Salford, that became the University of Salford in 1967.

In 1975, Stuckes, together with John Edwin Parrott, published a well-received textbook that reviewed the theory and experimental data on thermal conductivity in solids and semiconductors. By 1979, she was a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at Salford, and in the following year, she was in charge of the department's heat laboratory. The laboratory was supported by grants from, amongst others, the Science and Engineering Research Council and the Building Research Establishment. These grants funded studies to investigate the efficiency of insulating materials. She led a team to obtain experimental data that would allow builders to calculate a standard level of insulation. In 1982, she presented a television programme for the Open University that demonstrated the usefulness of these simple models of thermal conduction. She retired from the university in September 1988 and died after a long illness at a nursing home in Urmston, Trafford.

Early life

Stuckes was born on 15 September 1923 at Bristol, England, the only daughter of Frederick Stephen Stuckes and Beatrice May, née Cogan.[1][2] They had married on 8 January 1916 at St John the Baptist, Bedminster, Bristol.[1] Her father worked for Bethell, Gwyn, and Company (Bethell Gwyn), at 11 Baldwin Street, Bristol,[3] a shipbroking firm dealing mainly with Australasian trade.[4] During World War I, he volunteered as a sergeant in the 1/4th Battalion of the City of Bristol Rifles,[1] and on 27 June 1917, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment.[5] He relinquished his commission on 22 June 1918 after he became ill while on active service.[6]

After the war, Stuckes' father returned to Bethell Gwyn, and in March 1953, he was elected president of the Bristol Steamship Owners' Association.[7] He had been elected a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers in 1945,[4] and in August 1953, he was elected chair of the Bristol section of the institute.[8] In the 1950s, he was secretary to the Apsley Players,[9] a musical quintet based in Bristol.[10] In September 1956, he retired from Bethell Gwyn after forty-eight years of service.[11]

Stuckes' elder brother, Jack Stephen, was educated at Merrywood Grammar School, Knowle, Bristol,[12] and studied electrical engineering at the Merchant Venturers' Technical College, Bristol.[13] During World War II, he was a corporal in No. 34 Service Flying Training School of the Royal Air Force , based at the Royal Canadian Air Force station Medicine Hat in Alberta, Canada.[14][lower-alpha 1] At the end of the war, he took a position as a cashier and wages clerk for Christy Brothers,[17] an engineering company based at Bower Ashton in south west Bristol, that was contracted to the North Somerset Electricity Supply Company.[18]

Education

Colour photograph of the Grade II listed school building at Cheltenham Road, Montpelier, Bristol. The building is constructed from red bricks, with yellow brick and terracotta dressings, and a slate roof. The building is shown with three storeys and fourteen windows, facing a road with trees obscuring the view in the foreground.
Colston's Girls' School, Bristol, where Stuckes was educated

Stuckes was first educated at Merrywood primary school in Knowle, Bristol.[19] In June 1934, she gained a foundational boarding scholarship to Red Maids' School, Westbury-on-Trym.[20] She went on to study at Colston's Girls' School, Montpelier, Bristol, where, in July 1942, she passed her Higher School Certificate in natural sciences with a distinction in chemistry.[21] She was offered a Pfeiffer scholarship at Bedford College, University of London, and awarded a Gamble scholarship by the school of £50 a year (equivalent to £2,300 in 2019),[22] that was tenable at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, London, and at the Royal Free Hospital for Women.[23][lower-alpha 2]

However, instead of taking up the scholarship at Bedford, Stuckes entered Newnham College in the University of Cambridge,[24] to study the Natural Sciences Tripos.[25] In 1946, she graduated with a BA degree,[26] and in the same year, she was elected a student member of the Physical Society of London.[27] In 1950, she was elected an associate of the Institute of Physics and awarded an MA by Cambridge.[28]:6 In 1969, she returned to Cambridge to complete a PhD, and subsequently, she was elected to the senate of the university.[26]

Career

See § Selected publications for details of Stuckes' academic papers
Monochrome photograph of William Waldegrave's visit to the heat laboratory at the University of Salford in 1981. Waldegrave is shown stood with Stuckes, the then head of the laboratory, and John Ashworth. They are photographed behind a table holding anechoic poly blocks.
Stuckes meeting William Waldegrave (left) and vice-chancellor John Ashworth (right), at the University of Salford's heat laboratory in 1981

After leaving Cambridge, Stuckes joined Metropolitan-Vickers, Trafford, Greater Manchester, as a graduate trainee in the research department.[29] Metropolitan-Vickers was a British heavy industrial firm, known for manufacturing electrical equipment and generators, street lighting, and electronics.[30] The company had a relatively favourable attitude to placing graduate women in professional electrical engineering positions. For example, when Stuckes joined the company, Beryl Dent led the computation section and supervised the laboratory team that investigated the physical properties of semiconductors.[31]:232[32]:11 Stuckes collaborated with Dent on Stuckes' first published paper on the heating effects that occur when a current is passed through a semiconductor.[29] Dent suggested methods to solve the equations and computed the numerical integrations.[33]

From 1953, Stuckes published a series of papers on the thermal and electrical conductivity of semiconductors. In one such paper, she investigated the electrostatic force between polished plates of a semiconductor and a metal when placed in contact and a voltage applied.[34]:183 The force is caused by the free charge that accumulates between the semiconductor and metal surfaces.[35] This force, or attraction, is known as the Johnsen–Rahbek effect, and is proportional to the square of the applied voltage.[36]:59–60 Stuckes constructed a clutch that consisted of a plate of magnesium orthotitanate, a hard, ceramic semiconductor, that rubbed against a highly-polished steel plate.[37]:12 She proved the existence of the effect and proposed an electric circuit model to explain the data.[38]:59 She also found that abrasion at the contact surfaces caused the force to decrease as the number of operations increased.[36]:59–60

On 4 December 1962, Stuckes was elected a Fellow of the Institute of Physics,[39]:22 and in the following year, she left Metropolitan-Vickers to work as a lecturer in the department of pure and applied physics at the Royal College of Advanced Technology, Salford,[40] that became the University of Salford in 1967.[41]:198 In 1975, Stuckes, together with John Edwin Parrott, published a textbook that reviewed the theory and experimental data on thermal conductivity in solids and semiconductors. Parrott was a scientist at the Aldermaston Court research laboratory of Associated Electrical Industries (the then holding company of Metropolitan-Vickers), and later, professor of physics at University of Wales, Cardiff.[42] In 1956, he had obtained a PhD from the University of Reading on the thermal and thermoelectric properties of semiconductors.[43] Paul Gustav Klemens, late professor of physics at the University of Connecticut,[44] reviewed the book at the time of publication and stated that "[it] is most unique and valuable; the theoretical problem is very difficult, and nowhere is there such a good summary of the useful approximations and the salient results."[45]:61

The builder is putting the material in an environment that is different from the one in which the conductivity has been measured.

Stuckes, 7 February 1980 edition of the New Scientist

By 1979, Stuckes was a senior lecturer in the department of applied acoustics at Salford,[46] and in the following year, she was in charge of the department's heat laboratory.[47] The laboratory was supported by grants from the Polymer Engineering Directorate and the Building Subcommittee (she was a member of this committee in 1982)[48] of the Science and Engineering Research Council,[49] and the Building Research Establishment in the Department of the Environment.[47] These grants funded a study to investigate how moisture in cavity walls affects the surrounding insulation.[50] At the time, no one knew the exact efficiency of standard polymeric insulating materials as data was based on material in "dry" condition. Stuckes led a team to obtain experimental data that would allow builders to calculate a standard level of insulation.[50] The study concluded that heat transfer in buildings can be modelled adequately by simple, one-dimensional, steady state models.[51]

In 1982, Stuckes presented a television programme for the Open University that demonstrated the usefulness of these simple models of thermal conduction.[51][lower-alpha 3] The programme was first broadcast on BBC One in the morning of 3 May 1982 and formed part of the Open University's unit on heat transfer.[52][53] In the 1980s, she continued to publish research on the thermal properties of building materials. In one study with Anthony Simpson,[lower-alpha 4] they found that the shape of air inclusions within vermiculite concrete affected the thermal conductivity of the concrete.[55] This finding was explored further with British Petroleum and resulted in a joint patent being granted on a thermally insulating filler.[56] By May 1986, she was awarded Chartered Physicist status by the Institute of Physics, and by September 1988,[57] she had retired from her position at the university.[58]

Personal life and death

In retirement, Stuckes resided at 58 Carlton Road in Hale, Trafford.[59] In October 1947, she had become engaged to Douglas Perrin Jones, the eldest son of William Henry Perrin Jones of Port Sunlight, Wirral.[2] At the time of their engagement, Douglas was an electrical engineer in the research department at Metropolitan-Vickers.[60]:716 When they both worked there, he would assist in her research, including in 1953, an investigation into the heating effects that occur when a current is passed through a semiconductor.[33] After their marriage at Bristol in 1949,[61] she continued to use her maiden name in her academic life and scientific publications.[59]

Douglas retired in 1984 after 46 years' service as a research engineer with the General Electric Company. He died in hospital on 15 July 1995, aged 75 years, and his funeral service was held on 21 July 1995 at Altrincham Crematorium, Dunham Massey.[62] Stuckes died after a long illness on 26 September 2006, aged 83 years,[63] at Faversham Nursing Home, Urmston, Trafford.[64] Her funeral service was held at the same crematorium on 3 October 2006 and her ashes were later interred in the crematorium grounds.[63]

Academic conferences

The following table contains academic conferences where Stuckes was known to have organised the conference and/or read a paper.

Table of academic conferences
Dates Conference Sponsor Location Notes Ref.
1956–1956 Meeting on semiconductors Physical Society of London and British Thomson-Houston British Thomson-Houston Research Laboratories, Rugby, Warwickshire, England Reginald Chasmar and Stuckes presented their paper on the measurement of the thermal conductivity of semiconductors.[65] [66]
1960 – 1960 International conference on semiconductor physics UNESCO and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Reginald Chasmar, Eric Durham, and Stuckes presented their paper on the thermal and electrical properties of cadmium telluride and mercury telluride semiconductors.[67] [68]:70
1961–1961 Conference on thermoelectricity Institute of Physics University of Durham, Durham, England Stuckes presented her paper on measuring the thermal conductivity of semiconductors at high temperatures. [69]
1970–1970 Second conference on the thermophysical properties of solids at high temperatures Solid-state physics sub-committee of the Institute of Physics, in collaboration with the British Ceramic Society and the Society of Chemical Industry United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (now the headquarters of Sellafield Ltd), Risley, Warrington, England Stuckes was the organising scientific secretary. The topic of the conference was the thermodynamics and transport properties of high-temperature materials.[70]:4 The proceedings were reported in two issues of the International Journal of High Temperatures and Refractories.[71]:28 [72]:162

Selected publications

Books

Patents

Academic papers

Electrical and thermal conductivity of semiconductors

Thermal conductivity of building materials

See also


Footnotes

  1. ↑ Jack's wife, Georgina Winnifred, née Squires,[15] accompanied him to Medicine Hat but returned to England on 19 November 1944, after the station had closed on 17 November 1944.[16]
  2. ↑ The scholarship was granted in years when the Catherine Winkworth scholarship was not available.[23]
  3. ↑ See One-dimensional steady state heat transfer in the external links section for a video of the Open University programme presented by Stuckes.
  4. ↑ Simpson is the current head of the thermal laboratory at Salford.[54]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Marriages. Stuckes—Cogan" (in en). Clifton Society: p. 12. 13 January 1916. OCLC 751422515. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002164/19160113/072/0012. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Engagement. Jones—Stuckes" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 4. 29 October 1947. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000513/19471029/069/0004. 
  3. ↑ Arrowsmith‑Brown, James, ed (1915) (in en). Official Guide to the City of Bristol. Published with the Authority of the Lord Major and Corporation of the City and County of Bristol. Bristol: J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd. p. ix. OCLC 35576056. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Well Known in Local Shipping Circles. Death of Mr W. G. McCann" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 3. 27 December 1945. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19451227/036/0003. 
  5. ↑ "Territorial Force" (in en). The London Gazette (30185): p. 7110. 13 July 1917. OCLC 1013393168. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30185/supplement/7110. 
  6. ↑ "Territorial Force" (in en). The London Gazette (30755): pp. 7298–7299. 18 June 1918. OCLC 1013393168. https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30755/supplement/7298. 
  7. ↑ Duff, Peter, ed (11 March 1953). "Maritime News in brief" (in en). The Shipping World (London: The Shipping World Ltd) 128 (3115): 266. OCLC 40988441. "Shipbuilding and marine engineering news.". 
  8. ↑ Duff, Peter, ed (12 August 1953). "Norwegian Shipping and Shipbuilding" (in en). The Shipping World (London: The Shipping World Ltd) 129 (3137): 125. OCLC 40988441. "Shipbuilding and marine engineering news.". 
  9. ↑ Sharpe, Albert Percy, ed (March 1951). "Directory of B. M. & G. Clubs" (in en) (PDF). BMG (London: Clifford Essex Music Company) 158 (551): 139. ISSN 0005-321X. OCLC 1793000. https://www.classic-banjo.com/index.php?article_id=11&downloadpdf=195103#page=25. Retrieved 11 November 2022. "Banjo, mandolin, guitar.". 
  10. ↑ "Spotlight on Weston Entertainment. Show Picture No. 2" (in en). Bristol Evening Post: p. 7. 30 July 1953. OCLC 31282566. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000764/19530730/007/0007. 
  11. ↑ Wendon, William Henry James, ed (27 September 1956). "Retirement of Mr F. S. Stuckes" (in en). Fairplay (London: Fairplay Publications) 187 (3821): 734. ISSN 0014-6986. OCLC 16458142. 
  12. ↑ "First School Examination Pass List. Issued by University of Bristol" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 8. 8 August 1932. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19320808/100/0008. 
  13. ↑ "Merchant Venturers' Technical College. Evening Classes Students' Successes" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 4. 4 September 1936. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19360904/019/0004. 
  14. ↑ "Births. Stuckes" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 4. 21 April 1944. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19440421/085/0004. 
  15. ↑ "Announcements" (in en). The Kingston Whig-Standard: p. 30. 14 February 2006. ISSN 1197-4397. OCLC 1082207147. https://thewhig.remembering.ca/obituary/georgina-stuckes-1076094765. "Obituary also available at Newspapers.com." 
  16. ↑ "R.A.F. Wives Regret Leaving Bright Lights" (in en). Winnipeg Free Press: p. 17. 1 November 1944. ISSN 0828-1785. OCLC 1607085. https://newspaperarchive.com/winnipeg-free-press-nov-01-1944-p-17. 
  17. ↑ "Ex‑Servicemen's Appeal. Bristol Committee's Ruling" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 4. 15 November 1946. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19461115/069/0004. 
  18. ↑ Lamb, Peter; Lodge, Eric (August 2000) (in en). Histelec News (Supplement). Bristol: Western Power Electricity Historical Society. pp. 1–3. 
  19. ↑ "Schools' Swimming Successes. Bristol Scholars Gain Certificates. Girls" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 5. 13 October 1933. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19331013/059/0005. 
  20. ↑ "'Special Places' in Bristol Secondary Schools. Names of Successful Scholars. Red Maids' School" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 12. 2 June 1934. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19340602/129/0012. 
  21. ↑ "Bristol Higher School Certificate. July Examination Results. University List. Group IV. Natural Sciences – Pass" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 5. 1 August 1942. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19420801/079/0005. 
  22. ↑ "Colston's Girls' School. Value of Learning How to Work" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 3. 27 November 1945. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19451127/033/0003. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 (in en) The Schools of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland (47th ed.). Lansdown: Burrow's Scholastic Bureau. 1958. p. 149. OCLC 555468358. 
  24. ↑ "Items of Local News. Colston's Girls' School" (in en). Western Daily Press (Bristol): p. 3. 1 April 1942. OCLC 949912923. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19420401/046/0003. 
  25. ↑ (in en) Supplement for the year 1944‑45 to the Cambridge University Calendar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1944. p. 23. OCLC 499998003. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 (in en) The Cambridge University List of Members up to 31 July 1998. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2000. p. 614. ISBN 978-0-521-77754-4. OCLC 669103416. "Supplement up to 31 July 1998." 
  27. ↑ "Proceedings at meetings. Science meeting at the Royal Institution" (in en). Proceedings of the Physical Society (London: Physical Society of London) 58: xi. 1946. doi:10.1088/issn.0959-5309. ISSN 0959-5309. https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.232238/page/n14. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  28. ↑ "The Register. Elections to membership" (in en). Physics Bulletin (Bristol: IOP Publishing) 1 (1): 6. January 1950. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/3/1/008. ISSN 0031-9112. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Stuckes 1953, p. 570.
  30. ↑ "Metropolitan‑Vickers" (in en). Exeter: Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. 8 June 2022. https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Metropolitan-Vickers. 
  31. ↑ Black, Alistair; Muddiman, Dave; Plant, Helen (2007). "7. Women’s Employment in Industrial Libraries and Information Bureaux in Britain, c. 1918–1960" (in en). The Early Information Society: Information Management in Britain before the Computer. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 219–233. ISBN 978-0-7546-4279-4. OCLC 255622593. https://books.google.com/books?id=CcnOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT270. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  32. ↑ Dent, Beryl May (1957). Cowper-Coles, Constance Hamilton. ed. "Opportunities in the Metropolitan‑Vickers Electrical Company's Research Department for Girls of Good Scientific Education" (in en). The Woman Engineer. Autumn 1957 (London: Women's Engineering Society) 8 (6): 9–12. ISSN 0043-7298. https://twej.theiet.org/twej/WES_Vol_8a.html#page=151. Retrieved 21 November 2022. "Pages 151 to 154 in volume. First published by the Women's Employment Federation in Careers: A memorandum on openings and trainings for girls and women (1955).". 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Stuckes 1953, p. 587.
  34. ↑ Sawyer, John W. (February 1957). "Engineering Abstracts" (in en). Journal of the American Society of Naval Engineers (Washington: American Society of Naval Engineers) 69 (1): 181–185. doi:10.1111/j.1559-3584.1957.tb04065.x. Abstract number 13-57. ISSN 0099-7056. https://archive.org/details/sim_naval-engineers-journal_1957-02_69_1/page/183. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  35. ↑ Wang, Kesheng; Lu, Yijia; Cheng, Jia; Ji, Linhong (January 2019). "Prediction of residual clamping force for Coulomb type and Johnsen–Rahbek type of bipolar electrostatic chucks" (in en). Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science (London: SAGE Publishing) 233 (1): 302–312. doi:10.1177/0954406218756938. ISSN 0954-4062. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Holm, Ragnar; Holm, Else (1981) (in en). Electric Contacts (4th ed.). Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 57–60. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06688-1_12. ISBN 978-3-642-05708-3. "Completely rewritten edition." 
  37. ↑ Levermore, Geoffrey John (June 1975). Some interface phenomena associated with the Johnsen-Rahbek effect (PDF) (PhD). London: Imperial College London. pp. 1–226. hdl:10044/1/21071. OCLC 930651780. Template:BLCAT. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022. Supported by the Science Research Council.
  38. ↑ Shultz, Craig D.; Peshkin, Michael A.; Colgate, J. Edward (June 2015). Colgate, J. Edward. ed. 2015 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). Evanston: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. pp. 57–62. doi:10.1109/WHC.2015.7177691. ISBN 978-1-4799-6624-0. "22 to 26 June 2015, Northwestern University." 
  39. ↑ "The Register. Elections to membership" (in en). Physics Bulletin (Bristol: IOP Publishing) 14 (1): 22–24. January 1963. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/14/1/022. ISSN 0031-9112. 
  40. ↑ Stuckes & Farrell 1964, p. 477.
  41. ↑ Gordon, Colin (1975). "12. The Past is Prologue" (in en). The foundations of the University of Salford. Timperley: John Sherratt and Son. pp. 198–213. ISBN 978-0-85427-045-3. OCLC 2423934. https://archive.org/details/foundationsofuni0000gord/page/198. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  42. ↑ Karpeta, Lindsay, ed (1991) (in en). Who's who in Science in Europe: A Biographical Guide in Science, Technology, Agriculture, and Medicine. 1 (7th ed.). Harlow: Longman Group UK. p. 510. ISBN 978-0-582-08659-3. OCLC 25062989. 
  43. ↑ Parrott, John Edwin (1956). "A thesis entitled thermal and thermoelectric properties of semiconductors" (in en). Reading: University of Reading. https://rdg.ent.sirsidynix.net.uk/client/en_GB/library/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ILS$002f0$002fSD_ILS:830928/ada?d=ent%3A%2F%2FSD_ILS%2F0%2FSD_ILS%3A830928%7EILS%7E0&h=7. 
  44. ↑ Pohl, Robert Otto (6 September 2012). "Obituary of Paul Klemens (1925–2012)" (in en). Physics Today (College Park: American Institute of Physics). doi:10.1063/PT.4.1730. ISSN 0031-9228. 
  45. ↑ Klemens, Paul Gustav (February 1977). "Review: Thermal Conductivity of Solids" (in en). Physics Today (College Park: American Institute of Physics) 30 (2): 60–61. doi:10.1063/1.3037419. ISSN 0031-9228. Bibcode: 1977PhT....30b..60P. "Review of Thermal conductivity of solids (1975) by Parrott and Stuckes.". 
  46. ↑ Stewart, J. P. (3 November 1979). "British Insulation Fiber Tests Raises Questions" (in en). National Glass Budget (Pittsburgh: The Reporter) 94 (21): 8. ISSN 0262-4079. OCLC 2378350. https://archive.org/details/sim_national-glass-budget_1979-11-03_94_21/page/n7. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Stuckes, Audrey Doris (December 1981). "Letters. Approved laboratories" (in en). Physics Bulletin (Bristol: IOP Publishing) 32 (12): 379. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/32/12/002. ISSN 0031-9112. 
  48. ↑ (in en) Report of the Council for the Year 1982 – 1983. Swindon: Science and Engineering Research Council. 1982. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-901660-55-8. OCLC 820809484. 
  49. ↑ "Notice Board. Salford. Applied Acoustics" (in en). The Times Higher Education Supplement (London) (379): p. 21. 25 January 1980. ISSN 0049-3929. OCLC 60626042. https://archive.org/details/TESGlobal1980UKEnglish/Jan%2025%201980%2C%20The%20Times%20Higher%20Educational%20Supplement%2C%20%23379%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n10. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 Kenward, Michael Ronald John, ed (7 February 1980). "Technology. Builders' backs to the wall to save energy" (in en). New Scientist (London: IPC Magazines) 85 (1193): 400. ISSN 0027-9390. OCLC 2448920. https://books.google.com/books?id=T1AeAhU6oHQC&pg=PAPA400. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 Fendrich, Richard (1994). "3. Television programme notes" (in en). Unit 12 Heat transfer. Mathematical models and methods. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. p. 14. MST204. ISBN 978-0-335-14041-1. OCLC 915807180. https://archive.org/details/heattransfer0000unse_r1e4/page/14. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  52. ↑ "Open University" (in en). Radio Times (London: BBC) 235 (3051): 39. 29 April 1982. ISSN 0961-8872. OCLC 265408915. https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/b71d82b23d994c04e85b29c07a70a10f. Retrieved 18 November 2022. 
  53. ↑ "Module MST204/12. One dimensional steady state heat transfer" (in en). Milton Keynes: Open University. 2021. https://www.open.ac.uk/library/digital-archive/program/video:FOUM103H. 
  54. ↑ "Anthony Simpson, School of Science, Engineering and Environment" (in en). Salford: University of Salford. 2022. https://www.salford.ac.uk/our-staff/anthony-simpson. 
  55. ↑ Simpson & Stuckes 1987, p. 4.
  56. ↑ Simpson & Stuckes 1984.
  57. ↑ Simpson & Stuckes 1986, p. 78.
  58. ↑ Simpson, Stuckes & Napora 1988, p. 159.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 Green, Jean Mary, ed (1964) (in en). Directory of British Scientists. London: Ernest Benn. p. 1450. Template:BLCAT. OCLC 225679090. 
  60. ↑ Brownlee, Leonard Dunkerley; Mitchell, Edward William John (September 1952). "On the variations of lattice parameters of some semiconducting oxides" (in en). Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B (London: Physical Society of London) 65 (9): 710–716. doi:10.1088/0370-1301/65/9/308. ISSN 0370-1301. Bibcode: 1952PPSB...65..710B. "Communicated by Brian Andrew Graham Churcher. Paper received 28 April 1952.". 
  61. ↑ Geer, David (March 1949). "Marriage record of Stuckes and Jones" (in en). Bishop's Stortford: Office for National Statistics. https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=RfTWKe4wGERaAThiao30Dg&scan=1. 
  62. ↑ "Deaths" (in en). Manchester Evening News. 18 July 1995. ISSN 0962-2276. OCLC 500150526. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004985/19950718/018/0018. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 "Announcements. Deaths. Jones, Audrey Doris" (in en). The Daily Telegraph (London): p. 26. 30 September 2006. 16347876. ISSN 0841-7180. OCLC 1081089956. https://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/deaths/4391/jones. 
  64. ↑ Altrincham Crematorium (3 October 2006) (in en). Cremation Register (Transcription). Altrincham: Trafford Council. Entry number 71870. https://www.deceasedonline.com/servlet/GSDOSearch?DetsView=Summary&src=ext&fileid=5527899. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  65. ↑ Stuckes & Chasmar 1956, p. 119.
  66. ↑ "Scientists' Visit. Conference at B.T.H." (in en). Rugby Advertiser: p. 9. 13 April 1956. ISSN 0962-3027. OCLC 1064417735. https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001934/19560413/153/0009. 
  67. ↑ Chasmar, Durham & Stuckes 1961, p. 1018.
  68. ↑ "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). International conference on Semiconductor Physics" (in en). United Nations Review (New York: United Nations Office of Public Information) 7 (4): 70. September 1960. OCLC 466093798. https://archive.org/details/sim_united-nations-review_1960-09_7_3/page/70. Retrieved 11 November 2022. 
  69. ↑ Stuckes 1961, p. 675.
  70. ↑ Southworth, Brian, ed (November 1969). "Meetings" (in en). Europhysics News (Geneva: European Physical Society) 1 (6): 4–5. doi:10.1051/epn/19690106004. ISSN 0531-7479. Bibcode: 1969ENews...1f...4.. 
  71. ↑ Assael, Marc J.; Righini, Francesco; Maglić, Kosta D. (December 2017). "European Conference on Thermophysical Properties: The First 50 Years (1968 to 2018)" (in en). International Journal of Thermophysics (Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media) 39 (2): 25–37. doi:10.1007/s10765-017-2346-z. ISSN 1572-9567. Bibcode: 2018IJT....39...25A. 
  72. ↑ "People and events" (in en). Physics Bulletin (Bristol: IOP Publishing) 20 (5): 161–164. May 1969. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/20/5/001. ISSN 0031-9112. 

Bibliography

  • Dent, Beryl May (1955) (in en). Careers: A memorandum on openings and trainings for girls and women (17th ed.). London: Women's Employment Federation. Template:BLCAT. OCLC 30187377. 

Further reading

External links



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