Physics:Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg

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Short description: Factory in Grünheide, Germany
Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg
Giga Berlin-Brandenburg under construction in Grünheide, on the left edge of the Berliner Ring, with the Freienbrink industrial park in the back
Giga Berlin-Brandenburg under construction in Grünheide, October 2021
Built2019–2021
Operated22 March 2022
LocationGrünheide, Brandenburg, Germany
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 52°24′N 13°48′E / 52.4°N 13.8°E / 52.4; 13.8
IndustryAutomotive industry
ProductsTesla Model Y
Employees10,000+
Area3 km2 (1.2 sq mi)
Owner(s)Tesla, Inc.
Freienbrink industrial estate and construction site in April 2020
Grünheide, Tesla construction site in the background

Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg (also known as Giga Berlin or Gigafactory 4)[1] is a manufacturing plant for Tesla, Inc. in Grünheide, Brandenburg, Germany.[2][3][4][5] The campus is located 35 kilometres (20 mi) south-east of central Berlin and some 8 kilometres (5 mi) southeast of the Berlin state boundary at Erkner and Rahnsdorf. Proximity to Berlin Brandenburg Airport (about 20 km or 12 mi west) was explicitly cited as a factor in choosing the site. It is Tesla's first manufacturing location in Europe.[6]

The facility and its Brandenburg location were announced by Tesla CEO Elon Musk on November 12, 2019, at the Das Goldene Lenkrad award show. The factory is planned to produce batteries, battery packs and powertrains for use in Tesla vehicles, and also assemble the Tesla Model Y, with a proposed start of production in 2021.[7][3] Construction work had already begun by early 2020 with site preparation and foundation work underway.[8] According to a January 2020 publication by the local environmental agency, the factory was expected to begin operations in July 2021.[9] It was delayed due to administrative troubles. However, the "Giga Fest" celebration of completion was held in October 2021.[10] On 22 March 2022, the factory was officially opened.[11][12]

History

Planning and locating (2015–2018)

Initial discussion of a Tesla gigafactory in Europe occurred as early as 2015.[13] The factory was then thought to be a combined electric battery manufacturing facility and automobile factory.[14][15] In 2016, Tesla was anticipating to announce the factory in 2017.[16][17]

The factory had earlier been occasionally referred to as "Gigafactory 2" prior to 22 February 2017, when Tesla began to refer to the SolarCity Gigafactory in Buffalo, New York as Gigafactory 2. By 2017, the Europe Gigafactory was expected to be named either Gigafactory 4 or 5.[18][19] In November 2019, it became Gigafactory 4[20] and then Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg.

More than ten European countries had campaigned to have the factory located within their jurisdictions.[21][22]

  • In April 2016, a French minister suggested turning the soon to be shuttered Fessenheim Nuclear Power Plant into Gigafactory 2,[23][24][25] supported by two ministers.[26][27]
  • The Dutch minister of economic affairs, Henk Kamp, announced plans to attract Tesla later in 2016,[28] and campaigned for the plant at several locations.[29] They promoted the idea of synergy with the European headquarters of Tesla, already located in the Netherlands, which is a finishing plant.[30]
  • The Czech Republic near Prague was reported as a possibility in 2016. A nearby 330,000 tonnes (360,000 tons) lithium deposit was thought a relevant factor, at the time.[31]
  • Germany's then-federal minister for economic affairs and energy, Sigmar Gabriel, stated that Tesla was in talks with the government during 2015 over a Gigafactory there.[13] Authorities, companies and over 100,000 citizens in the Lower Lusatia region (100 km (62 mi) southeast of Berlin, near the Germany–Poland border) urged Tesla to consider siting a factory in the region, close to the Czech lithium. They suggested the EuroSpeedway Lausitz for drive tests, along with Dekra.[32]
  • Portugal pursued the plant in 2016 with an internet campaign and governmental negotiations.[33][34] Portugal has the largest lithium reserves in Europe.[35]
  • Paterna, Spain[36] was also in pursuit of being selected by late 2016.[37][22]
  • Finland 's city of Vaasa announced a government supported initiative to attract the factory in 2016, citing both nearby lithium carbonate deposits, a large refinery for cobalt and an annual 50,000-tonne nickel production.[38][39][40]
  • Lithuania drew the attention of Tesla[41][non-primary source needed] in January 2017 when the local gaming community united to recreate the potential Gigafactory in the virtual world of Minecraft.[42]
  • The Estonian government was also pursuing Tesla to be selected, claiming a good geographical and logistical location, plus 140 MW renewable energy with total control over the pricing for the factory in PAKRI Smart Industrial City at Pakri Peninsula.[43][44]

There was intense competition among European countries to host the Gigafactory because of its expected significant contribution to the economy. The sprawling facility, which is expected to be one of the largest manufacturing lines in Europe, will need a considerable number of employees despite many highly automated processes. There is also a concerted effort in the region to encourage battery manufacturing since it is viewed as a strategic economic measure due to an increasing global transition towards renewable energy.[45] A 2018 report revealed, for instance, that the world will need at least 25 more gigafactories by 2025.[46] The projected uptick in demand for electric cars and in-home power storage systems is causing concern about a European fuel dependency on Asia, which, as of early 2018, accounted for 88 per cent of global battery manufacturing capacity.[47] By 2018, European governments were providing subsidies and incentives to companies like Tesla as well as local battery manufacturing startups like Northvolt and TerraE to build production infrastructure within its borders.[48] According to Matthias Machnig, state secretary at the German economy ministry:

We are in the center of the biggest and deepest change in the automotive industry since its beginning. We would be naïve to think we can handle battery technology as a commodity that can be bought anywhere in the world.[47]

Construction and opening (2019–2021)

On 12 November 2019, the selection of the Brandenburg location for the Gigafactory 4 facility was officially announced by Tesla CEO Elon Musk on at the Das Goldene Lenkrad award show, held in Berlin. Giga Berlin is expected to produce batteries, battery packs and powertrains for use in Tesla vehicles. It will also do assembly of the Tesla Model Y, which had been previously announced for Gigafactory 4 in March 2019. Construction of the facility was then planned to begin in early 2020, with a proposed start of production in late 2021.[7][3] Musk also announced the establishment of a new design and development centre in nearby Berlin.[49]

By February 2020, environmental challenges had been cleared in court decisions which allowed vegetation on the site to begin being cleared.[50]

Construction work had begun by May 2020 with initial foundation work underway, the set up of the first four construction cranes, and the beginning of the arrival of trainloads of building materials including pillars and beams.[8] Musk has stated the construction will come together at an "impossible-seeming speed" due to the use of prefabricated construction techniques.[51]

On 9 October 2021, Tesla held the Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg County Fair where they invited 9000 local guests to tour the factory.[52]

Approval and production (2022–)

In March 2022, the government of Brandenburg granted Giga Berlin-Brandenburg its final environmental approval.[53] However, the approval did not give Tesla the capacity to immediately start.[54] On 22 March 2022, Giga Berlin was officially opened. Several protesters gathered outside the facility to raise their concerns.[11][12] By 29 April, the factory started to produce Model Y Performance with 2170-cells.[55] Later in December it was reported December that the company faced issues with filling positions, working conditions, retaining trained employees, and a high level of absenteeism at the factory.[56][57]

The ramp-up of Gigafactory Berlin has been meticulously tracked and made easily known through Tesla Inc. publicly announcing the factory's achievements once accomplished.

On June 17, 2022, Gigafactory Berlin reached a run rate of 1,000 units a week.[58]

On October 1, 2022, Gigafactory Berlin reached a run rate of 2,000 units a week[59]

On December 18, 2022, Gigafactory Berlin reached a run rate of 3,000 units a week.[60]

On February 26, 2023, Gigafactory Berlin reached a run rate of 4,000 units a week.[61]

On March 25, 2023, Gigafactory Berlin reached a run rate of 5,000 units a week.[62]

Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg description

Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg will manufacture batteries, battery packs, powertrains and seats with work including casting, stamping, painting, drivetrain assembly and final assembly of Model Y and future models with an annual capacity eventually reaching 500,000 cars.[9][63] Initial production will be of the Tesla Model Y.[64][3] The expected cost for the factory is around €4 billion.[65]

Site description

The campus is 35 kilometres (20 mi) south-east of central Berlin on the Berlin–Wrocław railway, which forms the north border of the site between Erkner station and Fangschleuse railway station; and the A10 motorway, which forms the west border.[66][67]

Extending north from the 1-square-kilometre (0.4 sq mi) "GVZ Freienbrink" logistics centre,[68][69][70] the area was an undeveloped 3-square-kilometre (1.2 sq mi) greenfield land site designated industrial zone.[71] It was planned as a location for a BMW car factory around the year 2000, but BMW chose Saxony instead.[72] Much larger pine plantations in a landscape-scale conservation[73] surrounds Freienbrink. A state-owned man-made forest of low-quality monoculture harvest-ready planted pine[74][75] trees occupied the site, and authorities expected Tesla to mitigate felling by planting new trees of more diverse variety.[76][77][78] 160 hectares of plantation was cleared for the factory, and by 2022, 265 hectares of new multiple-species forest had been planted elsewhere. The pine plantation is planned to be upgraded with more species.[79]

Old ordnance complicated site clearing,[80][81] and seven bombs (85 kg total) were disposed in a controlled explosion on 26 January 2020.[82]

The site also interrupts the route of the Old Postal Road (Grünheide Alte Poststraße).[83]

Purchase contract on the land was expected to be completed in December 2019.[84] In December 2019, Tesla clarified an expected European Gigafactory production rate of approximately 500,000 vehicles per year.[85][86] Tesla was to pay €13.50 per square metre for the 300-hectare (740-acre) site, to the sum of ~€41 million.[87] In January 2020 German media reported that Tesla had approved the contract to buy the land for €41 million;[88][89] Tesla signed the contract and the state notarised the contract on 29 January 2020.[90]

The environment report indicates that the ground is valley sand, and contains some pollution with heavy metals.[91]

In July 2020, Elon Musk tweeted a picture of what the finalised Berlin-Brandenburg Gigafactory would look like.

Logistics

The current water supply (from Strausberg-Erkner) is sufficient for the first phase of a quarter million cars, but the second (to half a million cars) and third (to 3–4 million cars) phases need further water supply.[77] Water purification is to be supplied by distillation and reverse osmosis.[92] Additional facilities will include a waste water treatment plant with a capacity of 252 cubic metres per hour (8,900 cu ft/h), a central supply building, an area for in- and outgoing deliveries (rail and truck) as well as employee parking lots.[9][93]

Some of the reasons for choosing Brandenburg were that the industrial site is expandable, the state has the highest production of green power per citizen in Germany, and there are qualified workers in the area.[94] Suppliers also set up facilities in the area.[95]

Site concerns

The project is subject to a number of concerns, including potential impacts to the water supply and local wildlife, and about proper wastewater disposal.[96] In the public hearing in Stadthalle Erkner protesters were concerned that the chemicals in the factory pose a violation of the AwSV §49, which means that the plans for the factory must be stopped.[97] Among the forest residents are reptiles, ants and birds which must be relocated before felling. There may be an endangered species of bat;[98] the district forester who planted trees says the bats prefer trees older than 80 years to roost in them.[74]

A group of neighbouring municipalities formed in December 2019 to handle issues like traffic, infrastructure and residential developments.[99]

Unexploded WWII-era bombs are commonly found in German ground, and 85 kg were disposed at the site in January 2020.[82][100][101]

On 9 April 2020, Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten (also known as The PNN) reported the soil in the foundation area is sandy, therefore requiring a different type of foundation than what was planned. According to the report, the changes are not simple. Tesla will need to update their application with the local government, probably requiring a public hearing.[102][103][needs update]

On 15 October 2020, Associated Press reported that the German utility company WSE was shutting off water to the construction site due to unpaid bills.[104] The bill was paid and the water was restored the next day.[105]

Incidents

On 26 September 2022, a fire broke out at the factory after 800 m3 (1,050 cu yd) of cardboard and wood caught fire in the factory's recycling facility.[106] The fire brigades of the municipality of Grünheide were called at 3:33 a.m. by the Tesla plant fire brigade. 50 firefighters was dispatched, which fought the fire until close to 8:00 am.[107] No injuries were reported.[108] Criticisms came from groups opposing the factory construction, such as the citizens' initiatives and the Strausberg Erkner Water Board (WSE), which called for an immediate stop of Giga Berlin's vehicle production.[109][110][111]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (25 January 2020). "Going with nomenclature of Giga [most widely understood location name vs Giga #, so Giga Shanghai, Giga Nevada, Giga New York & Giga Berlin"]. https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1220943367753699329. 
  2. ↑ Sandra, Enkhardt (13 November 2019). "Tesla approves purchase contract for European Gigafactory, just outside of Berlin". PV Magazine. https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2020/01/21/tesla-approves-purchase-contract-for-european-gigafactory-just-outside-of-berlin/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lambert, Fred (13 November 2019). "Tesla to focus on Model Y, batteries, and powertrains at Gigafactory 4 in Europe". https://electrek.co/2019/11/13/tesla-model-y-batteries-powertrains-gigafactory-4-europe/. 
  4. ↑ "Elon Musk will Tesla-Werk in Brandenburg bauen" (in de). Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten. 12 November 2019. https://m.pnn.de/brandenburg/in-gruenheide-im-landkreis-oder-spree-elon-musk-will-tesla-werk-in-brandenburg-bauen/25220358.html. 
  5. ↑ Kane, Mark (19 June 2020). "Tesla Giga Berlin Construction Progress: June 18, 2020". https://insideevs.com/news/429670/tesla-giga-berlin-progress-june-18-2020/. 
  6. ↑ "Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg" (in en). https://www.tesla.com/giga-berlin. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Morgan, Sam (13 November 2019). "Tesla chooses Berlin for European gigafactory". euractiv. https://www.euractiv.com/section/electric-cars/news/tesla-chooses-berlin-for-european-gigafactory/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Tesla Giga Berlin's building structure is about to begin construction, 26 June 2020.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Errichtung und Betrieb einer Anlage für den Bau und die Montage von Elektrofahrzeugen mit einer Kapazität von jeweils 100.000 Stück oder mehr je Jahr am Standort 15537 Grünheide (Mark)" (in de). Potsdam: Landesamtes für Umwelt. 3 January 2020. p. 3. https://bravors.brandenburg.de/br2/sixcms/media.php/76/Amtsblatt%201_20.pdf. 
  10. ↑ "Tesla holds 'Giga Fest' at disputed German factory". 9 October 2021. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211009-tesla-holds-giga-fest-at-disputed-german-factory. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Tesla: Elon Musk opens delayed 'gigafactory' in Berlin" (in en-GB). BBC News. 22 March 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60835389. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Shead, Sam (22 March 2022). "Elon Musk breaks out the dance moves as he opens new Tesla factory in Germany" (in en). CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/22/gigafactory-berlin-tesla-ceo-elon-musk-opens-electric-vehicle-plant.html. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Gordon-Bloomfield, Nikki (17 November 2015). "Tesla Motors in Discussion with German Government Over European Gigafactory, Says German Politician". https://mundoeco.co.uk/2020/07/como-sera-la-fabrica-sostenible-de-tesla-en-berlin/. 
  14. ↑ Gibbs, Samuel (8 November 2016). "Tesla announces new gigafactory in European expansion". https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/nov/08/tesla-adds-german-firm-grohmann-to-european-operations. 
  15. ↑ Elon Musk opens the Tesla Gigafactory. Tesla. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2017 – via YouTube.
  16. ↑ Fred Lambert (8 November 2016). "Tesla plans to choose location for 'Gigafactory 2' in Europe next year, will produce both batteries and cars". Electrek. https://electrek.co/2016/11/08/tesla-location-gigafactory-2-europe-2017-both-batteries-and-cars/. 
  17. ↑ Beckwith, Jimi (9 November 2016). "Tesla to build European Gigafactory". Autocar (UK). http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/tesla-build-european-gigafactory. 
  18. ↑ Tesla christens Buffalo solar factory 'Gigafactory 2', will finalize locations of Gigafactory 3, 4 and possibly 5 this year , Electrek, 22 February 2017
  19. ↑ "Tesla Fourth Quarter & Full Year 2016 Update". Tesla Inc.. Palo Alto. 22 February 2017. http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ABEA-4CW8X0/3853068125x0x929284/22C29259-6C19-41AC-9CAB-899D148F323D/TSLA_Update_Letter_2016_4Q.pdf. 
  20. ↑ "Elon Musk: Tesla is going to build Gigafactory 4 in Berlin area". Electrek. 12 November 2019. http://electrek.co/2019/11/12/tesla-gigafactory-4-berlin-germany/. 
  21. ↑ "World's Nations Jockeying To Get Next Tesla Gigafactory (Videos)". CleanTechnica. 5 December 2016. https://cleantechnica.com/2016/12/05/worlds-nations-jockeying-get-next-tesla-gigafactory-video/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Dom Galeon (1 December 2016). "The World's Nations Are Fighting Over Tesla". Futurism.com. https://futurism.com/the-worlds-nations-are-fighting-over-tesla/. 
  23. ↑ Alyssa Newcomb (6 April 2016). "France Courts Tesla With Idea of Turning Old Nuclear Plant into a Factory". ABC News (USA). https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/france-courts-tesla-idea-turning-nuclear-plant-factory/story?id=38193899. 
  24. ↑ "Fessenheim: Royal suggère la mutation de la centrale en usine Tesla" (in fr). France: LCP National Assembly. 5 April 2016. http://www.lcp.fr/afp/fessenheim-royal-suggere-la-mutation-de-la-centrale-en-usine-tesla. 
  25. ↑ Alsace is ready for Tesla. BlackBlitz. 8 March 2016. Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2017 – via YouTube.
  26. ↑ Marie Mawad and Helene Fouquet (6 January 2017). "France's Economy Minister Visits Tesla in Bid to Woo Musk". Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-01-06/france-s-economy-minister-in-bid-to-woo-elon-musk-s-tesla. 
  27. ↑ Lambert, Fred (8 January 2017). "The race to get 'Tesla Gigafactory 2' heats up, French Minister visits Fremont factory". Electrek. https://electrek.co/2017/01/08/tesla-gigafactory-2-french-minister/. 
  28. ↑ "Minister Kamp: 'Nieuwe Tesla-fabriek moet in Nederland komen'" (in nl). Autovisie.nl. 29 November 2016. http://autovisie.nl/2016/11/nieuws/minister-kamp-tesla-fabriek-in-nederland/. 
  29. ↑ Campbell, Angela (12 January 2017). "Tesla Motors Inc (TSLA) Looks at Three New Dutch Suitors For Gigafactory 2". The Country Caller. http://www.thecountrycaller.com/57978-tesla-motors-inc-tsla-looks-at-three-new-dutch-suitors-for-gigafactory-2/. 
  30. ↑ "Kabinet gaat zich sterk maken voor binnenhalen Tesla-fabriek" (in nl). NU. Netherlands. 29 November 2016. http://www.nu.nl/economie/4357862/kabinet-gaat-zich-sterk-maken-binnenhalen-tesla-fabriek.html. 
  31. ↑ Webb, Russell Adam (17 November 2016). "New Tesla Gigafactory Looks at Prague, Czech Republic". https://spaceinvader.me/2016/11/17/new-tesla-gigafactory-looks-at-prague-czech-republic/. "Some sources close to TSI have revealed that whilst nothing has been set in stone, there is a high chance of Tesla locating its new Gigafactory just north of Prague, Czech Republic." 
  32. ↑ "Tesla-Fabrik in Aussicht, Standort gesucht". https://wirtschaftsregion-lausitz.de/de/news_/news/artikel-tesla-fabrik-in-aussicht-standort-gesucht.html. 
  33. ↑ Carneiro, José (15 November 2016). "España y Portugal batallan por la futura "gigafactoría" de Tesla en Europa" (in es). http://www.farodevigo.es/economia/2016/11/15/espana-portugal-batallan-futura-gigafactoria/1570476.html. 
  34. ↑ "Tesla in talks over 'giga-factory' in Portugal". New Algarve Daily News. 18 November 2016. http://algarvedailynews.com/news/10403-tesla-in-talks-over-giga-factory-in-portugal. 
  35. ↑ "Mineral Commidty Summaries 2017". p. 105. https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2017/mcs2017.pdf. 
  36. ↑ Hanley, Steve (30 May 2016). "'Spain Loves Tesla' campaign aims to lure Tesla Factory". http://www.teslarati.com/spain-loves-tesla-campaign-aims-lure-tesla-factory/. 
  37. ↑ Lambert, Fred (29 November 2016). "Tesla Gigafactory 2: several countries launch efforts to attract Tesla's new electric car & battery plant". https://electrek.co/2016/11/29/tesla-gigafactory-2-countries-launch-efforts/. 
  38. ↑ "Why one Finnish city thinks it's ideal for next Tesla Gigafactory". Green Car Reports. 6 December 2016. http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1107613_why-one-finnish-city-thinks-its-ideal-for-next-tesla-gigafactory. 
  39. ↑ "Vaasa has the vision and the ecosystem for a gigafactory, and much more". https://www.gigafactory.fi/. 
  40. ↑ "Ministry: Vaasa competing for Tesla Gigafactory in Finland". Yle Uutiset. 26 January 2017. http://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/ministry_vaasa_competing_for_tesla_gigafactory_in_finland/9423510. 
  41. ↑ "Tesla on Twitter" (in en). https://twitter.com/TeslaMotors/status/827625582179602433. 
  42. ↑ Gigafactory LT (2 February 2017), Minecraft Tesla Gigafactory in Lithuania, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cs3TjrNTflY, retrieved 4 February 2017 
  43. ↑ "PAKRI Smart Industrial City". http://teslacountry.com/. 
  44. ↑ "Estonia Makes Bid For Next Tesla Gigafactory – "If Tesla were a country, it would probably be Estonia."". 12 April 2017. http://insideevs.com/estonia-bid-tesla-gigafactory/. 
  45. ↑ "Elon Musk's former employee is building a European rival to Tesla's gigafactory" (in en-US). Futurism. 15 February 2018. https://futurism.com/elon-musks-former-employee-is-building-a-european-rival-to-teslas-gigafactory/. 
  46. ↑ "World will need 'at least' 10 more EV battery gigafactories by 2025" (in en). 30 May 2018. https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/industry/world-will-need-%E2%80%98-least%E2%80%99-10-more-ev-battery-gigafactories-2025. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Europe powers up in battery contest with Asia" (in en-US). Politico. 12 February 2018. https://www.politico.eu/article/europe-battery-contest-with-asia-china-japan-south-korea/. 
  48. ↑ "Europe's plan to create its own Gigafactory might backfire" (in en-US). Handelsblatt Global Edition. 13 February 2018. https://global.handelsblatt.com/companies/europe-gigafactory-tesla-auto-vw-mercedes-886714. 
  49. ↑ Metzner, Thorsten (13 November 2019). "Gigafactory von Tesla soll 10.000 Jobs bringen: Elon Musk plant neues Werk bei Berlin" (in de). Der Tagesspiegel. https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/gigafactory-von-tesla-soll-10-000-jobs-bringen-elon-musk-plant-neues-werk-bei-berlin/25220356.html. 
  50. ↑ "German court says Tesla can clear trees to build car factory". The Guardian. 21 February 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/feb/21/german-court-tesla-can-clear-trees-car-factory. 
  51. ↑ @elonmusk (27 July 2020). "@cleantechnica Giga Berlin will come together at an impossible-seeming speed. The prefabricated construction method…" (in en). https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1287598172508958721. 
  52. ↑ Duffy, Kate. "Tesla has transformed its Berlin Gigafactory into a festival site with rave music, a Ferris wheel, and food stalls for 9,000 visitors" (in en-US). https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-gigafest-gigafactory-elon-musk-berlin-rave-music-ferris-wheel-2021-10. 
  53. ↑ Loveday, Steven (4 March 2022). "Tesla Is Now Officially Approved To Open Giga Berlin" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/571514/tesla-german-gigafactory-official-approval/. 
  54. ↑ "Tesla reportedly receives final environmental approval to start production at Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg, but there's a catch - Electrek". Electrek.co. 3 March 2022. https://electrek.co/2022/03/03/tesla-reportedly-receives-final-environmental-approval-to-start-production-gigafactory-berlin-catch/. Retrieved 31 March 2022. 
  55. ↑ Klingenberg, Mathias (29 April 2022). "Her er våre førsteinntrykk av tyske Model Y Performance" (in no). Teknisk Ukeblad. https://www.tu.no/artikler/her-er-vare-forsteinntrykk-av-tyske-model-y-performance/519139. 
  56. ↑ Jackson, James (5 December 2022). "Tesla's Berlin Hub Can't Hire Enough People, or Keep Them". WIRED. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/tesla-vacancies-staff-shortage-berlin. Retrieved 12 December 2022. 
  57. ↑ Lambert, Fred (6 December 2022). "Tesla Gigafactory Berlin in 'total chaos,' says worker in report about labor issues". https://electrek.co/2022/12/06/tesla-gigafactory-berlin-total-chaos-worker-report-labor-issues/. 
  58. ↑ "https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1537995967709884416" (in en). https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1537995967709884416. 
  59. ↑ "https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1576287306645790720" (in en). https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1576287306645790720. 
  60. ↑ "https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1604579924903223296" (in en). https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1604579924903223296. 
  61. ↑ "https://twitter.com/teslaeurope/status/1630061495504584705" (in en). https://twitter.com/teslaeurope/status/1630061495504584705. 
  62. ↑ "https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1639713037174161408" (in en). https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/1639713037174161408. 
  63. ↑ "Tesla schrumpft sein deutsches Autowerk". Bild. https://www.bild.de/regional/berlin/berlin-aktuell/keine-batterie-produktion-tesla-schrumpft-deutsches-autowerk-71616106.bild.html. 
  64. ↑ Will build batteries, powertrains & vehicles, starting with Model Y , Elon Musk, 12 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  65. ↑ Staudenmaier, Rebecca (17 November 2019). "Tesla factory outside Berlin to cost €4 billion". Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/tesla-factory-outside-berlin-to-cost-4-billion/a-51286353. 
  66. ↑ Spannagel, Lars (26 November 2019). "Wie Tesla Grünheide träumen läsurl=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/reportage/wie-gross-kann-der-ort-werden-und-was-ist-mit-kitas-wie-tesla-gruenheide-traeumen-laesst/25233850.html" (in de). https://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/reportage/wie-gross-kann-der-ort-werden-und-was-ist-mit-kitas-wie-tesla-gruenheide-traeumen-laesst/25233850.html. "The property on which Tesla wants to build begins right next to the train station, around 300 hectares, logistically perfectly located between the motorway and the train route" 
  67. ↑ Balser, Markus; Hägler, Max; Heidtmann, Jan; Kunkel, Christina (14 November 2019). "Tesla: Eine Gigafactory für Brandenburg" (in de). https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/tesla-musk-gigafactory-deutschland-brandenburg-1.4680397. "the railway line from Berlin to Frankfurt an der Oder crosses with the Berliner Ring. 30 people had negotiated for six months, "that is a huge number for Brandenburg". The decisive factor, however, was that "we are the leaders in the supply of renewable energies," said Woidke" 
  68. ↑ "Grünheide (Mark) – GVZ Freienbrink" (in de). https://www.gruenheide-mark.de/seite/325086/gvz-freienbrink.html. "96+300 hectares" 
  69. ↑ Moetsch, Matthias (11 December 2019). "Tesla zieht nach Grünheide: Wir sind die neuen Nachbarn von Elon Musk" (in de). https://www.bild.de/auto/mobilitaet-reisen-motorrad/mobilitaet-und-mehr/tesla-zieht-nach-gruenheide-wir-sind-die-neuen-nachbarn-von-elon-musk-66369144.bild.html. 
  70. ↑ Lambert, Fred (12 December 2019). "Tesla Gigafactory 4 leaked plans reveal room for expansion". https://ww.electrek.co/2019/12/12/tesla-gigafactory-4-leaked-plans-reveal-room-for-expansions/.  [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  71. ↑ "Grünheide (Mark) – Tesla-Gigafactory in Grünheide (Mark) | Freienbrink". 15 November 2019. https://www.gruenheide-mark.de/news/index.php?rubrik=1&news=533515&typ=1. "built on a 300 hectare lot in the industrial park Freienbrink" 
  72. ↑ "Bebauungsplan Nr. 13 "Freienbrink – Nord" Gemeinde Grünheide". Freie Planungsgruppe Berlin GmbH. May 2002. http://fpb.de/archiv/pdf_e_book/1301_bebauungsplan_freinbrink_13_e.pdf. "Size and type of use: 300 hectares industrial zone" 
  73. ↑ "Müggelspree-Löcknitzer Wald- Und Seengebiet". https://www.protectedplanet.net/20777. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Croyé, Melanie (11 January 2020). "Freienbrink: Alles weg für Tesla" (in de-DE). https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/2020-01/freienbrink-brandenburg-tesla-autohersteller-waldstueck-verkauf/komplettansicht. "The forest has a history with many contaminated sites, there is an old anti-aircraft position of the Wehrmacht, heaps of bombs and ammunition remains. During GDR times, the National People's Army used the site as a storage space, huge halls stood here. That is why so many people are out and about in the forest these days: four explosives companies have sent their employees to comb through the huge forest. Only when all weapon remains have been removed can trees be felled. An old illegal dump must also be removed" 
  75. ↑ Diehr, Annemarie (15 November 2019). "Tesla: Giga-Fabrik verdrängt Nadelbäume in Grünheide" (in de). https://www.moz.de/landkreise/oder-spree/fuerstenwalde/artikel6/dg/0/1/1765629/. 
  76. ↑ Croyé, Melanie (13 November 2019). "Tesla in Grünheide: "Jetzt sind wir endlich dran"" (in de). https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/2019-11/tesla-gruenheide-brandenburg-gigafactory-fabrik-werk-berlin/komplettansicht. "The place is already dominated by an industrial area, the GVZ Freienbrink. The Edeka regional central warehouse is located there, and several other companies, especially logistics companies, are already taking advantage of the practical location on the eastern Berliner Ring. worst quality forest" 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Thiessen, Ulrich (13 December 2019). "Wirtschaft: Land kauft mit Tesla-Erlös neuen Wald" (in de). Lausitzer Rundschau. https://www.lr-online.de/nachrichten/brandenburg/wirtschaft-land-kauft-mit-tesla-erloes-neuen-wald-41514745.html. "The state forestry company is in negotiations to sell 300 hectares of forest in Grünheide to Tesla" 
  78. ↑ Nicola, Stefan (17 January 2020). "Inside Tesla's Attack on Germany's Auto Establishment". Yahoo! Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/tesla-hurries-tiny-german-town-050041629.html. ""The forest is classified as a harvest-ready, inferior pine forest," Christiani said. "It was never supposed to be a rain forest."" 
  79. ↑ "So steht es um Teslas Aufforstung" (in de). 15 February 2022. https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2022/02/wald-aufforstung-tesla-gruenheide.html. 
  80. ↑ "Brandenburgs Ministerpräsident Woidke hält Zeitplan für Tesla-Fabrik für ambitioniert – aber machbar" (in de). https://www.maz-online.de/Brandenburg/Brandenburgs-Ministerpraesident-Woidke-haelt-Zeitplan-fuer-Tesla-Fabrik-fuer-ambitioniert-aber-machbar. 
  81. ↑ "Vorbereitung für Tesla-Gigafactory in Brandenburg laufen" (in de). 19 December 2019. https://teslamag.de/news/vorbereitungen-bau-von-deutscher-tesla-gigafactory-haben-begonnen-26175. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 "Weltkriegsbomben auf Tesla-Gelände gesprengt" (in de). Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg. 26 January 2020. https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/thema/tesla/beitraege/tesla-gelaende-gruenheide-weltkriegsbomben-sonntag-gesprengt.html. 
  83. ↑ "Alte Poststraße Tesla Gigafactory 4". https://www.fotowiesel.de/brandenburg/2018-stoeritzsee/PICT4158. 
  84. ↑ Alvarez, Simon (5 December 2019). "Tesla Gigafactory 4 purchase contract could be completed by end of 2019". Teslarati. https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-gigafactory-4-purchase-contract-could-be-completed-by-end-of-2019/. "Tesla may complete its purchase contract for the site of Gigafactory 4, … before the end of 2019 … optimistic about Tesla's factory, considering that the area had already been planned for a BMW facility back in 2001. "This is already the development plan for this type of industrial use," he said. … development plans for the site that were granted for BMW's potential facility would need to be re-examined, particularly as the flora and fauna in the area may have changed since 2001" 
  85. ↑ Klender, Joey (11 December 2019). "Tesla's European Gigafactory will produce 500k vehicles per year: report". Teslarati. https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-gigafactory-4-production-500k-model-y-per-year-report/. "according to a report from Bild … Initial production of the Model 3 and Model Y is expected to begin in 2021 with the help of 3,000 employees" 
  86. ↑ "Der geheime Plan für das Werk in Brandenburg: Wie öko wird die Tesla-Fabrik?". Bild. 11 December 2019. https://www.bild.de/bild-plus/news/inland/news-inland/der-geheime-plan-fuer-das-werk-in-brandenburg-wie-oeko-wird-die-tesla-fabrik-66613088. (Subscription content?)
  87. ↑ "Tesla zahlt rund 41 Millionen Euro für Gelände in Brandenburg" (in de). Der Spiegel. 8 January 2020. https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/tesla-zahlt-41-millionen-euro-fuer-gelaende-in-brandenburg-a-5f9a3c9a-097f-4617-9a34-f93d18f10f0e. Retrieved 8 January 2020. "Der US-Elektroautohersteller Tesla erhält das 300-Hektar-Gelände für seine geplante Fabrik in Grünheide in Brandenburg für knapp 41 Millionen Euro. … rund 13,50 Euro pro Quadratmeter … der Haushaltsausschuss muss aber noch zustimmen". 
  88. ↑ "Tesla stimmt Kaufvertrag für Grundstück in Grünheide zu" (in de). https://www.rbb24.de/wirtschaft/beitrag/2020/01/tesla-kaufvertrag-unterschrieben-brandenburg-gruenheide-eautos-fabrik.html.  [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  89. ↑ Metzner, Thorsten. "Tesla-Fabrik kommt nach Grünheide" (in de). Der Tagesspiegel. https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/kaufvertrag-unterschrieben-tesla-fabrik-kommt-nach-gruenheide/25449604.html. 
  90. ↑ "Gigafactory in Grünheide: Kaufvertrag für Tesla-Fabrik ist unterzeichnet" (in de). 29 January 2020. https://www.moz.de/nachrichten/brandenburg/artikel-ansicht/dg/0/1/1781379/. 
  91. ↑ "UVP-Berichtfür das Vorhaben "Gigafactory Berlin"" (in de). UVP-verbund. 13 November 2019. p. 59. https://www.uvp-verbund.de/documents/ingrid-group_ige-iplug-bb/94AFADF0-92F1-44EA-AA54-E1CD7C0FF6AD/UVP-Bericht%20Tesla%20Manufacturing%20Brandenburg%20SE_V1_20-12-202.pdf. "at the project site, deposits of the glacial valleys including their tributary valleys (lowland sand, "valley sand") predominate. These are fine- to coarse-grained, partly slightly gravelly to gravelly, sand. The geochemical overview map shows a low to medium load with heavy metals and partly high Exposure to lead, mercury and Iron-III. The project location is unsuitable or is not very suitable for agricultural use. The location is a flat depression area. The altitude lies at +38 to +40 m NHN"  Alt URL
  92. ↑ Bachman, Danica (14 December 2019). "Tesla Gigafactory Will Have Autobahn Exit and a Train Station, Says Report" (in en). https://www.btimesonline.com/articles/123310/20191214/tesla-gigafactory-will-have-autobahn-exit-and-a-train-station-says-report.htm. 
  93. ↑ "Plans for Tesla Gigafactory 4, According to Sound Emission Prognosis". 6 January 2020. https://cleantechnica.com/2020/01/05/plans-for-tesla-gigafactory-4-according-to-sound-emission-prognosis/. 
  94. ↑ Kröger, Michael; Wassermann, Andreas (13 November 2019). "Neue Tesla-Fabrik in Brandenburg: Warum ausgerechnet Grünheide?". https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/warum-elon-musk-sich-fuer-gruenheide-entschieden-hat-a-1296290.html. "Nationwide, no German state produces more green electricity per inhabitant than Brandenburg. Automotive expert Stefan Bratzel of the Bergisch-Gladbach University of Applied Sciences points to the large number of qualified workers available in the region" 
  95. ↑ "Tesla führt zu Ansturm von internationalen Unternehmen" (in de). 26 April 2022. https://www.rbb24.de/studiofrankfurt/wirtschaft/tesla/2022/04/tesla-industrie-gruenheide-reindustrialisierung-nachfrage.html. 
  96. ↑ ""You're stealing our water": Germans protest against Tesla gigafactory" (in en). Reuters. 18 January 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-gigafactory-germany-protests-idUSKBN1ZH0KM. 
  97. ↑ Stadthalle Erkner: Protokoll der öffentlichen Anhörung in der Stadthalle Erkner, 13 September 2020 und folgende Tage, public access to this document is provided by Landesamt für Umwelt (Brandenburg) upon request
  98. ↑ Meyer, Cornelia; Ankel, Sophia. "Elon Musk's new $4.4 billion Tesla Gigafactory near Berlin might endanger a species of bat, conservationists warn". https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-gigafactory-endanger-bar-species-scientists-warn-2019-11. 
  99. ↑ "Tesla: Team soll Fabrikbau begleiten" (in de). 13 December 2019. https://www.moz.de/landkreise/oder-spree/beeskow/artikel2/dg/0/1/1772490/. 
  100. ↑ Higgins, William Boston and Tim (21 January 2020). "Tesla's Post-China Challenge: Bats and Bombs in Germany" (in en-US). The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. https://www.wsj.com/articles/tesla-aims-to-replicate-china-success-with-german-factory-11579602602. 
  101. ↑ "Wieder mehr als 270 Tonnen Kampfmittel geräumt" (in de). 26 December 2019. https://www.t-online.de/region/id_87054406/wieder-mehr-als-270-tonnen-kampfmittel-geraeumt.html. "More than 70 years after the end of the Second World War, the Ordnance Disposal Service (KMBD) in Brandenburg cleared 276 tons of ordnance again this year" 
  102. ↑ "Tesla-Fabrik trotz Verzögerung nicht in Gefahr" (in de). Der Tagesspiegel Online. https://www.pnn.de/brandenburg/bauarbeiten-in-gruenheide-gestoppt-tesla-fabrik-trotz-verzoegerung-nicht-in-gefahr/25728954.html. 
  103. ↑ Lambert, Fred (9 April 2020). "Tesla Berlin Gigafactory stalls, reportedly has to revise foundation due to soil issue" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/2020/04/09/tesla-berlin-gigafactory-stalls-foundation-soil-issue/. 
  104. ↑ "German water utility pulls plug on Tesla over unpaid bills" (in en). https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/10/15/german-water-utility-pulls-plug-on-tesla-over-unpaid-bills/. 
  105. ↑ "German utility restores water supply to Tesla after stoppage" (in en). https://www.citynews1130.com/2020/10/16/german-utility-restores-water-supply-to-tesla-after-stoppage/. 
  106. ↑ "Firefighters extinguish flames on grounds of Tesla's Germany plant" (in en). Reuters. 26 September 2022. https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/firefighters-extinguish-flames-grounds-teslas-germany-plant-2022-09-26/. 
  107. ↑ "Tesla Berlin Gigafactory Fire Prompts Production Halt Demands" (in en). https://insideevs.com/news/612608/tesla-giga-berlin-fire-prompts-closure/. 
  108. ↑ Lambert, Fred (26 September 2022). "A fire broke out at Tesla Gigafactory Berlin; locals call for production stop" (in en-US). https://electrek.co/2022/09/26/fire-tesla-gigafactory-berlin-locals-call-production-stop/. 
  109. ↑ Alvarez, Simon (26 September 2022). "Tesla Giga Berlin critics demand production halt after cardboard fire" (in en-US). https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-giga-berlin-cardboard-fire-production-halt-report/. 
  110. ↑ "As Fire Breaks Out at Tesla (TSLA) Gigafactory Locals are Calling for Production to Stop" (in en). https://www.streetinsider.com/Corporate+News/As+Fire+Breaks+Out+at+Tesla+%28TSLA%29+Gigafactory+Locals+are+Calling+for+Production+to+Stop/20623137.html. 
  111. ↑ "A Fire at Tesla Gigafactory Berlin Last Monday As An Excuse To Stop Production" (in en). https://www.torquenews.com/15475/fire-tesla-gigafactory-berlin-last-monday-excuse-stop-production. 

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