Software:Gran Turismo (1997 video game)

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Short description: 1997 video game
Gran Turismo
Gran Turismo - Cover - JP.jpg
Japanese cover art featuring a Nissan Skyline GT-R (left) and a Toyota Supra (right)
Developer(s)Japan Studio (Polys Entertainment)[lower-alpha 1]
Publisher(s)Sony Computer Entertainment
Director(s)Kazunori Yamauchi
Producer(s)Kazunori Yamauchi
Shuhei Yoshida
Designer(s)Kazunori Yamauchi
Takeshi Yokouchi
Hirotaka Komiyama
Programmer(s)Seiichi Ikiou
Artist(s)Masaaki Goto
Composer(s)Masahiro Andoh (JP)
Isamu Ohira (JP)
Jason Page (EU/US)
SeriesGran Turismo
Platform(s)PlayStation
Release
Genre(s)Sim racing[4][5]
Mode(s)Single-player, multiplayer

Gran Turismo[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] is a 1997 racing simulation video game developed by Japan Studio's Polys Entertainment (later called Polyphony Digital, Inc. for North American releases and sequels) and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. It was directed by Kazunori Yamauchi and produced by Shuhei Yoshida. It is the first game in the Gran Turismo series.

After five years of development time, it was well-received publicly and critically, shipping a total of 10.85 million copies worldwide[1][6] (making it the best-selling PlayStation game), and scoring an average of 95% in GameRankings' aggregate, making it the highest rated racing video game at the time of the site's closure in 2019.[7] Many publications have deemed it one of the greatest video games of all time. The game has started a series, and has spawned over 10 spin-offs and sequels.

Gameplay

Gameplay screenshot featuring a Mitsubishi FTO GPX on Trial Mountain Circuit

Gran Turismo is a racing game. The player must maneuver a car to compete against artificially intelligent drivers on various race tracks. The game uses two different modes: Arcade Mode and Simulation Mode (Gran Turismo Mode in PAL and Japanese versions). In the arcade mode, the player can freely choose the courses and vehicles they wish to use. Winning races unlocks additional cars and courses.

However, simulation mode requires the player to earn different levels of driver's licenses in order to participate in events,[8] and earn credits (money), trophies and prize cars by winning race championships. Winning one particular championship also unlocks a video and a few additional demonstration tracks. Credits can be used to purchase additional vehicles, and for parts and tuning at manufacturers in-house tuning divisions.

Gran Turismo features 140 cars and 11 race tracks (as well as their reversed versions). Two Honda NSX cars from 1992 were included in the Japanese version, but were removed from the North American and European versions. There is also a 1967 Chevrolet Corvette and a 1998 Mazda Roadster exclusive to the Arcade mode but do not feature in Gran Turismo mode.

Development

The game took five years to complete[9] with a development budget of $5 million.[10] The development personnel were largely the same team which was behind the earlier PlayStation racers Motor Toon Grand Prix and Motor Toon Grand Prix 2, and Gran Turismo uses parts of the Motor Toon game engine, such as the physics model.[11] Kazunori Yamauchi said that the development of Gran Turismo started in the second half of 1992. Yamauchi added that at different times only seven to fifteen people were assisting him.[12] Since Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 was still in development when work on Gran Turismo started, several people only joined the development team after the completion of Motor Toon Grand Prix 2 freed them up to work on Gran Turismo.[11] Shuhei Yoshida, at the time head of Japan Studio, was the producer of the game.[13]

When asked how difficult it was to create Gran Turismo, Yamauchi remarked: "It took five years. In those five years, we could not see the end. I would wake up at work, and go to sleep at work. It was getting cold, so I knew it must be winter. I estimate I was home only four days a year".[9] While the team used standard PlayStation libraries in part, to get the game to run at optimal speed they had to use assembly code, and even then, they found the limitations of the PlayStation's CPU would not allow them to meet their initial goal of having 12 cars in each race.[11] Sound design was one aspect that Yamauchi believed was compromised due to a lack of time. Although Kazunori considered the game's artificial intelligence to be superior to its competitors, he remained unsatisfied with its development.[14]

Gran Turismo was the first game designed to fully support the PlayStation's DualShock controller.[15]

When Gran Turismo was released in Japan, Polys Entertainment was still a development group within Sony Computer Entertainment's Japan Studio. The studio was reestablished as Polyphony Digital in April 1998, before the Western release of the game.[16] Yamauchi estimated that Gran Turismo utilised around 75% of the PlayStation's maximum performance.[17]

Reception

Reception
Aggregate score
AggregatorScore
Metacritic96/100[18]
Review scores
PublicationScore
AllGame5/5 stars[19]
CVG9/10[20]
Edge10/10[21]
EGM9.5/9.5/9/9[22]
GamePro5/5 stars[23]
GameRevolutionA[24]
GameSpot8.6/10[25]
Hyper92%[26]
IGN9.5/10[27]
Next Generation5/5 stars[28]
OPM (UK)10/10[29]
OPM (US)5/5 stars[30]
Entertainment WeeklyA−[31]
Awards
PublicationAward
Spotlight Awards (1999)Best Simulation
Official UK PlayStation MagazinePerfect 10
Academy of Interactive Arts & SciencesConsole Racing Game of the Year
MobyGamesGame of the Year

Commercial

Gran Turismo was a commercial hit.[1][2] In May 1998, Sony awarded Gran Turismo a "Double Platinum Prize" for sales above 2 million units in Japan alone.[32] In its first month on the Japanese market, it sold over 1 million copies, making it the best-selling video game of the 1997 holiday shopping season in Japan.[8] According to Weekly Famitsu, it sold an additional 1.34 million units during the first half of 1998, which made it Japan's second-best selling game for that period.[33] It was also a high-seller in Australia, selling over 100,000 units in the first two months and with sales exceeding 130,000 by October 1998.[34] In the United States, it was the best-selling PlayStation game of 1998 with 1,431,483 sales and $58,568,520 (equivalent to $91,870,547 in 2019) revenue.[35][36] It was again the best-selling PlayStation game of 1999 in the United States, where it sold 1.3 million units and grossed an estimated $35,000,000 (equivalent to $54,000,000 in 2019) that year,[37][38] adding up to 2,731,483 sales and about $62,000,000 (equivalent to $97,000,000 in 2019) revenue in the United States by 1999.

It received a "Gold" award from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) in August 1998,[39] for sales of at least 100,000 units across Germany, Austria and Switzerland.[40] It sold 270,000 units in the German market from January through September 1998, which made it the region's best-selling console game of the period across all systems.[41] The VUD raised it to "Platinum" status, indicating 200,000 sales, by November.[42] At the 1999 Milia festival in Cannes, it took home a "Platinum" prize for revenues above €66 million or $78,000,000 (equivalent to $120,000,000 in 2019) in the European Union during 1998. This made it Europe's second-highest-grossing game of the year, behind Tomb Raider III.[43] It was again Europe's second highest-grossing game of 1999 with €94.444 million or $Undefined year "1,999",000 (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: NaN, check parameters for non-numeric data: |value=Undefined year "1,999"000 (parameter 2). in 2019) grossed that year,[44] adding up to over €160.444 million or $175,658,000 (equivalent to $276,000,000 in 2019) grossed in Europe by 1999, and over $238,000,000 (equivalent to $373,000,000 in 2019) across Europe and the United States by 1999.

By March 1999, Gran Turismo had sold over six million units worldwide,[45] of which two million were derived from the United States.[46] By February 2000, it had sold 7 million units worldwide, for which it was awarded the Guinness World Record for Best-Selling Driving Simulator.[47] By December 2000, it had sold more than 10 million copies worldwide, including 3.7 million units in the United States.[48] As of April 2008, the game has shipped 2.55 million copies in Japan, 10,000 in Southeast Asia, 4.3 million in Europe, and 3.99 million in North America, for a total of 10.85 million copies. It remains the best-selling video game for the PlayStation and the fourth highest-selling game in the Gran Turismo franchise, behind Gran Turismo 4, Gran Turismo 5 and Gran Turismo 3 respectively.[1][2][49]

In Australia, the game sold more than 110,000 copies in its first two months.[50]

Critical

Gran Turismo received widespread acclaim from critics and consumers alike, with praise for its graphics, soundtrack, tight controls and number of cars. It was classified as "universal acclaim", according to review aggregator Metacritic.[18]

Next Generation reviewed the PlayStation version of the game, rating it five stars out of five, and stated that "as it stands in the Japanese version, everything about Gran Turismo is a class act, and it raises the bar for racing games on almost every possible level. Our highest possible recommendation".[28]

Gran Turismo won "Console Racing Game of the Year" at the 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards (now known as the D.I.C.E. Awards),[51] won "Best Simulation" of 1999 at the Spotlight Awards,[52] won "Best Driving Game" and "Best Graphics" of 1999 according to the staff of PlayStation Official Magazine,[53] and was voted the sixth best game of all time by the magazine's readers in the same issue.[53] At the 1999 edition of the Milia D’Or Awards in Cannes, Gran Turismo won in the "Racing Game" category.[54] In 2000, readers of Computer and Video Games voted it the eighth best video game of all time.[55] Game Informer ranked it the 21st best video game ever made in 2001. The staff felt that the racing genre had not offered as "complete [a] package" as Gran Turismo.[56] In 2017, Gran Turismo was declared the best driving game ever by Top Gear.[57]

In 1999, Next Generation listed Gran Turismo as number 15 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Gran Turismo features cars that handle better than any other racing game ever made".[58] In 2006, Gran Turismo was inducted into GameSpot's list of the greatest games of all time.[59] In 2015, IGN listed Gran Turismo as the second most influential racing game of all time (after Pole Position), calling it "the grandfather of all modern console racing sims."[4]

Notes

  1. ↑ With assistance from Cyberhead.
  2. ↑ Japanese: グランツーリスモ Hepburn: Guran Tsūrisumo
  3. ↑ "Gran Turismo" is Italian for "grand touring"

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 ""Gran Turismo" Series Software Title List". Polyphony Digital. June 2008. http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Gran Turismo Series Shipment Exceeds 50 Million Units Worldwide" (Press release). Sony Interactive Entertainment. 2008-05-09. Archived from the original on 2017-12-29. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
  3. ↑ "Sony Ships Worlds Greatest Racing Game". May 12, 1998. http://www.psxnation.com/news/051298b.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "The Top 10 Most Influential Racing Games Ever". 3 April 2015. https://www.ign.com/articles/2015/04/03/the-top-10-most-influential-racing-games-ever?page=2. 
  5. ↑ The Greatest Games of All Time: Gran Turismo , GameSpot
  6. ↑ "Gran Turismo Series Software Title List". polyphony.co.jp. 2013. http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html. 
  7. ↑ "Reviews and News Articles". https://www.gamerankings.com/browse.html?site=&cat=47&year=0&numrev=1&sort=0&letter=&search=. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Gran Turismo: The Ultimate Racing Game". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (105): 48. April 1998. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Vaughn, Mark (June 3, 2009). "Six questions for the creator of Gran Turismo". AutoWeek Magazine. http://www.autoweek.com/article/20090603/CARNEWS/906039991. 
  10. ↑ "Sounds familiar?". August 7, 1999. p. 77. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010164052/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph/133215359/. Retrieved October 10, 2023. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "NG Alphas: Gran Turismo". Next Generation (Imagine Media) (36): 110–111. December 1997. 
  12. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (2010-01-14). "Gran Turismo's Creator Takes a Fifth Stab at a Perfect Racing Game". https://venturebeat.com/2010/01/14/gran-turismos-creator-takes-a-fifth-stab-at-a-perfect-racing-game/. 
  13. ↑ Ashcraft, Brian (2013-11-04). "How Sony's Hometown Studio Rose From the Ashes In Time for the PS4". https://kotaku.com/how-sonys-most-creative-studio-rose-from-the-ashes-1458030068. 
  14. ↑ "Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2". Edge (Future Publishing) (68): 48–49. February 1999. 
  15. ↑ "GT Gran Turismo: Sony's New 'Driving Simulator'". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (102): 92. January 1998. 
  16. ↑ "Corporate Profile". polyphony.co.jp. http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/index.html. 
  17. ↑ "Prescreen: Gran Turismo 2". Edge (Future Publishing) (68): 46. February 1999. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Gran Turismo for PlayStation Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/gran-turismo/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation. 
  19. ↑ Broesder, Chris. "Gran Turismo - Review". AllGame. http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=2130&tab=review. 
  20. ↑ Alex C (1998). "PlayStation Review: Gran Turismo". Computer and Video Games. http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=8210. Retrieved 2014-03-11. 
  21. ↑ Edge Staff (February 1998). "Gran Turismo review". Edge (55). http://www.edge-online.com/review/gran-turismo-review/. Retrieved 2015-03-08. 
  22. ↑ Davison, John; Ricciardi, John; Hager, Dean; Kujawa, Kraig (July 1998). "Gran Turismo". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (108): 138. 
  23. ↑ Air Hendrix (1998). "Gran Turismo Review for PlayStation on GamePro.com". GamePro. http://www.gamepro.com/sony/psx/games/reviews/259.shtml. Retrieved 2014-03-11. 
  24. ↑ Baldric (May 1998). "Gran Turismo Review (PS)". Game Revolution. http://www.gamerevolution.com/oldsite/games/sony/sports/gran_turismo.htm. 
  25. ↑ Broady, Vincent (1998-01-15). "Gran Turismo Review". http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/gran-turismo-review/1900-2547786/. 
  26. ↑ "R.I.P. PlayStation: The best of 1995-2001". Hyper (90 (April 2001)): 44–51. 28 February 2001. https://archive.org/details/hyper-090/page/44/mode/2up. 
  27. ↑ Boor, Jay (1998-08-23). "Gran Turismo". http://www.ign.com/articles/1998/08/23/gran-turismo-3. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Finals". Next Generation (Imagine Media) (40): 97. April 1998. 
  29. ↑ "Play Test: Gran Turismo". Official UK PlayStation Magazine (Platinum Special): 24–31. 1999. https://archive.org/details/Official_UK_Playstation_Magazine_1999_Future_Publishing_GB_platinum_special/page/n23/mode/2up. 
  30. ↑ "Gran Turismo". Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine 1 (9): 78–80. June 1998. 
  31. ↑ Walk, Gary Eng (1998-06-19). "Gran Turismo". Entertainment Weekly (437). http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,283631,00.html. Retrieved 2014-03-11. 
  32. ↑ Johnston, Chris (May 18, 1998). "Sony Awards Top PlayStation Games". GameSpot. http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_05/18_sony/index.html. 
  33. ↑ Ohbuchi, Yutaka (August 20, 1998). "First Half '98 Top Ten Japanese Games". GameSpot. http://headline.gamespot.com/news/98_08/20_densha/index.html. 
  34. ↑ "10 million PAL PlayStations". Official PlayStation Magazine (Australia) (15): 14. October 1998. 
  35. ↑ "High Scores: Top Titles in the Game Industry". Feed Magazine. April 22, 1999. http://www.feedmag.com/vgs/data.html. 
  36. ↑ The Veronis, Suhler & Associates Communications Industry Forecast. Veronis, Suhler & Associates. 1999. p. 247. https://books.google.com/books?id=hrbjAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved 2021-10-24. "While Nintendo 64 titles dominated the top-10 best-seller list in 1997, PlayStation software rebounded in 1998, occupying six of the top-10 spots. Nevertheless, the leader in sales, Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, is the continuation of a popular fantasy series manufactured by Nintendo. The second leading game, Gran Turismo, is a car-racing game produced by Sony for its PlayStation platform." 
  37. ↑ "Nintendo Dominates Videogame Sales: A small crop of N64 games followed the pace set by Game Boy titles". IGN. January 13, 2000. http://ign64.ign.com/articles/073/073963p1.html. 
  38. ↑ "Games Industry Sales Top $7.4 Billion in 1999". Spectrum: Interactive Media & Online Developer News (PC Data). 7 February 2000. http://www.3dlinks.com/spectrum/issues/spectrum-feb-07-00.cfm. 
  39. ↑ "Uhr TCM Hannover – ein glänzender Event auf der CebitHome" (Press release) (in Deutsch). Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland. August 26, 1998. Archived from the original on July 13, 2000. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  40. ↑ Horn, Andre (January 14, 2004). "VUD-Gold-Awards 2003" (in de). GamePro Germany. https://www.gamepro.de/artikel/vud-gold-awards-2003,1290773.html. 
  41. ↑ "Die Spaßmaschine" (in de). Focus. November 23, 1998. https://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/unterhaltung-die-spassmaschine_aid_174129.html. 
  42. ↑ "Neues aus der Verbandsgeschäftstelle" (Press release) (in Deutsch). Paderborn: Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland. November 27, 1998. Archived from the original on June 10, 2000. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  43. ↑ Staff (February 12, 1999). "Milia News; ECCSELL Awards Name Winners". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com:80/milia/0212/ecc/index.html. 
  44. ↑ "Le Milia 2000 Annonce Les Gagnants Des Prix ECCSELL, Organisés Par Le Sell en Partenariat Avec Gfk Et Chart-Track". FHCOM (Reed Midam). 15 February 2000. http://www.fhcom.net/actualites/97. 
  45. ↑ "Results For The Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 1999". Sony. April 28, 1999. p. 4. https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/IR/library/presen/er/98_Q4_e.pdf#page=4. 
  46. ↑ Staff (July 12, 1999). "Turismo Races Past Two Million". GameSpot. http://headline.gamespot.com/news/99_07/12_vg_turismo/index.html. 
  47. ↑ "Computer Games: Best-Selling Driving Simulator". Guinness World Records 2001. Guinness. 2000. p. 120. ISBN 978-0-85112-102-4. https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00enfi/page/120. 
  48. ↑ "Gran Turismo™ 3 A-spec Delivers the Most Technologically Advanced Racing Experience Exclusively on Playstation®2". Sony.com (Sony Computer Entertainment America). December 22, 2000. https://www.sony.com/en_us/SCA/company-news/press-releases/sony-computer-entertainment-america-inc/2000/gran-turismo-3-aspec-delivers-the-most-technologically-advanced-racing-experience-exclusively-on-playstation2.html. 
  49. ↑ "製品情報 | Polyphony Digital - ポリフォニー・デジタル". 2018-04-27. http://www.polyphony.co.jp/products/. 
  50. ↑ Hawley, Jonathan (September 13, 1998). "Video killed the racing driver". p. 116. https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98890966/the-age/. Retrieved April 2, 2022. 
  51. ↑ "Second Interactive Achievement Awards - Console". Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. http://www.interactive.org:80/iaa/finalists_console.html. 
  52. ↑ "Game Developers Choice Awards". Gamechoiceawards.com. http://www.gamechoiceawards.com/archive/spotlight_1999.html. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Official UK PlayStation Magazine issue 50, page 38, Future Publishing, October 1999.
  54. ↑ Rodger, Jennifer (February 15, 1999). "Network: An off year for `offline'". https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/network-an-off-year-for-offline-1071058.html. 
  55. ↑ Computer and Video Games issue 218.
  56. ↑ Cork, Jeff (2009-11-16). "Game Informer's Top 100 Games of All Time (Circa Issue 100)". Game Informer. http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2009/11/16/game-informer-s-top-100-games-of-all-time-circa-issue-100.aspx. Retrieved 2013-12-10. 
  57. ↑ "The top 50 best ever driving games: 10-1". 23 December 2016. https://www.topgear.com/car-news/gaming/these-are-the-top-50-best-ever-driving-games-10-1. 
  58. ↑ "Top 50 Games of All Time". Next Generation (Imagine Media) (50): 79. February 1999. 
  59. ↑ "The Greatest Games of All Time: Gran Turismo". http://www.gamespot.com/features/6148640/index.html. 

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