Biology:Gendicine
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Gendicine is a gene therapy medication used to treat patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma linked to mutations in the TP53 gene. It consists of recombinant adenovirus engineered to code for p53 protein (rAd-p53) and is manufactured by Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech.
Gendicine was the first gene therapy product to obtain regulatory approval for clinical use in humans[1] after Chinese State Food and Drug Administration approved it in 2003.[2]
Mechanism of action
Gendicine enters the tumour cells by way of receptor-mediated endocytosis and begins to over-express genes coding for the p53 protein needed to fight the tumour.[3] Ad-p53 seems to act by stimulating the apoptotic pathway in tumour cells, which increases the expression of tumour suppressor genes and immune response factors (such as the ability of natural killer (NK) cells to exert "bystander" effects). It also decreases the expression of multi-drug resistance, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes and blocking transcriptional survival signals.
p53 mutation status of the tumour cells and response to Ad-p53 treatment are not closely correlated.[4] Ad-p53 appears to act synergistically with conventional treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy. This synergy still exists in patients with chemotherapy and radiotherapy-resistant tumors. Gendicine produces fewer side effects than conventional therapy.
Related development
Contusugene ladenovec (Advexin), a similar gene therapy developed by Introgene that also uses adenovirus to deliver the p53 gene, was turned down by the FDA in 2008[5] and withdrawn by the maker from the EMA approval shortly after.[6]
References
- ↑ "The First Approved Gene Therapy Product for Cancer Ad-p53 (Gendicine): 12 Years in the Clinic". Human Gene Therapy 29 (2): 160–179. February 2018. doi:10.1089/hum.2017.218. PMID 29338444.
- ↑ "China approves first gene therapy". Nature Biotechnology 22 (1): 3–4. January 2004. doi:10.1038/nbt0104-3. PMID 14704685.
- ↑ "The Genesis of Gendicine: The Story Behind the First Gene Therapy". Biopharm International. BioPharm International-05-01-2004 17 (5). May 1, 2004. http://www.biopharminternational.com/genesis-gendicine-story-behind-first-gene-therapy.
- ↑ "Current status of gendicine in China: recombinant human Ad-p53 agent for treatment of cancers". Human Gene Therapy 16 (9): 1016–1027. September 2005. doi:10.1089/hum.2005.16.1016. PMID 16149900.
- ↑ "Ark floats gene therapy's boat, for now". Nature Biotechnology 26 (10): 1057–1059. October 2008. doi:10.1038/nbt1008-1057. PMID 18846056.
- ↑ "Advexin: Withdrawal of the marketing authorisation application". European Medicines Agency. 11 February 2009. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/withdrawn-applications/advexin.
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