Biology:Elephantopus
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Short description: Genus of flowering plants
| Elephantopus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Elephantopus scaber in India | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Vernonioideae |
| Tribe: | Vernonieae |
| Genus: | Elephantopus L. |
| Type species | |
| Elephantopus scaber | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae).[3][4][5]
The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia , and the Americas.[2] Several species are native to the southeastern United States,[6][7] and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.[8][9][10]
Uses
Elephantopus scaber is a traditional medicine[11] and other species, including E. mollis[12] and E. carolinianus,[13] have also been investigated for medicinal properties. Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.[14]
Species
- Accepted species[2]
- Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
- Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
- Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
- Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
- Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central United States ; Cuba, Puerto Rico
- Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
- Elephantopus elatus Bertol. - southeastern United States
- Elephantopus elongatus Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil , Venezuela
- Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
- Elephantopus micropappus Less.- Brazil
- Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia , various islands
- Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
- Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray - southeastern + south-central United States , east Texas to Maryland
- Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir. - Mexico
- Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil , Bolivia, Paraguay
- Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
- Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
- Elephantopus racemosus Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus riparius Gardner- Brazil
- Elephantopus scaber L.- China , India , southeast Asia, northern Australia ; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar , Latin America
- Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern- tropical Africa
- Elephantopus tomentosus L. - southern United States
- Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
- Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
- Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa
References
- ↑ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: 43-56 in English
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 814 in Latin
- ↑ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: plate IX line drawings of fruits of several species of Elephantopus and Pseudelephantopus (captions on page 56)
- ↑ Clonts, J. A. 1972. A Revision of the Genus Elephantopus Including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae). Ph.D. thesis. Mississippi State University.
- ↑ "Elephantopus L.". United States Department of Agriculture plants profile. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ELEPH.
- ↑ Flora of North America, Elephant’s foot, Elephantopus Linnaeus
- ↑ Press, J.R.; Shrestha, K.K.. "Elephantopus L.". Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=110&taxon_id=111427.
- ↑ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 368 地胆草属 di dan cao shu Elephantopus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
- ↑ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080403/http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
- ↑ Poli, A; Nicolau, M; Simoes, Cm; Nicolau, Rm; Zanin, M (August 1992). "Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 37 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 1453704.
- ↑ Tabopda, Tk; Liu, J; Ngadjui, Bt; Luu, B (Apr 2007). "Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells". Planta Medica 73 (4): 376–80. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967132. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 17366372.
- ↑ Lee, Kh; Cowherd, Cm; Wolo, Mt (September 1975). "Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 64 (9): 1572–3. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640938. ISSN 0022-3549. PMID 1185584.
- ↑ "Antitumor activity of Elephantopus scaber linn against Dalton's ascitis lymphoma". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 64 (1): 71–3. Jan–Feb 2002. http://medind.nic.in/imvw/imvw282.html.
Wikidata ☰ Q5359423 entry
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