Biology:Catharus

From HandWiki
Revision as of 17:08, 10 February 2024 by Unex (talk | contribs) (simplify)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Short description: Genus of birds

Catharus
Catharus mexicanus -Costa Rica-8.jpg
Black-headed nightingale-thrush (Catharus mexicanus)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Turdidae
Genus: Catharus
Bonaparte, 1850
Type species
Turdus immaculatus[1]
Bonaparte, 1850

The genus Catharus is an evolutionary clade of forest-dwelling passerine birds in the family Turdidae (thrushes), commonly known as nightingale-thrushes. The extant species are widely distributed across the Americas and are descended from a common ancestor that lived 4–6 million years ago.[2] Most of the species are shy of humans, seldom leaving the cover of dense forest vegetation, where their activities are hidden from view. Thus, many fundamental aspects of their biology and life histories are poorly known.[3][4][5]

Nightingale-thrushes are small omnivorous songbirds that, like their sister species the wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), exhibit a variety of migratory and non-migratory habits.[2][6] Multiple species are long-distance migrants that breed in North America and "winter" in the Neotropics. The breeding range of one migratory species, the gray-cheeked thrush (C. minimus), extends into eastern Siberia. The remainder of the migratory species are restricted to the Americas, notwithstanding occasional vagrant records in Europe[7] and northeast Asia.[8] The non-migratory species are residents of the Neotropical realm.[9][10][11][12][5]

Systematics

Historically, the migratory and residents were placed in two genera: Hylocichla and Catharus, respectively.[13] However, molecular studies indicate that hermit thrush (C. guttatus) is more closely related to three Neotropical species (C. occidentalis, C. gracilirostris, C. frantzii) than to the long-distance migrants which it superficially resembles.[14][6][15][2] This pattern of homoplasy may be the result of two independent origins of migration in the genus, and the convergent evolution of phenotypic characters associated with migration.[6]

The taxonomy of Catharus dates to the 18th century and has a confusing history resulting from multiple cryptic species, taxonomic composites, misidentified species, and other historical errors.[12][16][17] The name Catharus, authored by Charles Lucien Bonaparte, is derived from the Ancient Greek καθαρός (katharós) meaning "pure" or "clean", and refers to the plumage of the orange-billed nightingale-thrush (C. aurantiirostris).[18]

Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), who gave the genus Catharus its name in 1850.

Species delimitation in Catharus remains an active topic of study and multiple taxonomic splits have been proposed and/or adopted during the last half century, to recognize long-overlooked cryptic species. For example, evidence supporting the split of C. frantzii and C. occidentalis was published in 1969;[12] evidence supporting the split of C. bicknelli and C. minimus was published in 1993;[19] most recently, evidence supporting the split of C. dryas and C. maculatus was published in 2017.[11] The sister taxa C. ustulatus and C. swainsoni have also been treated at species rank by some authors.[17][20]

The nightingale-thrushes, revered for their beautiful songs, have long been compared to the common nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos). Theodore Roosevelt once remarked that, "In melody, and above all in that finer, higher melody where the chords vibrate with the touch of eternal sorrow, [L. megarhynchos] cannot rank with such singers as the Wood Thrush and Hermit Thrush. The serene, ethereal beauty of the Hermit's song, rising and falling through the still evening under the archways of hoary mountain forests that have endured from time everlasting".[21] A study published in 2014 presented evidence that hermit thrush songs, like human music, tend to be constructed of frequency ratios that are expressed as simple mathematical ratios and follow the harmonic series.[22]

 
 

Hylocichla mustelina

 
 
 
 
 
 

C. ustulatus

 
 

C. swainsoni

 
 
 
 
 

C. minimus

 
 

C. bicknelli

 
 
 

C. fuscescens

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

C. guttatus

 
 
 

C. occidentalis

 
 
 
 

C. gracilirostris

 
 
 

C. frantzii

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

C. fuscater

 
 
 

C. dryas

 
 

C. maculatus

 
 
 
 
 

C. aurantiirostris

 
 

C. mexicanus

 
 
 
 
 
Molecular phylogeny of Catharus based on Everson et al. (2019)[23] with updates from Halley et al. (2017) and Halley (2019)

Species

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Catharus dryas 2.jpg Catharus dryas Yellow-throated nightingale-thrush Resident: Middle America.
Catharus maculatus.jpg Catharus maculatus Speckled nightingale-thrush
(split from C. dryas) 		Resident: South America.
Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush, La Concordia, Mexico (17001712972).jpg Catharus aurantiirostris Orange-billed nightingale-thrush Resident: Mexico to Colombia and Brazil.
Catharus mexicanus -Costa Rica-8.jpg Catharus mexicanus Black-headed nightingale-thrush Resident: Mexico to Costa Rica.
Catharus fuscater Santa Elena 1.JPG Catharus fuscater Slaty-backed nightingale-thrush Resident: Costa Rica to Bolivia.
Catharus ustulatus -North Dakota-8a.jpg Catharus swainsoni Swainson's thrush Migratory: breeds in North America, winters in Central and South America.
Black-billed Nightingale-thrush.jpg Catharus gracilirostris Black-billed nightingale-thrush Resident: Costa Rica and Panama.
Hermit thrush qmnonic.jpg Catharus guttatus Hermit thrush Migratory: breeds and winters in North America.
Russet Nightingale-thrush.jpg Catharus occidentalis Russet nightingale-thrush Resident: Mexico.
Catharus frantzii 57202978.jpg Catharus frantzii Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush Resident: Mexico to Panama.
Graycheekedthrush36.jpg Catharus minimus Gray-cheeked thrush Migratory: breeds in North America, winters in South America
Catharus bicknelli Mount Ellen 3.jpg Catharus bicknelli Bicknell's thrush Migratory: breeds in northeastern North America, winters in Hispaniola
Veery in CP (43277).jpg Catharus fuscescens Veery Migratory: breeds in North America, winters in South America

References

  1. ↑ "Turdidae". The Trust for Avian Systematics. https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=182. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Voelker, Gary; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Klicka, John (2013). "Gene trees, species trees and Earth history combine to shed light on the evolution of migration in a model avian system" (in en). Molecular Ecology 22 (12): 3333–3344. doi:10.1111/mec.12305. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 23710782. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mec.12305. 
  3. ↑ Goetz, James E.; McFarland, Kent P.; Rimmer, Christopher C. (2003). "Multiple Paternity and Multiple Male Feeders in Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)". The Auk 120 (4): 1044–1053. doi:10.2307/4090275. ISSN 0004-8038. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4090275. 
  4. ↑ Halley, Matthew R.; Heckscher, Christopher M.; Kalavacharla, Venugopal (2016-06-22). "Multi-Generational Kinship, Multiple Mating, and Flexible Modes of Parental Care in a Breeding Population of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens), a Trans-Hemispheric Migratory Songbird" (in en). PLOS ONE 11 (6): e0157051. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157051. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 27331399. Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1157051H. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Greeney, Harold F.; Dyrcz, Andrzej; Mikusek, Romuald; Port, Jeff (2015-06-01). "Cooperative Breeding at a Nest of Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrushes (Catharus fuscater)" (in en). The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 127 (2): 323–325. doi:10.1676/wils-127-02-323-325.1. ISSN 1559-4491. https://meridian.allenpress.com/wjo/article/127/2/323/179420/Cooperative-Breeding-at-a-Nest-of-Slaty-backed. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): "Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus Catharus (Turdidae). " Auk 123(4): 1052-1068. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1052:SMSAMC]2.0.CO;2
  7. ↑ Hachenberg, Andreas (2017). "Seltene Vogelarten in Baden-Württemberg 2015". Ornithologische Gesellschaft Baden-Württemberg 33: 115–127. https://docplayer.org/70176781-Seltene-vogelarten-in-baden-wuerttemberg-2015.html. 
  8. ↑ Brazil, Mark (2009) Birds of East Asia ISBN:978-0-7136-7040-0 page 400 – 402
  9. ↑ Ortiz-Ramírez, Marco F.; Andersen, Michael J.; Zaldívar-Riverón, Alejandro; Ornelas, Juan Francisco; Navarro-Sigüenza, Adolfo G. (2016-01-01). "Geographic isolation drives divergence of uncorrelated genetic and song variation in the Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus frantzii; Aves: Turdidae)" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94 (Pt A): 74–86. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.017. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 26302950. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790315002481. 
  10. ↑ Tenorio, Elkin A.; Londoño, Gustavo A. (2019-11-10). "Nesting biology of the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas) and comparison of life histories in the genus Catharus". Journal of Natural History 53 (41–42): 2563–2578. doi:10.1080/00222933.2019.1708493. ISSN 0022-2933. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1708493. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Halley, Matthew R.; Klicka, John C.; Clee, Paul R. Sesink; Weckstein, Jason D. (2017-06-13). "Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation" (in en). Zootaxa 4276 (3): 387–404. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4276.3.4. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4276.3.4. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Phillips, Allan R. (1969). "An Ornithological Comedy of Errors: Catharus occidentalis and C. Frantzii". The Auk 86 (4): 605–623. doi:10.2307/4083450. ISSN 0004-8038. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4083450. 
  13. ↑ Ridgway, Robert (1907). "Ridgway's 'The Birds of North and Middle America,' Part IV". The Auk 24 (4): 450–451. doi:10.2307/4070590. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/90212. 
  14. ↑ Outlaw, Diana C.; Voelker, Gary; Mila, Borja; Girman, Derek J. (April 2003). "Evolution of Long-Distance Migration in and Historical Biogeography of Catharus Thrushes: A Molecular Phylogenetic Approach". The Auk 120 (2): 299–310. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0299:EOLMIA2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0004-8038. 
  15. ↑ Everson, Kathryn M.; McLaughlin, Jessica F.; Cato, Iris A.; Evans, Maryanne M.; Gastaldi, Angela R.; Mills, Kendall K.; Shink, Katie G.; Wilbur, Sara M. et al. (2019-10-01). "Speciation, gene flow, and seasonal migration in Catharus thrushes (Aves:Turdidae)" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 139: 106564. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106564. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 31330265. 
  16. ↑ Halley, Matthew R. (June 2018). "The ambiguous identity of Turdus mustelinus Wilson, and a neotype designation for the Veery Catharus fuscescens (Stephens)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 138 (2): 79–92. doi:10.25226/bboc.v138i2.2018.a3. ISSN 0007-1595. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Halley, Matthew R. (September 2019). "The misidentification of Turdus ustulatus Nuttall, and the names of the nightingale-thrushes (Turdidae: Catharus)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 139 (3): 238–259. doi:10.25226/bboc.v139i3.2019.a6. ISSN 0007-1595. 
  18. ↑ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling. 
  19. ↑ OUELLET, H (1993). "Bicknell's thrush: taxonomic status and distribution". Bicknell's Thrush: Taxonomic Status and Distribution 105 (4): 545–572. ISSN 0043-5643. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3939954. 
  20. ↑ Piacentini, Vítor de Q.; Aleixo, Alexandre; Agne, Carlos Eduardo; Maurício, Giovanni Nachtigall; Pacheco, José Fernando; Bravo, Gustavo A.; Brito, Guilherme R. R.; Naka, Luciano N. et al. (2015-12-31). "Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee / Lista comentada das aves do Brasil pelo Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos". Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia - Brazilian Journal of Ornithology 23 (2): 90–298. doi:10.1007/BF03544294. ISSN 2178-7875. http://www.revbrasilornitol.com.br/BJO/article/view/1263. 
  21. ↑ Mathews, F. Schuyler; Ussher, R. D. (1921). Field book of wild birds and their music : a description of the character and music of birds, intended to assist in the identification of species common in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains (Rev. and enl. ed.). New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/28116. 
  22. ↑ Doolittle, Emily L.; Gingras, Bruno; Endres, Dominik M.; Fitch, W. Tecumseh (2014-11-18). "Overtone-based pitch selection in hermit thrush song: Unexpected convergence with scale construction in human music" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 (46): 16616–16621. doi:10.1073/pnas.1406023111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 25368163. Bibcode: 2014PNAS..11116616D. 
  23. ↑ Everson, K.M.; McLaughlin, J.F.; Cato, I.A.; Evans, M.M.; Gastaldi, A.R.; Mills, K.K.; Shink, K.G.; Wilbur, S.M. et al. (2019). "Speciation, gene flow, and seasonal migration in Catharus thrushes (Aves:Turdidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 139 (106564): 106564. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106564. PMID 31330265. 

Wikidata ☰ Q859048 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Catharus&oldid=3522554"